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French Revolution Note Page 4-14

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 * Visuals**
 * French people and th****eir society**
 * The three estates**

-People took part in a violent revolution. -In cities, towns and villages all over France, men and women used violence to change the way they lived. -By the end of the year they had destroyed their countries-old system of law and government. -They changed their religion, economy, and society.
 * 1789-Violence in French Revolution **

-About 20 million French people were peasants. -There were about 2 million people who worked in towns. Ex) Shopkeepers, traders, craftsmen, builders, and laborers. -There were 2 million people who were the bourgeoisie, which were also called the middle class. -There were a wide variety of French people at work.
 * French people and their society **

-According to French law, people did not belong to classes but to estates. -In French society, people were divided into three estates. -Most French people belonged to four social classes: the peasantry, the town working class, the middle class or bourgeoisie, and the nobility.
 * The three estates **

-Wealth, and richness were very unevenly distributed. -Several million people were so poor that they had to rely on charity to stay alive.
 * Poverty **

-Most of the poor people still had to pay taxes. -There were two kinds of tax. (Takes paid directly to the government, and indirect taxes which people paid whenever they bought certain goods. -E verybody had to give Church a tithe and feudal dues. -Peasants had to pay tax to landlords.
 * Unequal taxation **

-The philosophers shared the way of thinking which they called Reason. -In 1787, people proposed number of reforms to help the poor, abolish taille, old age pentions and new hospitals. -Lavoisier studied, and found out that things burn from a substance called phlogiston.
 * Critics of French Society **

-Voltaire showed the major wrongs in French society. -They questioned power and beliefs of French church. -French Church was a Catholic, and Voltaire believed in Christianity.
 * The Calas affair **

-As a result of the writings of philosophes such as Voltaire, public opinion began to change. -In 1780 many educated people agreed on ideas and values.
 * Changes in public opinion **