InNo+andylin1212+11.28.10

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=This is a picture of the Big 3 in paris while paris peace conference was going on. Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau and David Lloyd George.= ** this is a toondoo i made about what were the big 3 thinking before the Paris Peace Conference. ** =

= **Part One: Making Peace**

**Chapter 1: Great Suffering**
**France** **Belgium** **Britain** **Italy** **Russia** **USA** **Germany** **The Suffering of War** In mid-1918, people of Europe hit by Spanish influenza. Greatest killer of war End of 1918, many treaties were made to ensure a lasting peace **Chapter 2: Great Expectations** **The Paris Peace Conference** January 1919, world leaders met in Paris to talk Biggest peace conference held in world’s history by far Big Three All had different expectations Clemenceau’s aims (France) Woodrow Wilson’s aims (USA) David Lloyd George aims (Britain) **Making the Peace** Wilson had detailed ideas of making peace, quickly got his own way Italy demanded that Italians living under Austrian rule must be go back to Italy Victors competed with each other to carve up land Germany, Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey did not take part Communist Russia not allowed to take part **Chapter 3: Germany Re-made The Treaty of Versailles** Treaty of Versailles
 * Good farm land destroyed
 * Soldiers eat farm animals
 * Two million flee from homes
 * Three quarters of a million homes were destroyed
 * Railway line and roads wrecked
 * 1,400,000 French soldiers were killed
 * 2,500,000 were wounded in the fighting
 * Germany occupy 4 years
 * Flanders was ruined by fighting
 * 50,000 Belgium soldiers dead
 * Suffered less
 * No part of country ever occupied by enemy
 * 750,000 British soldiers lay dead
 * 1,500,000 soldiers wounded
 * Spent nine billion pounds on war
 * in debt
 * > 1 billion borrowed from Americans
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">600,000 soldiers dead
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">North-east Italy devastated
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">3 years fighting in own soil
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Only allied country to surrender
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Mass hunger and deaths of 1,700,000 soldiers
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">pay heavy prize
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Revolutions broke out, communist government withdrew Russian armie from war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany took away all Russia’s western provinces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">One-third of Russians under German rules
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Lost 116,000 men
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Little fighting took place on soil
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">2 million soldiers were killed in the war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Revolution swept through Germany
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Prime Minister of Britain: David Lloyd George
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Prime Minister of France: Georges Clemenceau
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Prime Minister of the United States of America: Woodrow Wilson
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany must pay for damage done to France in war.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Cost: 200 billion gold francs
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Try to make Germans weak
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Taking away land, industry, armed forces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Aim to make absolute peace
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">‘Fourteen Points’
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Agreed with many of the ‘Fourteen Points’
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Believe cant be too harsh to defeated nations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">British public wanted him to be tough with Germany

<span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germans pissed off because of this treaty <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Allies threatened to invade if refuse to sign
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Between France and Germany
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">League of Nations set up
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Covenant of the League of Nations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">1st twenty-six clauses describe how league of nations work
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany give land to neighboring countries
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany’s overseas colonies put under rule of LON
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany give Russia’s land back
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany’s armed forces to minimum
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">100,000 men and a navy with no more than six battleships
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">No submarines and air force
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Western part of Germany – no soldiers or military allowed there
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">War Guilt Clause
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany accept blame for starting WWI
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reparations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Germany had to pay for repairing causes, mainly France

**Chapter 4: Europe Re-shaped: The other Paris Peace Treaties** **Austria-Hungary** Saint Germain and Trianon (Treaties)


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">made Austria and Hungary into different states
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 25px;">Had to pay reparations for war damage
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 25px;">Reduce army
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 25px;">Give up land on their neighbors

**Bulgaria** Treaty of Neuilly **Russia** Treaty of Versailles **Poland** Gained independence by taking land from Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia **The Turkish Empire** Treaty of Sevres Britain, France, Italy and Greece to occupy what remained of Turkey **Chapter 5: The League of Nations** **The organization of the League of Nations** Covenant of the League of Nations Disarmament Commission Mandates Commission Health Organization International Labor Organization Permanent Court of Justice Secretariat in Geneva Handle paperwork Chairman: Sir Eric Drummond, Englishman **Problems for the League of Nations** Looked impressive but weak 3 great countries absent from LON USA refused to join <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 25px;">Russia and Germany not allowed to join **Summary** Countries all got out of warm harmed, with Germany and Russia the most. They signed a lot of treaties and Paris Peace Conference took place, which is extremely important. League of Nations were created but USA did not join. LON is trying to have peace while improving the world in different ways. **Questions** 1. What happened to France after the war? 2. Explain the Paris Peace Conference. 3. Who is David Lloyd George? 4. What was the DMZ? 5. Explain the International Labour Organization.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">gave up land to neighbors
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pay reparations
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Reduce arm forces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">lost many provinces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Signed when Germany forced Russia to surrender
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Took away all Turkey’s land
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Straits under LON
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">middle east land made into mandates
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Land controlled by French and British until ready to rule themselves
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">LON made sure French and British governed them properly
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Only Arabia given independence right there
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Only talk, no war
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Talk about in the League’s Assembly
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Collective Security
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">If member attacked, other members help
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Help victim by cutting off trades
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Persuade member countries to reduce armed forces
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Kept an eye on colonies that were put under the temporary rule of Britain and France
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Improve worlds health
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">E.g. Trying to wipe out Leprosy
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">To improve conditions in which people worked
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Improving women’s right
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Help refugees
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Stop drug smuggling
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Based in Holland
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Try legal disputes between countries
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">President thought of it
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Don't want to get involved with problems from other countries