InNo+hyundoj2013+09.06.10

Page 39-49 Notes Hyun do Jun ** War ** -The war began on 20 April 1792 when France declared war on Austria. -The French armies attacked Austrian bases across the frontier in Belgium. -The National Assembly moved all the soldiers to Paris frontier to look over the entire foreigner. -All the people were volunteer to join the army, and put Louis in difficult position. -Far from protecting Louis and his family, the Brunswick Manifesto put them in great danger. ** The storming of the Tuileries ** -On 10 August 1792, 20,000 armed men and women marched to the Tuileries, determined to de-throne Louis XVI. -The red-uniformed Swiss Guards, defending the king, tried to fight them off but were outnumbered. -The National Guards supported, and they killed 600 Swiss Guards by using knives, pikes and axes. ** The overthrow of the monarchy ** -The attack on the Tuileries led quickly to the end of the monarchy. -King Louis was imprisoned with his family, and he was suspended from his office.43 -On 21 September 1792, the first action was to de-throne Louis and declare that France was now a Republic. -The King was an trial and beheaded on January, 21 1793 **The sans culottes** -The people who overthrew the king called themselves as sans culottes. -They were the working people of Paris, ranging from craftsmen to laundry women, clerks to porters, and fishwives to labourers. -They were Republican which suggest they hate Monarchy, and power should go to ordinary people -Important to have an equal power, such as vote ** The war spreads ** -The execution of Louis XVI shocked millions of people all over Europe. - It declared war against Holland, Spain and Britain fighting against most of the Europe -French was losing series of the war against Austria in Netherland. -The food price were going higher to pay for the war -And the currency was facing inflation and food shortage -In West France the Republican peasant gathered up and rebelled against the government. -Jacobins blamed on Girondins for the losing the battle and the raise of the food price, and they expelled the leading Girondins, more and more people are joining the group against the government -By summer 1793, sixty out of eight-three departments had joined the rebellion against the government. -The Convention set up an emergency group called the Committee of Public Safety. -For the next twelve months they used this power to run France very strictly and to impose harsh punishments on opponents. -The Terror began with a ‘Law of Suspects’ in September 1793. -They are sent to trial for the Revolutionary Tribunal, court special dealing for this, could impose prisoner and also sentence to kill. -Beheading prisoners with a recently invented machine carried out death sentences. - Machine that chopping of head, it is invented by doctor, which is quicker and less painful. -The Committee of Public Safety took very strong measures to crush the revolts in the countryside. -Over a hundred Representatives of the Convention were sent to the provinces with instructions to do anything necessary to restore order. -When the guillotine proved too slow to execute captured rebels, he had them drowned in boatloads in the River Loire. - The community of Public safety takes strong measure to crush the rebellion -At least 2,000 died in these drowning at Nantes. -In August 1793, the Convention ordered a ‘Mass Levy’ of the French people. - It increased the army sized by 80,000 men nearly three times. -The Committee tried to halt the rise in food prices with a law of the Maximum in September 1793. -If the penalty was broken, they will be sentenced to die. Terror and the Church -The Terror led to the disappearance of the Christian religion in many parts of France. -The Convention introduced a new calendar. -Sunday was abolished from a new calendar. -The Committee of Public Safety achieved what it set out to do. -But price was keep inclining, and 35000 to 40000 people have been executed. -They crushed all the Terrors. -Everybody’s rights and freedoms had been severely limited.
 * Inflation and shortages **
 * Rebellion **
 * The Reign of Terror **
 * The Law of Suspects **
 * The guillotine **
 * Terror in the provinces **
 * Terror in the armies **
 * Economic Terror **
 * Results of the Terror **