World+War+1+Page+1-12+Green+Book+Notes

Awesome Stuff This is basically an illustration of how Germany was basically forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles or else they will be invaded. This is pretty tough but considering the damage Germany has caused in World War 1, the other countries want pay back for their lost and the suffering that stirred among them.

Second Awesome Stuff This is a picture of Woodrow Wilson. I find it weird how he thinks of the idea of creating a League of Nation and when it was actually set up, USA does not take part of it. According to the history textbook, USA did not want to be involved with other countries problems.

Citation: http://en.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/80/President_Woodrow_Wilson_portrait_December_2_1912.jpg

Great Suffering

How France suffered from the Great War:
 * Most of the worst fighting took place in France and after four and a half years of war, an area larger than Wales was destroyed and lay wasted.
 * A lot of the French farmland became futile as explosive shells from artillery torn the land apart and many farm animals had to taken and eaten by soldiers because they require food.
 * Over two million people had fled their homes and countless homes and factories were destroyed plus the railway lines were wrecked.
 * The total casualty of French soldiers in the war was 1,400,000 soldiers and 2,500,000 more were wounded.

How belgium suffered:
 * Germany had invaded this country when it had to move across it to France.
 * For four years it was under German occupancy and the Germans stripped machinery from factories as well as taking all crops and use them as ration.
 * Flanders was the only part of Belgium to be not occupied but it lay in ruins and another city called Ypres has been decimated.
 * The total casualty of Belgian soldiers was over 50,000.

How Britain suffered:
 * British did not suffer as much as the Belgians or French because Britain was never occupied, being overseas.
 * Britain was heavily in debt by supporting the war efforts and had spent nine billion pounds and over a billion was borrowed from Americans.
 * The total war casualty for British soldiers was 750,000 men, with over 1,500,000 wounded and some crippled for life.

How Italy suffered:
 * North-east Italy has been devastated.
 * The casualty of Italian soldiers were 600,000 men.

How Russia suffered:
 * Mass hunger had swept through Russia and with 1,700,000 soldiers dead in the aftermath, Russia had to withdraw from the war in 1917.
 * Revolutions occurred and by the end there was a new communist government.
 * Russia had to sign the treaty of Brest-Litovsk and it further weakened Russia as Germany took many of Russia's resources.

How United States suffered:
 * The total casualty of U.S soldiers was 116,000 men.

How Germany suffered:
 * Revolution had caused chaos within Germany near the end of the war and soldiers refused to listen to Waiser Wilhelm.
 * The British Navy blocked all German ports from receiving any supplies and soon millions of Germans starved.
 * The total casualty of German soldiers was well over two million men.

Suffering of other Countries:
 * Austria-Hungary lost 1,200,00 men and the Turkish empire had lost 325,000 while Bulgaria lost over 100,000.
 * By mid-1918 an epidemic of Spanish influenza killed more than twenty five million people around the world.
 * Treaties began to be signed by each countries to ensure a terrible war shall not repeat again.

Great Expectations

The Paris Peace Conference:
 * In January 1919 peace treaty talks were on the war as countries want peace.
 * The Paris Peace Conference was the biggest peace conference ever held.
 * While many politicians went with their own ideas, three quickly took control of the talks the three were known as the "Big Three".
 * the Big Three were David Lloyd, the Prime Minister of Britain, Georges Clemenceau, the Prime Minister of France, and Woodrow Wilson, the President of America.
 * Clemenceau aim was that Germany must pay for the damage they caused and the cost was 200,000,000,000 gold francs. The second goal was that Germany must be weak so it cannot attack France in the future and he wanted it done by taking German land, industry and armed forces.
 * Woodrow Wilson wanted to make future wars impossible by making a fair peace and he laid out his plan with fourteen points. The most important of the points were that no country should make secret agreements, countries must reduce armed forces and weapons, people living under the rule of foreign empires must be allowed to form their own nations and choose their government and this was called "National Self-Determination", plus an organization should be set up for world peace and suggested the creation of League of Nations.
 * David Llord agreed with many of Wilson's points but ultimately still wanted to be tough with Germany.

Making The Peace:
 * Since Woodrow Wilson was the only one with detailed ideas for peace, he quickly got his way.
 * Politicians spent two months in the conference setting up the League Of Nations and then they turned to the problem of National Self-Determination.
 * The peace conference dragged on as each country wanted to have things their way and to gain as much for their country as possible.

Germany Re-Made: The Treaty of Versailles
 * Politicians began going to Versailles by train to sign the first of the treaties they spent a like time discussing.
 * The Treaty of Versailles had dealt with Germany and it was very long, with over 200 pages and 400 separate sections.
 * The Treaty of Versailles main articles were that the league of nations were setup and was called the Covenant of the League of Nations, land around Germany must be given to the countries surrounding Germany, all German colonies were taken to be part of the League of Nations, land taken from Russia by Germany were returned with some becoming new nations, Germany's army was greatly reduced to 100,000 men and navy with no more than six battleships and were not allowed to have submarines or air forces, the western part of Germany became a DMZ zone, Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria, Germany had to accept blame for the cause of war, and last but not least Germany had to pay for reparations and for the damage caused.
 * Germans began an uproar as they deemed the treaty too harsh and called it a Diktat - a dictated peace.
 * Nonetheless Germany had to sign it and when all country representatives signed it peace was restored.

Europe Reshaped: The Other Paris Peace Treaties

Austria - Hungary:
 * Austria - Hungary was dealt with two treaties signed at Saint Germain and Trianon, two royal palaces in Paris.
 * The treaty made Austria and Hungary independent states and they both had to pay reparations for the damage they had caused.
 * They also had to reduce their armaments and give up land to their neighbours.
 * Serbia took huge areas of land and became a new state of Yugoslavia.
 * A part of Hungary was given to Romania.

Bulgaria:
 * Bulgaria was met with the Treaty of Neuilly and the terms were about the same with Austria - Hungary.

Russia:
 * Russia regained some land that was taken by Germany but some of the land was taken to create new nations.

Poland:
 * Poland regained their independence from other countries who conquered their land.
 * Poland now has the "Polish Corridor", which gave the country free access to ports on the Baltic Sea.

The Turkish Empire:
 * The Turkish Empire was met with the Treaty Of Sevres and it was very harsh.
 * The treaty had took nearly all Turkey's land in Europe and the Turkish Straits were put under the League of Nations.
 * The Arab lands Turkey owned became mandates controlled by the French and British.

The League of Nations:

The Organization of the League of Nations:
 * There were many rules for peace to be kept.
 * If any member of the League quarreled with another they would talk about their differences instead of going to war.
 * If a member was attacked all other members would help against the threat and this was known as collective security.
 * Much of the work of the League was done by commissions.
 * The Disarmament Commission worked on persuading member countries to reduce army sizes as well as putting down firearms.
 * The Mandates Commission watches for the German and Turkish colonies that were under temporary rule of Britain and France.
 * A Health Organization was made to improve world health and the International Labour Organization aimed to improve the conditions in which people work.
 * The Secretariat was setup to deal with paperwork, communications, and publicity.

Problems for the League Of Nations:
 * USA refused to join the League of Nations even though it was an American president who thought of the idea.
 * Russia and Germany did not join either so three great countries were not in the League.
 * Another problem was that the League did not actually have an army if a problem arises to stop it but despite the problems everyone was still very enthusiastic about the League.

Questions: What were some of the rules in the Treaty Of Versailles? What was Germany's reaction to the Treaty of Versailles and what did they call it? How was each country affected by the war who fought in the war? Who were the "Big Three" and what were their ideas? What were some of the problems the League of Nation faced?

Summary: Politicians from all over the world met at the Paris Peace Conference to negotiate about a peace and about the future. Three men took leadership quickly and were known as the "Big Three". Germany heavily rejected the Treaty of Versailles when presented to them but was forced to sign anyways. Countries who fought against the allied forces suffered similar punishment as Germany. The new League of Nations strive to improve the world.