InNo+JonathanK2013+11.26.2010

=THE WORLD RE-MADE=

=Awesomeness:= This is the symbol of the League of Nations. After the World War 1, the League of Nations was a widely talked about topic to ensure peace and that a second world war would not happen. The League of Nations had problems and these includes that it did not have a army to enforce it plans, and also the three great countries of the World (USA, Germany and Russia) was not in it. This is a chart of the League of Nations. This chart shows the setting of the league of nations, explaining why they were formed, basically the background information. The Action shows what they plan to do or what they want to achieve. The Characters include the big three who are the biggest influence to the League of Nations. The LEague of Nations also had problems like countries not wanted to join. The outcome of the League of Nations is unknown yet, but i can assume that it is good because we still see United Nations in the world today.

=__Chapter 1: Great Suffering __=

France

 * Good farm land was destroyed
 * Farm animals killed by soldiers to eat
 * Two million people had to flee from homes
 * Three quarters of a million homes were destroyed
 * Railway line and roads wrecked
 * 1,400,000 French soldiers were killed
 * 2,500,000 were wounded in the fighting

Belgium

 * Most of country occupied by Germany for four years
 * Flanders, part of Belgium not occupied, was ruined by fighting
 * Old city of Ypres lay in rubble
 * 50,000 Belgium soldiers dead

Britain

 * Suffered less than either the French or the Belgians
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">No part of country ever occupied by enemy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">750,000 British soldiers lay dead
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">1,500,000 soldiers wounded
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Government deeply in debt
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Spent nine billion pounds on war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Over one billion borrowed from Americans

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Italy

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Three years of fighting in own soil, 600,000 soldiers dead
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">North-east Italy devastated

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Russia

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Only allied country to surrender
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Mass hunger and deaths of 1,700,000 soldiers brought country to surrender
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Revolutions broke out, communist government withdrew Russian armies from war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Pay heavy price for surrender
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Germany took away all Russia’s western provinces
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">One-third of Russians under German rules

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">United States

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Suffered Least
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Lost 116,000 men

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Germany

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Different kind of suffering
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Little fighting took place on her soil
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Two million soldiers were killed in the war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">1918, the country was exhausted
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Revolution swept through Germany

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Suffering of War

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">In mid-1918, tired and hungry people of Europe were hit by an epidemic of Spanish influenza. Greatest killer of war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">End of 1918, many treaties were made to ensure a lasting peace

=__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Chapter 2: Great Expectations __=

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Paris Peace Conference

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">January 1919, world leaders met in Paris to talk about peace
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Biggest peace conference held in world’s history
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**Big Three**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Prime Minister of Britain: David Lloyd George
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Prime Minister of France: Georges Clemenceau
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Prime Minister of the United States of America: Woodrow Wilson
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">These men had different ideas and expectations of what needed to be done
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Clemenceau’s aims** (France)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany must pay for damage done to France in war.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Cost: 200,000,000,000 gold francs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany must be made so weak that she could never attack France again
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Taking away land, industry, armed forces
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Woodrow Wilson’s aims** (United States of America)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Aim to make future wars impossible by creating a fair peace
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Fourteen Points
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">No secret agreements between countries, if countries dealt openly with each other, there would be less suspicion and misunderstanding in the world
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Countries must reduce their armed forces and weapons
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">National Self-Determination
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">People living under the rule of foreign empires must be allowed to form their own nation and choose their own governments
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">League of Nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">All countries should belong to a new organization for keeping peace in the world
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**David Lloyd George aims** (Britain)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Agreed with many of the fourteen points
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">If defeated nations treated too harshly they would become angry and resentful, could cause trouble in the future
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">British public wanted Lloyd George to be tough with Germany
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Hard for him to follow his own beliefs

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Making the Peace

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Woodrow Wilson only one of the Big Three who had detailed ideas of making peace, quickly got his own way
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Italy demanded that Italians living under Austrian rule must be re-united with Italy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Paris Peace Conference became free-for-all in which victors competed with each other to carve up land of defeated power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany, Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria and Turkey did not take part in free-for-all, defeated powers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Communist Russia not allowed to take part

=__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Chapter 3: Germany Re-made The Treaty of Versailles __=

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Treaty of Versailles**

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Between France and Germany
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Very long document, over 200 pages long, more than 400 separate sections, or clauses
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Summary
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">League of Nations set up
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Covenant of the League of Nations**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">First twenty-six clauses describe how league of nations work
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany give land to neighboring countries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">All Germany’s overseas colonies taken away and put under rule of League of Nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Land Germany taken from Russia is given back, others made new nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Germany’s armed forces to minimum
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">100,000 men and a navy with no more than six battleships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">No submarines and air force
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Western part of Germany made into DMZ
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Meant that no German soldiers or weapons were allowed there
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany forbidden to unit with Austria to make single Germany-speaking state
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**War Guilt Clause**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany accept blame for starting Great War
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Reparations**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germany had to pay the cost of repairing war damage to allies, mainly France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Germans were angry because of this treaty
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Thought it was a **Diktat**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Dictated Peace
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Allies threatened to invade if refuse to sign

=__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**Chapter 4: Europe Re-shaped: The other Paris Peace Treaties** __=

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Austria-Hungary

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**Saint Germain and Trianon** (Treaties)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Treaties that made Austria and Hungary into different states
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Had to pay reparations for war damage
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Reduce armaments
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Give up land on their neighbors

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Bulgaria

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**Treaty of Neuilly**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Bulgaria gave away land to neighbors
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Pay reparations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Reduce arm forces

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Russia

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**Treaty of Versailles**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Russia lost many provinces
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Signed when Germany forced Russia to surrender

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Poland

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Gained independence by taking land from conquerors: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Turkish Empire

 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**Treaty of Sevres**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Took away nearly all Turkey’s land in Europe
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Put Turkish Straits under League of Nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Arab lands in middle east made into mandates
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Land controlled by French and British until they were ready to rule themselves
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">League of nations made sure French and British governed them properly
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Only Arabia given independence straight away
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Armies from Britain, France, Italy and Greece were to occupy what remained of Turkey
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Barren mountainous area known as Asia Minor

=__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Chapter 5: The League of Nations __=

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Organization of the League of Nations

 * ==<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">Covenant of the League of Nations ==
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Any member were to argue with another, they would talk about differences instead of war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Talk about in the League’s Assembly
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Collective Security**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">If member was attacked, other members would help
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Help victim by cutting of all links with attacker, trade, financial links etc
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Commissions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Disarmament Commission**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Persuade member countries to reduce size of armed forces and cut down stocks of weapons
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Mandates Commission**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Kept an eye on Germany and Turkish colonies that were put under the temporary rule of Britain and France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Health Organization**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Improving Worlds health
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Example: Trying to wipe out Leprosy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**International Labor Organization**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Aimed to improve conditions in which people worked
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Improving women’s right
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Stop drug smuggling
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Helping refugees
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">**Permanent Court of Justice**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">World law court
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Based in Holland
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Try legal disputes between countries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">**Secretariat in Geneva**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,-webkit-fantasy;">Handle paperwork
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,fantasy;">Chairman: Englishman: **Sir Eric Drummond.**

**Problems for the League of Nations**

 * Looked impressive on paper, but actually very weak
 * **Problems**
 * Three great countries absent from League of Nations
 * USA refused to join
 * Even though American President thought it up
 * Not interested in getting involved with problems of other countries
 * Communist Russia and defeated Germany did not join
 * Not allowed to
 * Did not have army to back up decisions

Summary: After World War 1, most of the countries were damaged very badly. The allies than gathered in Paris for the Paris Peace Conference, its purpose is to make sure that there would be peace and future wars would be prevented. This resulted in many treaties being signed. The League of Nations was then also formed, their main goal was also to ensure peace between many countries, they had problems such that the three major countries did not join and the League of Nations did not have a army to enforce its laws.

Questions: Who were the big three? Who were the league of nations and what was their purpose? What happened at the Paris Peace Conference? Why did America not join the league of nations? What is the treaty of Sevres?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">