InNo+Jeffooo+01.03.11

[[image:Lbfm.jpg]]
This is a picture of the two Atom bombs, which were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is because of these bombs, that the world war had ended. On the left is Little boy, and the right is Fat man. media type="youtube" key="O5slCTLrFHI" height="390" width="480" This is a video explaining the process of Kamikaze pilots in WW2. The Japanese believed it was an honor to die for their countries, and were trained to fly planes into larger vehicles carrying large amounts of explosives. This is video also gives the person watching the hypnosis which the pilots went through before serving their country on the suicide mission. Here is something i made describing how the Island hopping worked, and how it was effective when the US army used it to rid the distance between them and Japan. The circles are the islands under the Japanese control, and the army choses the islands to take over - the army explains the process.

1942 - Year of Uncertainty
The War in Europe
 * British could only make war on the Germans inside Europe, bombing them by air.
 * Also, the Germans were only able to attack the British by bombing them too
 * 1940-1942 Germans and the British bombed each others factories ports and railways, trying to effect their industries and tranport.
 * Most bombs missed, however the bombs which hit were ineffective, as the factories, railways and ports were quickly repaired
 * **Area Bombing** was introduced - it was a plan where everything within the targeted area was bombed, destroying everything
 * The British dropped bombs on densely populated places
 * May 1932, 1000 aircrafts attacked the German city if Cologne. 2.5km of the city was set on fire, 250 factories were damaged or destroyed, and left 45000 people homeless
 * in 1942 august, the british took part in the Dieppe raid trying to take controll over the French port of Dieppe. However, 4384 men were killed wounded or taken prisoner, while only 600 Germans were killed.

The War in Africa
 * British in africa were driven out
 * British's Mediterranean base were getting bombed by the Germans, and had no resources as the supply ships were being attacked
 * Rommel's army used up all their supplies on the way to El Alamein
 * Eighth army led by general montgomery invaded north africa
 * started **Operation torch** - attack the army from behind
 * The battle of **El Alamein** lasted until 4th of November. Montgomery pwned Rommel and took 30000 prisoners
 * He then invaded the colonies of France - Morocco and Algeria
 * French fought, however were stopped by admiral Darlan, who negotiated with the allies
 * Operation Torch failed

The War in the Soviet Union
 * in 1942 both soviet and germany wanted to fight
 * Red army lauched 3 attacks which failed
 * Germany moved towards the caucasians, however **Stalingrad** was there blocking their path.
 * Hitler sent half of the German army to capture it, however failed
 * 3 months of battle of Stalingrad
 * The red army protested in the center of the city
 * in November, the city was all destroyed
 * Germans could not take it, red army nearly on first major victory

The War in the Far east
 * 1942 May, Japanese seem unbreakable on the pacific
 * May 1942 - **Battle of the coral sea**
 * June 1942 - **Battle of Midway**
 * 296 japanese aircrafts got owned, and only 1 US carrier got owned
 * Pacific was divided into 3 areas - Central area, and southwest area

The Turning points on 1943

 * Roosevelt and churchillmet at morocco to decide what allies should do next **at the casablanca conference**
 * Stalin did not attend due to battles in russia
 * Aimed to force Japan Germany and Italy to surrender
 * did not open second from in europe
 * continued on their operation torch. invades sicily, and italy -> europe

Stalingrad
 * During the confference, the Germans were fighting in Stalingrad, and hitler gave orders to fight to the last men
 * German commander fighting in Stalingrad surrendered
 * It was the first time the German army had been beaten

Allied victory in North Africa
 * Allies had to fight hard, when torch started
 * Allies force Rommel to surrender, took 130000 German and Italian prisoners
 * Allies took over Africa and Mediterranean
 * in July 1943 attacked sicily, and was ready to attack Italy
 * Mussolini was forced to resign and was replaced by General Badoglio
 * Allies and Badoglio signed a cease-fire

Bomber Offensive
 * British continue to bomb the Germans
 * created heated hurricanes, firestorms, blowed cars and 50000 dead
 * Germans were also bombing British ports, however only bombed 10% of how much the Allies were bombing them

Turning point at kursk
 * Germans in Russia plan another attack on the red army
 * soviet knew attack was going to be at krusk, and prepared for it
 * **battle of Kursk** - july 5th, soviets did not let Germans move, 850 Soviet tanks pwned 300 German tanks, Hitler retreats
 * Germans driven back out of soviet to frontier

Total War
Displaced people
 * Millions were forced to flee their homes due to war
 * 5 million were taken to do forced labor in Germany
 * 400000 Germans were sent to siberia in soviet

Concentration camps
 * millions forced to live in concentration camps
 * worst conditions to live in

The Final Solution
 * Nazi started to prosecute jews since 1933, concentration camps were made for jews
 * WhenHitler took over poland in 1939, 3 million jews under hitler control
 * jews were forced to live in ghetto areas
 * 1942, started **Final solution** of the jewish question in europe
 * wanted to kill all jews
 * 1942-1945 5million were killed in extermination camps

Partisians and Resistance
 * occupied countries civilians formed armed bands to resist the invaders
 * Yugoslavia and soviet union were known as partisans
 * France and the other countries were known as the **Resistance**
 * They fought a Guerilla war
 * Germans fought the Partitions cruelly and took out villages with them

Total war in occupied lands
 * Civilians in unoccupied countries escaped much of the total war
 * due to economic demands, many peoples lives were changed

Germany in retreat 1944

 * Jan 1944, Allies attack the Gustav Line
 * **Monte Cassino** was the only way through
 * Allies bombed the place to the ground
 * Germans still defended, and another allies group lands in Anzio, and attack the Gustiv line
 * German reinforcements come and stop them from landing,
 * May 1944, got past the Line
 * Germans backed up to second defense zone called the gothic zone
 * Allies could not get through due to the bad weather and defense
 * Tehy were kept back until 1945
 * Failed, however also kept the Germans from strengthening their defence
 * Operation overlord - 1944

Second front in France
 * operation overlord
 * Transfer Soldeirs from Britain to France, forming a second front
 * Difficult opperation, took place in june 6 1944 - codename was **DDay**
 * 176000 soldiers, 600 warships, 2500 bombers and 7000 fighter planes landed on five beaches in Normandy
 * They broke through to inland after a fierce battle
 * June dec 2nd, allies broke through into Northern France
 * **Operation Anvil** - invasion of souther france in august drove all the Germans out of France

The air war continues Allies were able to win and take control over the Air
 * Hitler refused to admit defeat, and German army was ordered to fight on
 * **V-1** was launched (planes carrying heavy explosives)
 * a V-2 strike in london killed 900 civilians and injured 3500
 * While Germany did not surrender, Allies bombed Germany even more
 * Allies had new ranged fighters, able to shoot bombs from extreme distances however 1077 RAF bombers were shot down by German night fighters
 * They bombed German fuel stations and railways

Battle of Bulge
 * Allies in France tried to attack Germany by crossing the river rhine
 * Gave Germany a chance to strike back
 * drove allies back to Belgium
 * **Battle of Bulge** lasted 6 weeks, and drove the Allies back, however greatly weakened the Germans

The War in the Soviet Union
 * 1944 showed Germany's retreat form the Soviet Union
 * Red army drove Germans out of Ukraine and Crimea, back to Romania
 * Main soviets attack is in june to coincide with the Allies attack
 * owned the Germans and took 20k prisoners
 * August to end of war
 * Soviets drove into Balkan
 * Romania and Bulgaria joined the allies
 * end of 1944. Allies ready to attack Germany full on

Japan in retreat 1943 - 1944
Victory disease
 * The Japanese, having taken over 1 sixth of the world, believe they have the victory disease (taken too much for their own good)
 * in 1942 - japanese lost 2 battles in the pacific

Island Hopping
 * Allies took advantage over the japanese victory disease, driving the japanese back island by island
 * Allies created the **South East Asia Command** under lord Mountbatton, which aimed to drive Drive the Japanese in Britain Empire back to Bulma

Economics at war
 * Because Japan did not have resources besides rubber and oil, to produce weapons, allies quickly out-produced them
 * The US were also able to sink japanese ships with the use of submarines
 * They were able to sink 6 million to 7 million tons of shipping
 * The rate which they were sinking ship, was 10 times faster than the rate which they were being built
 * Marianas island was captured in 1944
 * US were able to bomb Japan in a distance
 * November onwards, japanese production dropped even lower as the US bombed the Japanese factories

No Surrender
 * The Japanese were able to cover up their disadvantages with great bravery and sending ships and aircrafts into war
 * They fought with extreme dignity bravery on land, and only 17 survived out of 4700 by the end of the US attack
 * Because the Japanese thought surrendering was dishonorable, some who were taken prisoners were too wounded to commit suicide
 * Closing steps of the **Battle of the Leyte Gulf** - largest naval battle in history, Japanese started to use Kamikaze,
 * End of 1944 - The more Japanese were forced to retreat, the stronger they fought. Allies were far from winning, and Japanese changed their strategies for future fighting.

Defeat of the Axis 1945
1945, Germany and Japan on retreat
 * May - Germany ran out of time, and the Allies celebrated "Victory in Europe"
 * in the East, war dragged on about 9 months, causing many many casualties
 * In September, the Japanese surrender

Victory in Europe
 * Soviet advance 50km
 * Allied forces cross river rhine
 * Allies broke through gum in Italy
 * Allies bomb Germany all over
 * **Operation Thunderclap** - aimed to end the Germans will for fighting
 * killed 35000 people, and burned down the city
 * No survivors were there to bury dead people
 * April - allies destroy all major cities of Germany
 * Did not stop Germans will for fighting
 * Did not destroy Germans economy, or win the war
 * April 16 - Soviet crosses Oder and advances to the capital, Germany soldiers in Berlin start to break
 * Hitler commits suicide April 30
 * Next day, Germany negotiates peace with Allies
 * Surrenders without conditions on may 7th

The Defeat of Japan
 * Closer they get to Japan, the harder they fight
 * Attack on iwo jima, left 200 japanese survivors out of 22000
 * march to september, 1945 2 japanese cities were destoryed by bombs
 * 1/4 of the people were made homeless
 * people of japan went to the countryside to search for food
 * Absenteeism - lost 4/5 missing out on work. Reduced output on japanese industry.
 * from 7 million steel, only 1 million steel was produced
 * from 43 million barrels of oil, only 1 was left
 * Japanese decided to fight to the end, and 4800 Kamikaze aircrafts and 600 Kamikaze boats were created
 * August 6 1945 - Atomic bomb was dropped on **Hiroshima,** killing 71379 people, and injuring more than 68000
 * 4 days later, Atomic bomb 2 was dropped on **Nagasaki,** killing more than 40000
 * Emperor Hirohito then surrenders
 * The war was over

Summary: There was war all over the place in 1942, and countries were getting bombed and taken over very quickly. It seemed that Japan and Germany were going to take over the whole world. However after the Casablanca Conference which followed by the Victory in Africa, the Allies were then in the lead to the victory of WW2. A gruesome war was fought between 2 sides, and the Allies were able to defeat both Germany and Japan, the two large powers opposing world peace in 1945.

Questions: 1. What is the name of the city which Germany could not push past in Russia? 2. Operation Anvil was an operation on which country? 3. What does it mean by total war? 4. With what countries did the saying "the enemy of my enemy is my friend" concern? 5. Which cities of Japan were bombed by the atom bombs?

 Works Cited // The Nuclear Weapon Archive - A Guide to Nuclear Weapons //. Web. 08 Mar. 2011. ."YouTube - Kamikaze." // YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. // Web. 08 Mar. 2011. .