InNo+caroline.norgreen+09.16.10


 * The Legacy of the Revolutionary Era**



The Revolutionary period in France was a big part of the World's History. Napoleon Bonaparte, a huge player in the French Revolution who went from being an officer of a military school in France, to becoming the Emperor of almost the entire Europe. The photos about show Napoleon at one of his most powerful points in history, to his exile to St. Helena, and then finally to his tomb where he still lies in peace till this day. Napoleon has changed to much for even the people in present day. He introduced constitutions to Europe, and also showed them what it was like to live as a nation and have equality and liberty. He has become a real historical icon, and defiantly effected the world we live in today. Even though there were many books published to make him seem more like a hero than he really was, Napoleon is someone who is worth learning about, and someone who should be remembered as both a good and bad influence on the world.


 * Notes - The Legacy of the Revolutionary Era **

Traces of the Revolutionary Era


 * Names of places after Napoleonic wars and streets after famous generals
 * Measures: meters, kilogram, liter – invented by revolutionaries in 1795
 * How to organize society
 * Liberalism
 * Nationalism

Liberalism


 * ‘National Assembly’ started working on the constitution at the start of the revolution
 * Introduced a “Declaration of the Rights of the Man and the Citizen” – gave French citizen equal rights and liberties
 * Important achievement in the revolution
 * When Napoleon conquered Europe – constitutions were introduced into states of French control
 * 1815, defeated Napoleon – rulers took back their thrones – got rid of constitutions
 * Millions became “liberals” believing in ideas of equality and liberty

Nationalism


 * Revolution made France a nation and not a personal property of King Louis XVI
 * Union of 28 million people
 * First act was to set up a National Assembly
 * Then adopted tri-colored flag (red and blue – colors of people of Paris, white – traditional color of the King)
 * Napoleon created nations
 * Italian speakers were brought together under the Roman Republic
 * Poles under the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
 * Millions of Germans became citizen of new nations (300 forced to unite under 30)
 * Many found out what it was like to live in a nation ruled according to a constitution
 * 1815 – rulers met at Vienna – redrew a map of Europe
 * Re-created many states Napoleon destroyed
 * A German Confederation of 39 replaced Napoleon’s Rhine Confederation
 * Belgium, Holland, Luxemburg became a single nation of the Netherlands
 * Re-created map was not based on people’s nationality
 * People living under foreign rule followed example set by Napoleon and started revolution to change how they were ruled

Revolution


 * Liberals and Nationalist started revolution in 1820, 1830, and 1848
 * Germans states – many revolutionaries were students
 * 1830 – 6 countries broke out in revolution
 * Belgian people dislike how the Dutch King ruled them
 * He refused to listen to complaints, so Belgians armed themselves and drove Dutch out
 * 1848 – European countries were shaken by rebellion
 * Hungarians rebelled against Austrian authorities in Budapest
 * Listed demands they wanted authorities to follow
 * Wanted Equality, Liberty, and Fraternity

Images of Revolution


 * Revolution in 1800’s borrowed ideas an images of liberty from French Revolution
 * Image of Liberty created in 1792 – named Marianne
 * Portrays young woman with club in one hand – killed despotism, other hand holds ‘liberty cap’ (became fashionable among // san culottes //)
 * Appeared throughout French Revolution – and again in 1830
 * Later shows her with tricolored flag and a musket
 * Also (most famous) is Statue of Liberty given by France to the US to show friendship between two republics
 * Appears again long after the 1800’s revolutions – also appears in China’s 1989 revolution

Legends and Myths of Revolution


 * Many friends were encouraged to write down everything he said
 * Built up an account of his life and ideas – making him seam heroic and a martyr.
 * They were published and created a reputation for him as a great historical figure
 * 1840 – body taken back to Paris – 100,000 people lined up to pay respects
 * Massive tomb he was reburied in is like any other tourist attraction in Paris
 * Why is he so legendary?
 * Answers come from drawing/painting of him from the time
 * Monuments built to honor his memory
 * His legend spread in many ways
 * 20 franc coins bears his portrait
 * Brand of cigars and brandy named after him
 * Lullabies


 * Summary - **

This chapter mainly explained some of the current effects of the French Revolution. Not only did Napoleon introduce Liberalism and Nationalism into the ideology of current European nations but he also brought in the metric system which is used world wide (apart from USA). It explained how, after Napoleon was defeated, and rulers came together to re-draw Europe, people started following Napoleon's example and started rebellions. When Napoleon had split up land into Nations he has split it up based on language/culture/etc. But when rulers all re-drew it they didn't think about it at all, and thus people again became angry and wanted things to change.


 * Questions - **

Why did so many people gather when his coffin came back? I thought people disliked having him as a Emperor? Is the Statue of Liberty in New York, USA also called Marianne? Did Liberalism and Nationalism not exist before Napoleon?

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