InNo+JerryL+25.10.2010

elections for new parliament: Constituent Assembly //(CA)// Took strict measurement of supplies and industry organization, WAR COMMUNISM:
 * 'Peace at any price'**
 * The first decrees of Sovnarkom** Sovnarkom, Lenin chairman, start changes, great impact
 * 8 November 1917 - a decree on land** 540M of land away from higher classes, given to peasants
 * 8 November - a decree on peace** peace with enemies
 * 12 November - a decree on work** 8h/day, 48h/wk, rules about overtime and holidays
 * 14 November - a decree on unemployment insurance** insurance for injury, illness, and unemployment
 * 1 December - a decree on the press** banned all Non-Bolshevik newspaper
 * 11 December** Banned main liberal library (Constitutional Democratic Party) arrest leaders!!
 * 20 December** political police force **Cheka** deals with enemies of Bolsheviks //(B)//
 * 27 December - a decree on workers' control** factories under control of workers!!
 * 27 December - a decree on banking** all banks under Sovnarkom
 * 31 December - a decree on marriage** religious free weddings, easier divorces
 * The Constituent Assembly**
 * First free elections in Russian history
 * Bolsheviks got owned
 * Socialist Revolutionaries (//SR//) won more than half of seats
 * First meeting of //CA//: 1918 january 18
 * //B// stopped meeting
 * shot protesters
 * close down permanently
 * The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk**
 * Lenin //(L)// needed to end war quickly to maintain support of army
 * 1917 December 3rd, Brest-Litovsk: Peace conference (Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary)
 * Leon Trotsky (//T//) dragged talks, hope for socialist revolution in Germany (9 weeks)
 * L had to complete treaty whatever price due to worsening situations at war (Feb 1918)
 * HARSH TREATY: Russia gives up all western land:
 * 26% people (62M)
 * 27% farmland
 * 26% railways
 * 74% iron ore and coal
 * ALSO 300M gold roubles
 * thought peace would win time to govern country
 * NOT!!!! CIVIL WAR!!!!!!!
 * Civil War and Foreign Intervention**
 * Civil War (May 1918): anti-//B// took Trans-Siberian Railway (Link between east and west)
 * The Czech Legion**
 * May 1918: 45k Czech war prisoners sent home
 * quarrel one the way with local soviet
 * quarrel --> fight
 * Czech took over town
 * more //B// arrive, but more Czechs too
 * Czechs took over all towns + TS railway by end of 1918
 * Opponents of //B// joined Czech Legion
 * set up own government, **Komuch** (Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly)
 * organized People's Army to Moscow
 * raided gold reserve at Kazan (650M!!!)
 * //B// gov (now in Moscow) introduced conscription:
 * men 18-40 --> army
 * //T// in charge of organizing
 * forced Tsar officers to lead army
 * 22k officers, 330k army
 * Reds and Whites**
 * Whites: anti-//B//
 * white --> color of Tsar
 * all those who opposed //B: SR//s, democrats, landlords, nobles
 * end of 1918
 * 4 White Armies attack //B// land
 * helped by Allies (Armies of intervention)
 * mad at //B// for quitting war
 * savage fight
 * Tsar Nicholas family shot (Ekaterinburg, July 1918)
 * Lenin ALMOST killed
 * shot in the neck, back in weeks
 * one week later... CHEKA RED TERROR!!!!!
 * The Red Terror**
 * led by Felix Dzerzhinsky
 * HQ at Lubyanka
 * Cheka agents force info out of prisoners before killing them
 * cruel, even scared loyal //B//s
 * 1918, //T// terror in Red Army: military discipline on PAIN OF DEATH
 * however, //T// was good military leader: made sure Red Army strong and united
 * 1919 Allies withdrawn
 * //T// beat splitting Whites one by one
 * 'One step backwards...' War Communism and The Nep**
 * keep army fed and equipped
 * introduce Communism
 * War Communism**
 * five aspects:
 * Factories under government (Vesenkha), //V// makes decisions
 * Workers under government military discipline on PAIN OF DEATH
 * NO private trading, peasant give all surplus food to government
 * allowed inflation, abolished many payments, encouraged to trade without money
 * food rationed
 * failed No.2 aim
 * due to aspect 3, farmers not motivated
 * food shortage in 1920, famine in 1921
 * killed 7M Russians
 * 25M below standard
 * The New Economic Policy**
 * March 1921:
 * 10k sailors revolt (Kronstadt)
 * War Communism was not what was promised
 * GOV surround Kronstadt with 60k troops
 * bombed sailor HQ
 * sailors killed or shot after capture
 * //L// needed change of policy
 * Abandoned War Communism, introduce NEP
 * pesants could sell surplus food
 * more food produced = less tax
 * Factories fewer than 20 ppl free
 * use money again =D
 * //B// shocked by NEP
 * 1925, Nep started working
 * food production back up
 * The 1923 Constitution**
 * 1923, new constitution
 * rename Russia USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
 * four republics: Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Caucasus
 * own government, own control
 * Moscow in charge of national concerns
 * Lenin's death**
 * Lenin dead in January 1924 due to set of strokes, 53 years old
 * perserved in Red Square

after Bolsheviks took over they started series of decrees, making changes to Russia. Lenin wanted peace at any price for the support of Armies but provoked civil war against the Whites. In the end the Red Army beat the Whites with the help of many cruel methods such as the RED TERROR. Then Lenin started to work Communism into the people of Russia but had to make some capitalism changes to improve plan, resulting to the NEP. But when Russia finally settled down in 1923 as the USSR Lenin died in 1924.
 * Summary**

what does NEP stand for? List the events that could have lead to the civil war in Russia. Compare what the Sovnarkom did to the Constitution Assembly to what the Tsar did to the Dumas. how does this relate to the french revolution? Do you think the Russian revolution was effective? Explain. What does USSR stand for HERE?
 * Questions**

This is a picture of Leon Trotsky, one of the leaders of the Bolsheviks. he is the founder of the Red Army and was exiled later after he was defeated in the competition with Stalin.