InNo+JuneShin+4.10.11

1. Bolsheviks 2.The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggresion pact 3.A Marriage of Convenience 4.Big Three in Tehran 5.Yalta 6.The Division of Germany 7.The Manhattan Project 8.Knowledge Of the Bomb 9.Potsdam 10.Containment 11.The Truman Doctrine 12. Disarray in Postwar Europe 13. XIII The Marshall Plan
 * In Russia 1917, two Revolution happened
 * March group of antisarist want to over threw the regime of Nicholas II and established provisional gov't by Prince Georgy and Lvov and Korensky
 * Korensky gov't was overthrew by Lenin's communist party and used the name of Soviet
 * Lenin's followers are known as Bolsheviks, it tried to represent the majority of the Russian socialist(which it does not)
 * US didn't take care, since the party didn't get clear until Lenin's death and regime of Stalin started with totalitarism in 1928
 * The relation started poor
 * When 1918 US soldiers arrived to support the Allied force, The treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed by Bolsheviks to take out Russia
 * The ideological difference also suggest mistrust between Capitalism and Communsim
 * The Bolsheviks wanted to change Capitalism to Communism: "International Communist State"
 * US send soldiers to fight against Anti-Bolshevik white army but they got defeated in 1920 and USSR was formed 1922
 * Even though US supported Russia Famine and did trade during Lenin's NEP they didn't recognize them until 1933
 * Under NEP big economic enterprise went under the control of Soviet only small Business were permitted
 * Stalin's Five year plan lead Soviet further the control of economics
 * The first five-year plan was development on heavy industry
 * Franklin.R figured out nonrecognition didn't made any sense, because it didn't stop communism and they can not get the control of there business and other world issue was happened
 * FDR invited Russian foreign Ministry to make a diplomatic pact
 * As WW2 came close Stalin made a decision to join Nazi, especially the fighting against them that lead them to sign a secret pact after Germany started invading
 * It was a delaying tactic for both since they were not ready to fight until 1942 because USSR still on the 5 year plan and for Germany they avoid fighting East after getting Britain but they can get it which lead fighting in 1941
 * In 1941 FDR passed Land-Lease act which release military to fight against Germany and Japan
 * The purpose is to keep Britain and China until US to be isolated they also helped Soviet
 * While they tried to improve the relationship between both Russia and Us using propaganda it had no result in improvement
 * Russia asked US for opening the western front to prevent Germany
 * Wijnston Churchill disagreed with the plan since it could go bad so he went to Washington to talk which lead US to help North Africa resulted in upsetting Stalin since they are losing to Hitler
 * Churchill didn't want to upset Russia so he went to Russia to negotiate soon figured out they need to form a pact
 * After Stalin was forced to agree Churchill and FDR postponed the invasion of France, until they clear Germany in Africa since this gave more time for them
 * The factor that resulted them was Britain economic interest in Mediterrean which lead them to invade Sicily, this lead Stalin to get dubious about there allies
 * In 1943 Tehran the Big three met to discuss
 * FDR used this chance to test with gruffy USSR
 * They have discuss the most serious issue including status of defeat in Russia by Germany but the focus was new cross channel invasion plan code-named overload will take in 1944
 * Big three met in Yalta discussed mainly four point
 * 1.Organization to proceed League of Nation
 * 2.Status in Germany
 * 3.Eastern Europe
 * 4.USSR join the Pacific War
 * Stalin know his strength, FDR didn't stop Stalin
 * Respect to UN, Stalin wants veto power for permanent sit for UN and Belorussia and Ukraine.He also want recognition in Lublin which was exiled from London
 * From a defeat of Germany they wanted 10 billion dollar worth of Industrial reparement
 * They finally want the land back from Russo-Jap war and he want to leave the annex
 * Roosevelt and Churchill agreed with most of the demand since they can do little after declaring the war and they fought hard for 4 years Stalin got the total control over Russia
 * Russia already occupied Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary and Poland
 * US and Britain signed the text of Yalta with mainly blank
 * When US and Britain crossed the Rhine River Allied supreme commander had 3 plan
 * Capturing the Ruhr Valley
 * Preventing Germany to withdraw to Bavarian Alps
 * Preventing USSR force thats moving back
 * This letter was send to Stalin but Churchill got angered after this because political subtext was clear British had scant leverage while the force was going for Berlin
 * After they began attacking Berlin, SS leaving their position was killed and Hitler suicide
 * When Germany tried to surrender, Truman wants surrender of all the front, after it separated Germany into 4 occupation zone which was determined by joint comission
 * It was originally 3 but french stepped in
 * After president FDR's death President Truman get the position
 * As a senator he was too low to take the Manhattan project about the atomic bomb
 * In four month it is completed which is the worth weapon in the universe
 * The main idea originated from 1939 Hungarian emigre Leo Sizilard, the first physicist found nuclear chain reaction persuaded his friend Albert Einstein to make a weapon out of it and when Germany bombarment weapon by 1938 by Fritz Strassman which they confirm
 * The atomic bomb was supervised by Maj Gen.Leslie R Grove of the Army Engineering with J. Robert Opperheimer directing the scientific worker
 * December 1942, the major step was taken toward, when they first developed first controlled chain reaction other part they designed uranium to put in nuclear weapon
 * 1945 the US find out Britain know about the bomb but Soviet didn't know anything about the bomb
 * Summer of 1944 the Scientist Niel Bohr had a private meeting to inform about the Soviet about the nuclear bomb since they could participate in post-war nuclear bomb
 * They still questioned whether to confirm the nuclear power it was still discussed in Interim Committee to advice president's nuclear policy they wanted to test it out first.
 * The Japanese cities were targeted as the bombing to take place in Nagasaki and Hiroshima the most destructive power could be demonstrative
 * The president appointed a secretary to send the terms of surrender to Japan
 * They had more aim to use the atomic bomb then just a mercy of the Japan, but to test the bomb since they have never used it before
 * Truman traveled to Berlin to meet Stalin and Churchill to discuss about the final terms for surrender
 * Truman wanted to do two thing invade Japan and test the Nuclear Weapon
 * Stalin agreed to join the Pacific War to support the allies
 * Truman elated that it was different when August 15 when USSR joined the war it was different but he changed his opinion by trying to finish the war before USSR intervention and said it was the perfect opportunity to use Manhattan project
 * Truman only tell the weapon of Stalin just before a weak just saying a destructive weapon, Stalin didn't even care about it
 * Stalin probably knew about the weapon because of the espionage and USSR is making their own weapon at this time
 * Soviet's entry of the war seek the use of the atomic bomb which Stalin faced.
 * After the drop of the bomb of the bomb American-Soviet pact doesn't exist anymore
 * The map of USSR was changed USSR let Poland as a independent state but added Latvia,Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Chezcoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania
 * Us and USSR lacked a formal relation, Kennan of Us embassy in Moscow post the Long telegram known as Containment that become postwar policy
 * After getting back he write a foreign policy of x
 * Kennan's policy had two main goals of USSR
 * 1.Spreading Communism
 * 2.Spread of Marxist- Leninism is not important in USSR but other country is important
 * Kennan discussed the four main region: Japan,middle east, western hemisphere and western europe
 * Kennan state if Us keep enforce the pressure, military is not required for the war
 * Truman could do little to liberated territory in the USSR, they are the major power in the Europe but the spread is a different story especially the nonaligned country
 * When the Greece civil war was going on, communist led revolt was against western-government
 * Turkish government was fighting against the Dardanell from Soviet which give them Black sea
 * First British said they tried to aid the two country but 1947 they informed they couldn't afford it
 * But US only can provide a minimal support to both countries to keep them out of soviet sphere
 * When they seek aid they meet with the congressional leader he suggest the Domino theory
 * If they fall other country will follow such as India and Iran that lead them to lead 400 hundred million aid to two country
 * This lead Truman to speak about the Doctrine about they will gonna support economically and military against Communism
 * The major power met together and discuss the future of the Germany
 * The re-unified government chosen from election, but France are fearing of USSR and Germany
 * Despite Moscow conference, dispute was going on over war reparation permitted to reunified Germany whether the steel and coal factory should be under international control and how strengthen the government be.
 * No decision was made during the conference that Marshall convinced that Soviet want the typical situation with one other party to be involved only aggravate the upcoming disarray
 * Indeed, the situation in Western Europe is keep getting worth and worth they didn't had enough food and severe damage was resulted from the war
 * This could be easily found in Europe resulting Britain to stop aiding country and which give soviets more opportunity to change other nation
 * In Order to stay after next border they have to built and investigate more on the economy of Germany


 * On June 1947, Secretary General Marshall outlined the foreign policy problem that US faced the Europe
 * They need a lot of aid from PES from other nation so he come up with a plan a joint recovery plan based on the principle of self-help, resourcing share and german reintegration;us can fund it
 * It was taken by British and French Ministers which issued a joint communique from 22 nations and representative from occupied german to help out
 * 16country+soviet and 5 country started helping them out
 * Stalin oppose this plan for several reasons- vision of integrated European market, but other see it as a anti postwar stabilization which added tension
 * European plan presented ERP for the base of recovery, cost them 17billon dollars
 * Some agreed with the plan but some go against it
 * After Soviet agreed with the plan they started the plan of ERP

14.The Berlin Airlift

15.Nato and the Warsaw pact 16.The Hiss Case 17.Mccarthyism
 * Since Soviet didn't really wanted to help unstable Germany, America and British wanted to make it clear
 * 1947 they already have created a political unit called Bizonia in their occupied Germany
 * French agreed and c reared Trizonia
 * Us and Britain keep try to create a independent state in western Germany, they created new currency;Deutsche mark, it was the most important part of the economic recovery since the original currency was worthless
 * So before 1948 they used black market and traded good via black market
 * After the new currency the Soviet cut off the road rail, water and halting the food and fuel and other vital necessities which lead other country to protest for the enter of the region
 * American and British only had a one option to use a massive airlift to carry the supplies they need for West Berlin
 * According to Truman and Marshall militarization of Cold war is unnecessary
 * Soviet will not spread their region to Eastern Europe, with the Economical and political pressure if us makes a military alliance Soviet will follow
 * They are still feared by this because Us have demobilize the forces but Russia kept their extensive force
 * Treaty of Brussels-mutual defense but they need US's help to get Soviet
 * They US and Eastern european allies made a permanent military alliance which is NATO and the five Treaty of Brussels states forming member of Canada,Italy, Denmark ,Norway, Iceland and Portugal last three was suggested by US and additional member was Greece and Turkey
 * The additional country was difficult to be added, while Nato couldn't possibly fill enough force to resist Soviet
 * The alliance are distasteful for some countries and knew that Soviet will react negatively when germany enter Nato USSR formed Warsaw Treaty Organization
 * The times magazine editor was called to testify before House of Un-American Activities Committee
 * He told he use to be a Communist Committee in Washington he reported former state department official who Alge Hiss was a member who have accompanied FDR to Yelta
 * He denied everything but it seemed been Chamber is lying so Hiss got back off
 * Nixon asked Chamber again privately and decided that he was telling the truth
 * They were put back and they were Televisioned it ended with Hiss as a communist espionage and was served in Jail for 2 yrs
 * Whether Hiss was guilty or not this topic is still debatable which gab a big psychological impact, that shows the Communist is not trusted and no nation's public people can be trusted
 * Nixon became famous during Hiss case and he could be nominated to Senator, he focused on the point that he can face Communism and using pink sheet people who is communism
 * After being a senator he join McCarthy of Wisconsin who was trying to make anticommunist
 * The night 1950 McCarthy delivered a Lincoln's day speech calling he have the red-list with 205 people in the State Department
 * This driven US into Communist hysteria for next decade, known as McCarthy
 * The mater of fact that the real list exist or not the successive launch of the Soviet Atomic bomb and Chinese Victory made people more fear

18. NSC-68
 * US congress passed the National Security Act of 1947 which reorganized the government military and foreign policy establishment
 * The New law streamlined the new armed force by Navy into single Department of Defense or created CIA and lso NSC
 * In 1950 Truman wants NSC to conduct a review of US national security strategy in light of such recent development as the Soviet bomb and communism in China.
 * Resulted NSC-68 delivered to Truman, which summarize Us will react when other country take any action
 * Start with two premise of the major power and USSR was "animated by a new fanatic faith antithetical to our own" and end with massive military buildup but Keenan disagreed it
 * Kennan was winning however when North Korea attacked Korea they buildup it's army

Question

1. How does the tension between USSR and USA gradually gotten worth? 2. When does the Cold WAR officially started? 3. Is Cold War fight over Nuclear weapon? Why does Nuclear Weapon impact the Cold-War and what effect does atomic bomb that was used in Japan gave to Russia? 4. Does Cold War result US in fear of the Communism,why US tried to prevent the spread for example aiding South Korea during the war? 5. Why does US Security of Defense said during Cold War Military is unnecessary?

Summary

This document summarize the event how the Cold War was started and relationship keep getting worth. There was no direct conflict between the two nation USSR and US however the event such as Nuclear bomb, Soviet-Nazi Pact during those event which lead up to World War started to make them fear of each other even though they fought in Allies.During the war from most of the meeting from meeting such as Tehran and Yalta but US and USSR didn't fully share their actions.After the War when Communist are starting to spread their ideology US supported other country to confront them and during German division US tried there best to stay next to Germany. Later the Hiss case gave psychological effect of fear of Communism in National public.

Awesomeness This picture shows how McCarthy is holding a list of Communist in 1950 speaking for West Virginia Republican Women and he evoke the list of communist at public's national. No one knows the list is true or not but it illustrated the fear of communism of US citizen and the country US. This gradually tensioned the cold war between two nation. http://portal.saschina.org/video/media/25851/Berlin_Airlift/ This video shows when the Germany cut the all the supply line and the road to West Germany US and Britain have use aircraft to carry the supplies to re-built Germany.The USSR didn't want's a stabilized Germany. This comic shows how fear of Communism in US citizens,this added their hatred toward Communism