InNo+shynricpx2013+09.13.10

WORLD HISTORY InNo pg. Chapter 4

=__ Awesome Stuff __=

=__ Notes __=


 * Napoleon conquers Europe: **


 * Napoleon defeated the Coalitions armies in battles in central Europe
 * in 1805 he crushed the Austrian armies at Ulmand Austerlitz
 * Prussians joined Coalitions in 1806, however Napoleon defeated them in battles of Eylau and Friedland
 * 1807, Napoleon made the Italian states of Tuscany and Parma into French provinces
 * 1809, he took the illyrian provinces and the Papal states
 * in 1810, he added Holland and Northeast Germany to the empire
 * He made changes to the countries that shared borders with it
 * in 1808 he occupied much of Spain, and in Europe he forced the rulers of many small german states to join their lands together
 * reduced the number of German states from 300 to 30
 * 1806, he brought the leading German rulers together in a union called the Confederation of the Rhine with himself as the head
 * this formed a barrier between France and its enemies


 * The Rule of Bonapartes: **
 * Napoleon could not govern all the land he had conquered by himself, so he shared it with his family
 * his brother became the kings of Holland, Westphalia and Spain. his stepson became viceroy of Italy, and his brother in law became king of Naples
 * His sisters were given smaller Italian states to rule
 * the Bonaparte family made many changes to the lands they ruled
 * They reformed laws that were out of date, got rid of feudal rights, took away land from the church, and modernized the way their states were governed
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">French ideas on how to run a country spread throughout Europe


 * The cost of French rule: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">There were benefits from Napoleons rule over the countries
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">the lives of the people were better, and the only losses were due to the wars Napoleon fought
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleon payed for the wars by taxing people
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">half the money were from the countries under his control
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">a lot of money was saved during the war, because many of the french took and used what they needed from villages they took over


 * Resistance and rebellion: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Europeans hated the French control over them, in 1808 Spaniards rebelled against the French
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The French dealt with the rebels by burning down their village, and killing hundreds of people


 * Napoleon and Britain: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Britain was one of the most powerful countries that were not taken over by France yet. Therefore it becamse Napoleons highest priority
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">between 1803 and 1805, he gathered a massive army of england along the channel coast, ready to invade Britain
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2443 boats were built, 193000 men and 9149 horses across the channel
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The French needed control of the channel for atleast four days, without it the invasion fleet would be attacked by the British navy
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleons admirals tried to lure the British navy away into the far ocean, the plan worked however Napoleon decided to postpone the invasion
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Austrian armies were marching towards France, in order to stop this, Napoleon ordered the England army to cut them off
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The result of the battle of Ulm on october 20th
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Although Napoleon won the battle at Ulm, he had lost the chance to invade Briatain
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">At the time, in the battle of Trafalgar 21st october 1805, out of 33 warships, only 9 escaped
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">this meant the French navy had no chance to hold onto the channel, and therefore no invasion


 * The contiental system: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He issued an order called the Berlin Decree, forbidding the states under his control to trade with Britain
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">His aim was to force Britain to surrender, by ruining its trade
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The blockade of British stuff known as the continental system immediately dropped the quantity of goods imported and exported from Britain
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1807, because the Portragal refused to stop trade with the Britans, Napoleons sent forces to invade Portragal
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Spanish started to rebel against the French, and the Britains started to fight too
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Britains sent its troops to Spain's peninsula, and fought against the French in the "peninsular war"
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">in 1810, Russia decided to open trade with the British again and so Napoleon decided to invade Russia


 * The Russian campaign: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleon gathered a grand army of 655000 men to invade Russia in 1812. The Russian armies retreated before the onslaught, after defeating them in the battle of Borodino
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">after defeating them, Napoleon went into the capital, Moscow, september 1812
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">This looked like a great triumph, however it wasnt. only two months later, his men were on retreat, and by the time they crossed the border back to europe, only 50000 were still alive. The Grand Army had been wiped out
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Russians did all they could to stop the French army from finding food. and so the French army starved as they marched into Russia
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">During the 6 months of Russian campaign, 370000 French soldiers died in battle, illness or of the cold. 200000 were taken prisoner, and 200000 horses had died


 * The Fall of Napoleon: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Russia, Sweden, Prussia, and britain joined forces in 1813 and drove the French out of Europe. when they saw the French retreating, the Austrians and Germans joined the Coalition
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">by 1814, they had driven the French right back into France, with nearly all the countries in Europe against him, Napoleon was forced to surrender in 1814


 * Elba: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Allies allowed Napoleon to stay emperor, however sent him into exile on island Elba
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">For nearly a year, Napoleon ran the Island like a country
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He created a tiny army, opened some mines and helped farmers improve their land
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">However he became restless and unhappy, when he heard that Louis XVIII was becomeing unpopular and decided to go back to France
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">In July 1815, he secretly sailed from Elba and landed in southern France. Louis fled while crowds cheered Napoleon all the way to Paris, where he set up his empire


 * The Hundred days: **
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleons empire lasted 95 days.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The leaders of Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia put together an army of almost a million men to crush Napoleon
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Instead of wait for the attack, Napoleon marched into Belgium leading his 122000 men
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He beat one of the Prussian armies on june 16th and then attacked a british army at waterloo, in Belgium
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">on june 18th, British reinforcements by Prussians, defeated his attack
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleon fled from battlefield and returned to Paris
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Napoleon abdicated on june 22nd, because he could not get the assembly to go on his side.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He was sent to the island of st helena in south atlantic
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He died in 1821