InNo+seank2013+09.04.10

=Revolution in France= toc Chapter 2: Revolution & Terror, 1789 - 1794 Pages 28-38 (26-36 on scanned)

A video summarizing this part of the book. media type="youtube" key="EyLZuHIR3JE?fs=1" height="385" width="480"

**Notes**

I. Revolution, 1789

 * 1) National Assembly was a victory for the third estate but a defeat for the king
 * 2) The king lost control of the Estate General and was soon losing the capital
 * 3) Louis sent 20 thousand troops into Paris to keep order but people thought he was trying to break apart the National Assembly
 * 4) On July 20th, the people's fear grew
 * 5) Louis sacked the finance minister and replaced him with a person who opposed the third estate
 * 6) Angry and frightened crowds looked for weapons to protect themselves from the king's troops
 * 7) they looked for guns for two days and stole thousands of guns

II. The storming of the Bastille

 * 1) Bastille was the prison where the king's sealed letters sent people to.
 * 2) Parisians hated the Bastille.
 * 3) People heard stories that said there were dark, stinking dungeons, torture chambers, and masked prisoners chained to the walls for life.
 * 4) The fortress, to them, was a symbol of the king's power which they all hated.
 * 5) They broke in the courtyard and threatened to blow down the gates. The governor of the fortress gave in to the angry crowd and let down the drawbridge.
 * 6) The Parisians didn't want a surrender though. They wanted to destroy the symbol of the king's power. They killed every defender as well as smashing anything in their way.
 * 7) By evening, the Bastille was theirs.

III. The king loses control

 * 1) To keep order in Paris, the king allowed the people to create their own military force, the **National Guard**
 * 2) To run the city, the third estate leading officials created a new government, the **Paris Commune**
 * 3) Towns and cities all over France followed Paris's example, rioting and taking over the royal officials as well as setting up their own National Guard and Paris Commune.

IV. The Great Fear

 * 1) In the countryside, millions were hungry and unemployment was high.
 * 2) In many places, rumors spread which made the peasants very angry. These were
 * 3) Nobles payed gangs of wanderers to attack the farms and terrorize the peasants.
 * 4) Nobles were hoarding grain in order to starve the peasants
 * 5) The peasants responded to these rumors by not paying their feudal dues.
 * 6) In some places, they stormed into their lords homes and burned records of their dues.
 * 7) As violence spread, fears of gangs increased.
 * 8) Villagers who thought they saw gangs rang the church bell to warn neighboring villages.
 * 9) By late July, the whole country was gripped by a **Great Fear**

V. Assembly begins its work

 * 1) On the night of August 4th, nobles one by one, started giving up their feudal rights and dues.
 * 2) By the next morning feudalism was abolished.
 * 3) Three weeks later, the assembly issued a 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
 * 4) It gave people the right to speak in public
 * 5) It changed the laws of arrest and imprisonment, and banned torture.
 * 6) Above all it said that all the people of the France had equal power, not just the king.

**VI. Women March to Versailles**

 * 1) Louis XVI didn't like the decisions made by the assembly.
 * 2) He refused to sign them, which didn't make these official laws.
 * 3) Then in October, he brought more soldiers in to 'bodyguard' the Versailles
 * 4) Again, this looked like Louis was going to break apart the assembly by force.
 * 5) When news of this reached Paris, market women gathered in streets collecting weapons and on October 5th, they marched to Versailles to protest.
 * 6) Supported by National Guard, they complained to the king about the price of bread and the extra soldiers in the Versailles.
 * 7) They asked him to leave Versailles and come live with them in Paris.
 * 8) He didn't want to go.
 * 9) Louis changed his mind when a group of women broke into the Versailles and killed two guards, also threatening to kill the queen.
 * 10) On October 6th, Louis, Marie Antoinette, and their oldest son travelled in a coach to paris.
 * 11) They were surrounded by a crowd of 60 000 people. The Versailles was then locked and boarded up.
 * 12) From then on, they lived in the Tuileries Palace

**VII. King's and the Assembly 1789 - 1792**

 * 1) For two years, the assembly made new reforms for France

**VIII. The reform of the church**

 * 1) A growing number of people thought the church had too much power, land and money.
 * 2) They also thought that the clergy lived an unholy life.
 * 3) Millions of others were God-fearing Catholics who didn't want to question the way the Church was run.
 * 4) In 1790, the assembly created a law saying that priests and bishops should be elected by public officials.
 * 5) Over half of the clergy opposed this and said that the assembly had no right to interfere with the Church's affaires
 * 6) The pope supported their protest by condemning the law.
 * 7) From then on the clergy was divided between **those who took the oath and supported the revolution** and **those who refused the oath and opposed the revolution**.
 * 8) Before long, the entire nation was divided in question of the Church's power.

**IX. The flight to Varennes**

 * 1) Louis XVI didn't like the Civil Constitution and joined the sides of the clergy who refused the oath.
 * 2) This made it look like, again, that he opposed the revolution.
 * 3) Angry crowds protested at the gates of the Tuileries Palace
 * 4) This time, the royal family decided to leave France.
 * 5) They wanted to get assistance from French Princes and Marie Antoinette's brother who was the emperor of Austria.
 * 6) Using their power, they wanted to reclaim their thrown in France.
 * 7) The assembly, however, already suspected that Louis was going to escape so there were National guards at every door at the palace.
 * 8) On **June 21, 1791**, Louis and his family, all in disguise, made their way out of the palace through a temporarily unguarded door.
 * 9) They were nearly at Montmedy when they were recognized. They were sent back to Paris the next day.
 * 10) Crowds of people shouted insults and spat at their windows.

**X. The road to war**

 * 1) The flight to Varennes was the first step to the road to war.
 * 2) Believing that Louis and Marie Antoinette was now in danger, Emperor Leopold issued a statement to help them gain their liberty and power.
 * 3) Leopold actually had no intention of attack France but no one in Paris knew that.
 * 4) Soon people began to think that war was inevitable.
 * 5) People who opposed Louis wanted war because they thought it would force him to show exactly whose side he was on.
 * 6) If Louis took side of the invaders, or Leopold, then they would be able to dethrone him and make France a republic
 * 7) **Republic** is a country in which the people hold power through an assembly and a president who they elect.

Summary
King Louis the sixteenth is losing power as the third estate and the National Assembly is increasing power. Having sacked an important and favorable minister, the third estate went rampaging in Paris and stormed into the prison of Bastille. In one day, they over took the prison and killed all the guards. To keep control of Paris, the king allowed the people to create their own military force called the **National Guard**. Towns and cities all over France followed their example, rampaging and overtaking the Royal guards. This began the great fear... *fear of violence*. The national assembly starts making their own government but Louis doesn't approve of them. Because the king has to approve laws in order to make them official, the people had to threaten the king in order to get their laws approved. The first act of this was the **Women March to Versailles**. For two years, the assembly made changes and reforms. These included reforms of the Church. But since the clergy had so much power, and they didn't want the way things were to change, they were on the side of not supporting the revolution. Then, the clergy was divided into two, those who supported and those who didn't. Louis didn't like the constitution the assembly was making and joined side with the clergy who refused to take the oath. It, again, seemed like he opposed the revolution. Angry crowds protested at the Versailles and this time, the Royal Family decided to leave France. They tried to get assistance from the emperor of Austria to reclaim their thrown in France. They were caught on their escape and now, the people realized they were on a road to war. Emperor Leopold of Austria issued a statement to help the Royal family in France to gain their liberty and power making it sound like he was going to attack France. But no one knew he wasn't going to. People began to think that war was inevitable. To them it seemed that if Louis joined side with the invaders, they could once and for all take over France and make it to a republic.

Question(s)
Why did Louis risk their reputation and life during the flight to Varennes, when he could've tried to listen to the National Assembly and cooperate.