InNo+seank2013+02.28.11

=Part 3: The Global War, 1942-45= =Awesome= This is a picture I made using photoshop showing all the major events of the intense battles. You can see the major countries that the wars took place in was Europe, Africa, Soviet Union and the Far East. It's kind of interesting to see the big picture drawn like this.

A world war II powerpoint I found online explains some extra information like what fascism and totalitarism is. It has complementary photos that go with each information given so its very visual and nice. It's embedded below.

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A PREZI:D that I found shows some background information of the key players of the second world war. It has Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, Hitler, and others. It also has some information on the attacks and invasions like the Attack of Pearl harbor and the Battle of the Midway. Very cool!

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=Notes [part 3]=

__The War in Europe__

 *  British forces were forced out of Europe in 1940 so Britain could only make war on German forces by bombing them from the air.
 *  German forces also could only attack the British forces by bombing them because of the failure of their invasion plans.
 *  1940-42
 *  Bomb each other’s factories, ports and railways.
 *  These were called **precision bombing** but they did not achieve their aim.
 *  1942
 *  ** Britain Royal Air Force ** tried **area bombing**: attacking populated area.
 *  Devised by ** Air Chief Marshal Arthur Harris **
 *  Tried to destroy their will to fight
 *  May 1942 [air force]
 *  1000 aircrafts attacked the German city of Cologne.
 *  2.5km2 of Cologne were set on fire
 *  250 factories were damaged or destroyed
 *  45 000 people were made homeless
 *  August 1942 [ground force] **Dieppe** **Raid**
 *  6000 Canadian-British soldiers tried to seize the French port of Dieppe
 *  Failed to capture any of the German strongpoints
 *  4384 were killed, wounded or taken prisoner
 *  34 ships, 24 tanks and 106 aircrafts were destroyed
 *  Germans only lost 600 men

__The War in Africa__

 *  1942: began badly for British in Africa
 *  ** Axis ** forces led by **General Rommel** drove British **Eighth Army** out of Libya
 *  Britain’s Mediterranean base was being attacked by German bombers and starved by U-boat attacks on supply ships.
 *  Rommel’s army used up all its supplies however
 *  Allowed British to re-organize their forces
 *  ** General Montgomery ** took charge of the **Eighth Army**,
 *  Organized **Operation Torch** to attack Rommel’s army from behind.
 *  1942 Summer
 *  October: Montgomery had 230 000 men against Rommel’s 80 000, and 1 440 tanks against the German’s 540.
 *  **Battle of El Alemein**
 *  Montgomery took 30 000 prisoners and chased the rest back into the middle of Libya by the end of the year
 *  Four days later **Operation Torch** began
 *  It failed, allies’ soldiers lacked experience, they were short of supplies, and rain bogged their vehicles down.
 *  End of 1942: Germans strengthening their defenses in North Africa
 *  Allies at a standstill

__The War in the Soviet Union__

 *  Start of 1942: Soviet Red Army struck first, aiming to relieve the besieged cities of Leningrad and Sevastopol, and to recapture Kharkov.
 *  250 000 soviet troops were taken prisoner
 *  ** Stalingrad **
 *  Huge city, major city, communications center
 *  For 3 months, Germans and Soviets fought a desperate battle for Stalingrad
 *  Germany could no take it
 *  Soviet forces broke through the German lines north and south of Stalingrad, trapping 278 000 Germans inside the city.

__The War in the Far East__

 *  **Battle of the Coral Sea** [Japan try to capture Moresby, New Guinea]
 *  Americans sank or damaged all three Japanese aircraft carriers that wanted to capture Port Moresby, New Guinea
 *  **Battle of Midway**
 *  Americans severely damaged Japanese naval power [Japanese try to attack Americans]
 *  296 aircraft shot down
 *  3 500 men killed
 *  **Battle of Guadalcanal**
 *  Americans faced great difficulty in driving the Japanese off the Pacific Islands
 *  Ended with 8 500 dead allied troops 7 000 Japanese
 *  1942 ended the Far East expansion

Chapter 9: The turning points of 1943

 *  **Casablanca Conference**
 *  **Roosevelt** and **Churchill** announced that their aim was to force Germany, Italy and Japan into unconditional surrender

__Stalingrad__

 *  Surrounded German troops
 *  Surrendered with 91 000 soldiers and 24 generals
 *  Hitler was mad
 *  Germany badly weakened

__Allied Victory in North Africa__

 *  After three years of fighting in the desert, the Allies controlled North Africa and the Mediterranean
 *  Allies invade Sicily, Mussolini was forced to resign and was replaced by General Badoglio.
 *  Wanted to occupy Italy without a fight but Hitler sent German troops into Italy to resist them.
 *  By the end of 1943 they had been halted by German’s **Gustav Line** of defense

__Bomber offensive__

 *  In northern Europe, British bombers continued to **area bomb**.
 *  Bombs created a **fire storm** in which super-heated winds of hurricane force tore up trees, bowled cars over, set streets on fire and incinerated people hiding in air-raid shelters.
 *  Killed 50 000 people
 *  Sent a million people from Hamburg as refugees.
 *  American force and Russian force dropped 207 000 tons of bombs on Germany
 *  German dropped 2320 tons

__Turning point at Kursk__

 *  **Battle of Kursk**
 *  Two million men, 30 000 guns and 6 000 tanks faced each other.
 *  Red Army prevented the Germans from advancing more than 30 km.
 *  On July 12, 850 Soviet tanks counterattacked in the greatest and most savage tank battle of the war.
 *  More than 300 German tanks were destroyed before Hitler called off the assault.
 *  From then on, the Soviets were able to make continuous attacks against the Germans.

__Displaced people__

 *  Millions of people left their homes fleeing to save their lives
 *  400 000 people of German descent were sent in 1941 to live in distant Siberia
 *  10 million soviet workers were taken with their factories to areas of the country beyond the reach of the Germans.

__Concentration camps__

 *  Prisoner elimination
 *  Kill everyone [especially Jews]

__The ‘Final Solution’__

 *  Most prisoners in concentration camps were Jews.
 *  Stripped of their rights, forced out of work
 *  Lived in ghettoes
 *  **Final solution**
 *  Mass murder of the Jews with gas chambers

__Partisans and Resistance__

 *  Civilians formed armed bands to resist invaders.
 *  In Yugoslavia and Soviet Union they were known as the **Partisans**
 *  In France and the Low Countries they were known as the **Resistance**

__Total war in unoccupied lands__

 *  Millions of British and German civilians risked death or mutilation from the bombs
 *  In the United States, people’s lives were changed by the economic demands of war.
 *  The **Great Depression** of the 1930’s vanished as American, Canadian, British, and other Allied industries expanded to provide the goods and weapons of war.
 *  By 1943 these countries had achieved full employment of their labor forces.

__Retreat in Italy__

 *  Allies attacked the **Gustav Line**
 *  Only way through it was blocked by **Mont Cassino** a mountain with a monastery on its summit.
 *  Allies bombed it into rubble but could not drive German defenders
 *  Another allied force landed at **Anzio** to attack the Gustav Line from behind but German reinforcements arrived and stopped their advancement.
 *  May 1944: Broke through Gustav Line
 *  German forces made a second defense zone: **Gothic Line**
 *  Bad weather and fierce German resistance kept the allies back from Autumn of 1944 to April 1945
 *  The Italian campaign was a costly one but it helped tie down German troops needed to defend Germany against an even greater Allied invasion: **Operation Overlord**

__Second front in France__

 *  **Operation Overlord** aimed to transport an allied army from England to France and open a second front in Europe.
 *  It was code-named **D-Day**
 *  June 1944: 4 000 ships and landing craft carried 176 000 soldiers and their equipment
 *  Escorted by 600 warships and protected in the air by 2 500 bombers and 7 000 fighter planes.
 *  Between June and December
 *  2.1 million Allied soldiers had invaded northern France.
 *  **Operation Anvil**
 *  An invasion of southern France in August opened another front
 *  By September, allies had driven the Germans out of France

__The air war continues__

 *  Hitler refuses to admit defeat
 *  ** V-1 aircraft **
 *  Small, pilotless plane carrying a ton of high explosive, fired from launching ramps in France and the Low Countries.
 *  Allies also increased their bombing attacks on Germany in 1944
 *  Eventually the allies won control of the skies over Germany during 1944
 *  From September onwards they were regularly making ‘thousand bomber raids’ on German cities and oil installations

__Battle of the Bulge__

 *  **Battle of the Bulge**
 *  Allies halted the Germans and drove them back to their starting point.
 *  Germany lost 120 000 men, 600 tanks 1 600 aircraft

__The War in the Soviet Union__

 *  German retreat from the Soviet Union
 *  Pushed Germans back to Warsaw, capital of Poland
 *  From August to the end of the year, Soviet forces advanced into the Balkans.
 *  Faced with defeat, Romania and Bulgaria deserted Germany and joined the Allies
 *  Advancing Yugoslavia, the Soviets liberated Belgrade in October.
 *  In November they had entered Greece and by Christmas had encircled Budapest, capital of Hungary.
 *  1944 thus ended with the Soviets poised to strike at Germany itself.

__‘Victory disease’__

 *  Japan had taken too much for their own control
 *  They had to control 350 million Asian people living on thousands of islands separated by 100 million km2 of ocean.

__‘Island hopping’__

 *  Americans divided their forces into three areas of command, under Admiral Nimitz, Admiral Halsey and General MacArthur
 *  **Island Hopping**: Drive Japanese from each group of islands back towards the Philippines and the Japanese home islands
 *  **South-East Asia Command**
 *  Aim to drive Japanese from India back into Burma

__Economies at war__

 *  America had better economy and more people to build guns and ammo, outnumbered the Japanese
 *  The capture of Marianas Islands in 1944 brought the US air force within bombing range of Japanese home islands for the first time in the war
 *  Bombed Tokyo-Nagoya-Osaka
 *  The production of war materials dropped even further.

__No surrender__

 *  Japan kept on fighting.
 *  **Battle of the Philippine Sea**
 *  435 aircraft were sent, 400 destroyed
 *  The Japanese army fought with bravery to defend the islands they occupied
 *  Few were taken prisoner because they thought surrendering was dishonorable
 *  **Battle of Leyte Gulf**
 *  Largest naval battle in history
 *  Used **kamikaze** aircraft against American ships.[suicidal bombing]
 *  Fighter planes filled with high explosive.
 *  The more the Japanese were forced to retreat, the more fiercely they fought

__Victory in Europe__

 *  Germany had to fight on three fronts in 1945
 *  Soviet army
 *  Allied forces
 *  Italy Allied forces
 *  **Operation Thunderclap**
 *  Aimed to destroy Germans’ will to fight with a final, gigantic bomber offensive.
 *  Destroyed nearly every city in Germany
 *  However did not stop German will to fight
 *  Did not destroy German economy
 *  Had not won the war
 *  On April 11: western Allies reached the River Elbe
 *  On April 16: Soviets crossed the Oder and advanced to the capital: Berlin encircling it on the 25th
 *  ** Hitler ** was ill and isolated committed suicide on April 30th

__The defeat of Japan__

 *  Continued to ‘island-hop’
 *  **Luzon**: largest Philippine island, 200 000 Japanese were killed
 *  **Iwo Ima**: only 200 of its 22 000 defenders were alive
 *  **Okinawa**: 107 000 Japanese dead, 7 394 American
 *  Despite homelessness, hunger and industrial collapse created by bombing, the Japanese prepared in 1945 to fight to the end.
 *  4 million men in armed forces
 *  America did not want to lose soldiers like they did in Iwo Jima, Okinawa so they dropped a newly-invented atomic bomb on the city of ** Hiroshima **
 *  Killed 71 379 of its citizens and injuring 68 000 more
 *  4 days later another atomic bomb flattened the city of ** Nagasaki **
 *  Killing 40 000 people
 *  On September 2, 1945 they surrendered to General Douglas MacArthur in Tokyo.

WAR IS FINALLY OVER! OMGODD

Summary
The Allies and the Axis powers continually threaten each others existence by sending powerful aircrafts, ships, tanks, gunned soldiers to each other's nations. Millions of people, from countries around the world were killed, both innocent and guilty. Persistent forces of Germany and Japan kept the allies at bay of their defenses. But they couldn't defend forever and they eventually lost. Both nations were bombed to ash.

Questions
What were the 5 major nations that had a part in the World War? What was it like for the homefront of each nation? Explain the turning point of 1943 and what happened then. What had forced Germany to retreat? Why did the Japanese people say they would kill themselves before they would surrender?

**Citations**
"World War III." // Carpe Diem 2011 //. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .

"Cartoon Soldier Picture by Gabriel_meeks - Photobucket." // Image Hosting, Free Photo Sharing & Video Sharing at Photobucket //. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .

"Cartoon Soldier Surrendering | Royalty Free Stock Vector Art Illustration | IStockphoto.com."// Stock Photography: Search Royalty Free Images & Photos | IStockphoto.com //. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .

"Cartoon Soldier in Iraq or Afghanistan | Royalty Free Stock Vector Art Illustration | IStockphoto.com." // Stock Photography: Search Royalty Free Images & Photos | IStockphoto.com //. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .

"Cartoon Soldiers Illustration." // Illustration and Animation //. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .