InNo+samuelgul0801+10.14.2010

Awesomeness:

This is a map of Russia. As you can see, I have labeled the mountains that exist in the south. These mountains then block the warm air trying to go up from the south and the cold air from the arctic comes in.

This is a picture of the Tsar (emperor) of Russia. He was an autocrat and didn't want to share power, even after electing a parliament.

Notes: Land and Climate An Empire of many peoples The autocracy Nicholas and Alexandrea Russian Society The town workers The Rich Terrorism The Socialist Revolutionary Party The Social Democratic Party Liberals War against Japan Bloody Sunday the 1905 revolution > Questions: > What were the social classes? > Why was mutiny on one of the warships threatening to the Tsar? > How did the parliament help alleviate the autocracy? > Why did most of Russia have a cold climate? > What was Bloody Sunday? > > Summary: > Nicholas II is Tsar and he is an autocrat. The Socialist Revolutionary Party emerged and then the Social Democratic Party. They both opposed the Tsar. Liberals also emerged. Russia were defeated by Japan in War. Tsar massacred protesting people and it became Bloody Sunday. Nick elected a parliament but didn’t give them any power. >
 * Much of Russia's land is useless
 * In the south there are high mountains
 * they protect them from invaders
 * block the warm air from the south
 * the cold wind comes in from Arctic ocean and people cant farm
 * 1000km south of the arctic circle is stretches of taiga
 * land covered in pine trees
 * only warmer south-west regions can be used for farming
 * much of Russia is in the arctic circle
 * this caused rivers and the coast line to be frozen
 * this didn't allow sea and river transportation and trading
 * Russia was rueld by a Tsar- Nicholas II
 * 125 million people lived in his empire
 * most people had been conquered by russians
 * they had different languages
 * most people lived on 5 percent of fertile land and became overcrowded
 * little people lived in Siberia
 * Nicholas II was autocrat
 * a monarch that doesn't share power
 * could do whatever he wanted, nobody to limit his power
 * he employed many civil servants
 * they were organized into many ranks cause there were thousands of them
 * at the top were the ministers
 * at the bottom were minor officials that ran the post offices etc.
 * civil service collected taxes but they accepted bribes
 * had a secret police to make sure nobody opposed him-Okhrana
 * censored books and ndewspapers
 * arrested people that criticized the government
 * tried courts without juries
 * people who were punished were sent to Hiberia
 * when there was famine riots broke out
 * they went on strike and attacked landowners and tax collectors
 * Cossaks were mounted soldiers that broke up mobs
 * Russian Orthodox Church told people to respect autocracy
 * the head of church was government minister
 * his german wife was confident and strong willed
 * encouraged Nick to rule as autocrat and ignore sharing the power
 * happily married, 5 kids in the first ten years
 * first four were girls, last was a boy: Alexies=heir
 * Alexis had a blood disease, heamophilia, stopped blood from clotting
 * the parents prayed alot for the recovery of Alexis
 * kept his illness a secret
 * 4/5 people made a living on farming
 * peasants had been serfs, slaves with no rights, till 1861
 * Nick's grandfather, Alexander II freed them and allowed them to own land and grow food
 * they had to give the food to the village commune (mir)
 * had to pay the commune for the land over 49 years
 * the commune gave out land according to the size of the families
 * with more people, came smaller land and people couldn't feed their families
 * most kids died before they were five and after that was 50
 * peasants tried to go to the city
 * work there until harvest time and go back to the communes
 * Largest city was the capital, St Petersburg
 * close to a million people came looking for work
 * going on strike was illegal
 * they could replace workers easily because there were lots of people looking for work
 * Russian nobles were really rich
 * Nick owned 8 palaces and 15,000 servants
 * when the royal family moved, they need 20 luggage carriages
 * nobles was 1 percent of the population but owned 25% of the land
 * nobles that farmed profited, ones that didn't sold off land
 * a new class of russians, capitalists, made money from banking and industry, trade
 * Minister of France, Sergei Whitte gave them government contracts to build railways
 * they didn't improve the quality of life for the peasants
 * in slums people started to hate the capitalists
 * on March 1881 a bomb exploded on Alexander II's carriage, he got out and was blown up by a bomb and bled to death later
 * People's Will carried out the assassination
 * they wanted to destroy the autocracy but failed
 * his son and grandson used Okhrana to arrest people
 * they didn't wipe out the opponents
 * they wanted all land in Russia given to the mirs
 * so peasants have more land
 * they had to take land away from nobles and the Tsar
 * SR had a Fighting Organization, they organized terrorist campaigns
 * 1900-1905 they killed 3 government officials
 * they gained support form peasants who are behind on redemption payments
 * they followed the ideas of Karl Marx
 * wrote a book called Communist Manifesto in 1848
 * predicted that workers would overthrow capitalists
 * take factories, mines, machinery, and raw materials
 * share them among themselves, called socialism
 * people should not be selfish and work for the good of everyone
 * communism appeared and people were payed according to their needs
 * in 1903 they split into the bolsheviks and Mensheviks because they disagreed on how to start a revolution
 * Bolsheviks-revolution should be dedicated to skill revolutionaries.
 * they would lead and make decisions
 * Mensheivks-the revolution should be a mass party with as much of the working class as possible
 * from 1903 three parties emerged: Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, and Socials Revolutionaries
 * many russians who owned property were liberals
 * they wanted Tsar to share power but supported him
 * Alexander II had came up with plans for parliament but he was blown up
 * that idea was discarded by Alexander III
 * 1904 Russia went to war with Japan over control of Korea and Manchuria
 * Nick wanted to go to war because he would win quick and be popular
 * Russia suffered many defeats
 * in Battle of Tsushima entire russian fleet destroyed except for 3 ships
 * War weakened Nick's position
 * food supplied, factories broke down and raw materials ran short
 * Sunday 22, Jan 1905, crowd of 200,000 workers marched to Sy Petersburg Tsar palace
 * they wanted to present him a petition wanting better living and working conditions
 * they were led by father Gapon, a priest that sympathized the workers
 * marchers got to saint petersberg but soldiers opened fire and 500 died and injured 1000+
 * massacre became known as bloody sunday
 * new riots broke out, hundreds of officials were murdered
 * Tsar's uncle was blown up by a bomb
 * Jun 1905, crew of battle ship Potekin threw officers overboard and took control
 * They had no plan so gave themselves up a few weeks later
 * this threatened Nick because he couldn't trust his army
 * in the countryside peasants rebelled and killed landlords and their farms
 * non-Russians like poles and Georgians declared non Russian rule
 * Sept 1905 strike began and factories, offices, shops, railways, hospitals, and schools closed down
 * towns set up councils called Soviets to run towns during strike
 * Soviets became alternative government
 * people obeyed the soviets and not the Tsar
 * Oct 1905 Nick issued October Manifesto
 * Russia could have Duma, elected parliament, and allowed people basic rights
 * people were happy but some people didn't trust him
 * Nick arrested Soviet officials and sent army into Moscow to battle them, more than 1000 people died
 * early in 1906 Tsar crushed revolution
 * group of thugs called the black Hundreds killed many revolutionaries
 * March 1906 revolution was over, but Russia got the parliament
 * When Duma first met he issued Fundamental laws
 * "to the emeror of all the russas belongs supreme autocratic power"
 * Basically nothing much has changed