InNo+9+Sean2013+10.13.2010

AWESOME~



This is a event map for the starting of the Russian revolution, Bloody Sunday. It is a very important event because it marked the starting of the Russian revolution. Many countryside people were enraged because of how this was treated, many people were shot dead, therefore there were many murders of landlords in the countryside (riots). Later the first revolution was crushed by Nicholas.

Nicholas II

The autocracy emperor of Russia, he was very weak and uneducated, he got rid of anyone who tried to oppose him. He did not help in the problems of Russia, therefore there was many revolutions. He was tired of the work of the emperor. He is very religous

Alexandra Alexandra was Nicholas II's wife, she is strong willed and confident. Usually giving Nicholas advice, she is very religous

Rasputin Man who was involved with the emperor and his wife, Nicholas II and Alexandra. He "helped" their son heal from hemophilia, they believed he was a starlet, a man of god. Though he had a very bad reputation of corruption and other crimes. Also if people entertained and be very nice to him, it was easier to gain promotions and contracts.

Chapter 1 - The Russian Empire in 1900
 * Russia is very big
 * There are trains going day and night from West to East

The land and the climate
 * Most of Russia's land is quite useless.
 * Southern border, high mountains are good for defense from foreign invaders but keeps out warm air trying to get to the south
 * Leaves Russia open for cold air sweeping down from Arctic
 * Can't Farm
 * tundra and taiga south regions where cannot be farmed
 * In 1900 only 5 percent of land used for farming
 * Affects farming and industry

An empire of many people


 * In 1900 Russia was a great empire ruled by Tsar (Emperor) **- Nicholas II**
 * 125 million people lived in Nicholas's empire.
 * Less than half were Russians
 * Most people were Ukrainians and Poles who were conquered by ancestors of Nicholas II
 * Had own language and customs
 * Most people lived in the 5 percent that was good for farming.
 * Fertile land overcrowded while less fertile land was less populated

Chapter 2 - The Government of Russia

The autocracy
 * Nicholas's empire was an autocrat - monarch who does not share power
 * He could do anything he wanted without restriction
 * He could not govern 125 mil people so he hired civil servants that were organized in ranks
 * Okhrana or Protective Section
 * Okhrana censored all books and newspapers
 * Its agens spied on political groups and arrested people who criticised the government
 * They were tried by special court and exiled
 * When there was a riot, there would be Cossacks| to break apart groups
 * The Russian Orthodox Church taught people to respect autocracy and be loyal to Tsar
 * Head of Church was a government minister.
 * Government had control over minds and souls of churchgoers

Nicholas and Alexandra
 * Nicholas was uneducated
 * He is not a capable emperor
 * Nicholas is weak, and is tired of doing Emperor work
 * Alexandra is strong willed, and confident
 * They had a happy marriage, when they realized their son had hemophilia.
 * People who knew about the disease of their son was made to swear an oath of secrecy

Chapter 3 - Russian Society

The peasants
 * In 1900 4/5 of Russians were peasants
 * In 1861 the peasants had been serfs, slaves of landlords with no rights, freedom and land
 * In 1861 Alexander II, Nicholas II's grandfather freed the peasants from serfdom, and allowed them to grow their own food
 * The land was given to village commune, or mir
 * Had to pay the commune in yearly instalments, called redemption payments
 * If paid 49 instalments, the land becomes his/her property
 * Peasant life was hard, land was given out according to family size
 * But since the population grew land was divided to half through 1861 to 1900
 * Peasants found it hard to sustain a family also they had to pay yearly instalments
 * Half of all newborn child would die
 * Disease and malnutrition is very common

The town workers
 * Many peasants tried to improve their lives by working in the nearedt town or city.
 * Worked in factories or mines until harvest time
 * Largest city in Russia in 1900 was the capial St Petersburg
 * Nearly a million people came to find work and growing
 * Overcrowded places, low wages, high work times and overtime for extra money

The rich
 * Russian nobles were very rich
 * Nicholas owned 8 different palaces and employed 15,000 servants
 * Up to twento luggage was needed to carry their stuff
 * Nobles were 1 percent of Russian population, they owned 25 percent of all the land.
 * People who bothered to farm their land effciently made good profits
 * Those who didn't bother were always able to sustain luxury lifestyle
 * By 1900 new class of Russians were becoming rich - capitalists
 * Made money from banking industry and trade
 * Minister of Finance, Sergei Witte, made it easy for capitalists to make big profits
 * Gave government contracts, for building railways mostyle
 * Gave them loans to build factories
 * Cut taxes
 * With easy money, capitalists did not improve working conditions
 * Hatred for capitalists grew.

Chapter 4 - Opponents of the Tsar
 * Some people refused to believe that Tsar will rule over everyone
 * They wanted to get rid of Tsar and make big changes to Russian government and society


 * Marc 1881, bomb exploded beneath the carriage of Tsar Alexander II
 * He was unhurt, but when he got out, someone threw a grenade that blew him up
 * The assassination is brought out a terrorist group called People's Will
 * His son Alexander III became successor.
 * They were both determined it does not happen to them
 * Used Okhrama to arrest critics and opponents
 * Did not wipe out all opponents

The Socialist Revolutionary Party
 * First group was the Socialist Revolutionary Party, SRs
 * They wanted all land to given mirs so peasants could have a bigger share of land.
 * That means taking land away from Tsar, nobles and church who owned most land of Russia
 * To achieve this thye had a Fighting Organization whose job was to organize terrorist campaigns.
 * Between 1900-1905 they managed to kill many government officials
 * They gained millions of support from peasants.

The Social Democratic Party
 * Followed ideas of Karl Marx, German writer who in 1848 written book called Communist Manifesto.
 * Marx predicted the poor would overthrow the ruled, the sharing of wealth between the rich is called socialism
 * In socialist society, people would learn to work together for the good of everyone, not just for self
 * Communist system where people according to their ability
 * Social Democratic party was set up according to Max's ideas, set up in 1898
 * In 1903 split into two groups, Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
 * Bolsheviks thought a small group of dedicated and skilled revolutionaries should lead the party
 * Mensheviks thought there should be a mass party with as many working class as possible and ran democratically
 * The leader of Bolsheviks argued with Mensheviks, they argued it would take forever to have a revolution and the other argued that it would fail without support of the working class
 * They remained split on the issue and had three revolutionary groups

Liberals
 * Not all Tsar's opponents were violent revolutionaries
 * Many law-abiding Russians, were liberals
 * They supported Tsar but wanted shared power
 * They wanted democracy like Britain where it was an elected parliament
 * Sadly, Alexander II made planst for a Russsian parliament the day before he was blown up.
 * The son did not have these plans

Chapter 5 - The 1905 Revolution

War against Japan
 * 1904 Russia went to war with Japan.
 * They were fighting Korean and China
 * Wanted war so Tsar could gain popularity
 * Russian Army suffered terrible defeat after another
 * Sent reinforcements but defeated in the battle of Tsushima
 * Position weakens
 * Working condition worse, factories closed, less supplies

Bloody Sunday
 * On Sunday 22 Jan 1905, crowd of 200,000 workers marched through the streets of St Petersburg towards Tsar's Winter Palace.
 * Goal was to present reforms
 * Led by Father Gapon, priest
 * Soldiers opened fire, 500 killed and thousands wounded
 * Known as bloody sunday
 * News of massacre spread across Russia, there was riots
 * hundreds of government officials murdered
 * Tsar's uncle was blown up
 * Started revolution

The 1905 revolution
 * In June 1905 the crew of battleship Potemkim, people threw their officers overboard and took control of the ship.
 * Mutiny.
 * Nicholas could not trust his own forces
 * Peasants rebelled and butchered landlords and burning farms.
 * Georgians and the Poles declared independance
 * September 1905 general strike began, all over Russia factoies, offices, shops, railways, hospitals, and schools closed down.
 * Made councils called Soviets to run town during strike.
 * Soviets became alternate form of government, they obeyed soviets
 * Nicholas issued October Manifesto in October 1905
 * They could have a Duma, elected parliament, to help run the country.
 * Allowed right to form political parties and right of free speech
 * Liberals happy
 * Revolutionaries did not trust he could keep his word
 * In December he arrested a lot of the members into exile in Siberia
 * In Moscow, army was sent to crush Soviet, more than a thousand people died in street fighting
 * Crushed all revolution
 * Thugs known as Black Hundreds organized massacres of revolutionaries.
 * March 1906 revolution over.
 * Parliament still existed, a lot of anti-government gained office
 * They made a set of Fundamental Laws that Russia was still autocracy

Chapter 6 - The Aftermath of the 1905 Revolution

The Dumas
 * Broke up two parliaments because of the request of power
 * second parliament contained social revolutionaries and social democrats aimed to destory the autocracy.
 * The third parliament did what Nicholas wanted basically for show
 * A new minister was appointed Peter Stolypin.

The Stolypin reforms
 * Stolypin believed in strict government.
 * Went hard on terrorism, 1906 arrested 1008 terrorists.
 * Terrorism was not a problem anymore
 * Stolypin realized that brute force cannot solve everything
 * Feared violence would break out further
 * Abolished redemption payments
 * Abolished communes that controlled thel and
 * He hoped working peasants would leave communes and set up their own farm.
 * He thought farmer land would grow rich, because they become more productive
 * Peace with countryside therefore no revolution.
 * Improving conditions
 * Industry grew wages increased and there was good harvest
 * Millions of peasants set up their own land and set to make more efficient farms
 * A terrorist who worked for him shot him

Rasputin
 * Alexandra and Nicholas was involved with a peasant who claimed to be a holy man of god- starlet
 * Nicholas and Alexandra are very religious
 * Two ladies introduced a man who claimed to have healing and powers of prophecy
 * They prayed together and the next morning their son healed
 * He became the most trusted member of their court.\
 * The starlet had very bad reputation but Nicholas and Alexandra refused to listen
 * He started to give political advice to Alexandra which she passed on to Nicholas
 * Politicians gained promotion by being friendly with Rasputin.
 * Businessmen who entertained Rasputin got government contracts easily
 * As influence increased, hatred of him grew
 * Spreading of rumors of him having an affair with Alexandra
 * Its as if only the public knew about his corruption.

Summary Russia was an autocrat, the emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He enjoyed a life of luxury while most people in Russia suffered from poverty and poor work conditions. He has a weak character and eliminates anyone who opposes him. The peasants in Russia are very poor and have very small land, they also have to pay taxes. The rich people are the Russian nobles who own most land. Because of the hate for the emperor there are various terrorist and revolutionary groups, who attempt to overthrow the government. There were various revolutions that took place, but the emperor was not overthrew. They started listening to a Starlet for advice.

Questions What are the two groups in the social democratic party and what did each group believe in and why? What percent of land was owned by the rich? What did Stolypin believe in? How has the climate impacted Russia Industry and Farming wise? Why did Rasputin have bad reputation and what ways was he corrupted? and why does Nicholas and Alexandra choose to ignore these rumors?


 * 1) "Emperor Nicholas II « Rusmedia – the Infochannel of Euro-Rus." // Rusmedia – the Infochannel of Euro-Rus //. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. <[]>.
 * 2) ^ "Alexandra « – Wiki" // Wikipedia – Common Wikipedia //. 14 Oct. 2010. <[|http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Alexandra_alix.jpg&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexandra_alix.jpg]
 * 3) ^ "Resputin « GeoLife – GeoLife." // Russian History – //. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. <[|http://thumbs2.modthesims.info/img/3/8/5/0/8/MTS2_SeparatriX_259877_rasputin.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.modthesims.info/download.php%3Ft%3D141926&usg=__pzgEgI-OFC3MrZc7T0na9-PYHcw=&h=314&w=420&sz=14&hl=en&start=27&zoom=1&tbnid=gwXTc8hVvrsnmM:&tbnh=93&tbnw=125&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRasputin%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D544%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1]>.
 * 4) "Event Map." // Education Learning Home Page, a Part of the U.S. Department of Education //. Web. 14 Oct. 2010.