InNo+youbinpx2013+10.18.10

= = Part TWO: WAR AND REVOLUTION
 * Chapter 7: Russia At War, 1914-17**


 * Early Defeats**
 * the end of August 1914
 * huge Russian armies attacked Germany
 * Russian armies were badly led and equipped
 * nearly a million men without rifles
 * many didn't have boots
 * Battle ofTannenberg and Masurian Lakes
 * Russian armies wiped out
 * over 250,000 Russian soldiers killed, wounded, or prisoned
 * the end of 1914
 * Russians had lost over one million men (casualties, deaths + soldiers prisoned)


 * The Collapse of the economy**
 * in 1915
 * Russian economy began to collapse
 * 1) lack of worker
 * 15.5 million young men were taken into armies to fight -> halved the # needed to work
 * 600 factories close down
 * 1) transportation
 * Russia depended on railways for food and raw materials
 * not enough trains to keep ppl supplied w/ food and materials
 * foods rotted in railway sidings
 * soldiers + ppl in the towns went hungry
 * Coal supplies to factories and power stations halted
 * coal trains wait at coal mines for engines to pull
 * power failed, factories had to close
 * 1) inflation
 * rouble - russian money
 * began to lose its value (1914)
 * food prices went up
 * wages buying less and less food


 * end of 1915
 * 300,000 Russians killed
 * 3 million wounded or locked up in enemy prison camp


 * 'Dark forces destroying the throne'**
 * August 1915
 * Tsar Nicholas decided to take personal command of his armies
 * left Petrograd, went to live at army headquaters
 * Alexandra take gov. in Petrograd
 * she was completely influenced by Rasputin
 * August 1915 - end of 1916
 * Alexandria used power to sack ministers who displeased her, replace with Rasputin
 * 4 dif. Prime Ministers
 * 5 Ministers of the Interior
 * 4 Ministers of Agriculture
 * 3 Ministers of War
 * 2 Ministers of Foreign Affairs
 * gov. ground to a halt
 * food, fuel, ammunition in short supply -> unobtainable
 * 1916
 * Russian armies won some victories
 * but death toll continued until it went over one million
 * In Petrograd, rumors
 * Alexandra & Rasputin
 * Alexandra - German
 * Russia's defeats: Alexandra & Rasputin were German agents
 * working to destroy Russia
 * Duma
 * 'dark forces destroying the throne'
 * December 1916
 * 3 nobles loyal to the Tsar decided to destroy 'dark forces'
 * murdered Rasputin
 * public rejoicing after the death of Rasputin
 * but Rasputin's death didn't help Russia.
 * 1917
 * blizzards + temperatures as low as 35°C below zero
 * more than thousand railway engines froze + burst boilers
 * supplies of grain, coal, wood and oil dwindled to nothing
 * ppl huddled in home
 * condition became right for revolution


 * Chapter 8: The Revolution of March 1917**


 * March 1917
 * condition got worse
 * in Petrograd, discontent turned into a full-scale revolution to overthrew the Tsar
 * Wednesday 7 March**
 * managers of Putilov steel works locked out 20,000 workers after pay talks broke down
 * 20,000 steel workers in bad mood
 * went on strike to support steel workers
 * Tuesday 8 March**
 * 50 factories closed down
 * 90,000 workers went out on strike
 * 'International Women's Day'
 * thousands of socialist women demonstrating
 * demanding for bread
 * Friday 9 March**
 * 200,000 workers on strike
 * dispelled by police
 * stopped by cavalry detachments + infantry
 * Saturday 10 March**
 * 250,000 workers on strike
 * no public transport
 * no newspapers
 * food shortages continued
 * Cossacks refused to attack a procession of strikers
 * Sunday 11 March**
 * President of Duma, Michael Rodzianko -> Tsar:
 * capital is in anarchy
 * transport system broken down
 * gov. paralyzed
 * food + fuel supplies disorganized
 * wild shooting + troops firing at each other
 * Tsar -> order the Duma to stop meeting
 * Monday 12 March**
 * 6 o' clock
 * mutiny began in the Volinsky regiment of the army
 * sergeant shot his commanding officer
 * soldiers left barracks
 * marched in the the center of Petrograd
 * Later in the day
 * Duma held meeting
 * twelve-men committee, **Provisional Committee** - take over gov.
 * evening
 * revolutionaries set up Soviet, or council, of workers and soldiers in Petrograd
 * intended to take over the gov.
 * began to organize food supplies for the city
 * Tuesday 13 March**
 * Tsar Nicholas -> Duma
 * share power with the Duma
 * Duma-> Tsar Nicholas
 * 'The measures you propose are too late. The time for them has gone. There is no return.'
 * Wednesday 14 March**
 * Leading army generals -> Nicholas
 * informing none of the army supported him
 * Nicholas tried to return to Petrograd and take control of the situation,
 * but revolutionaries stopped him on his way to Tsarskoe Selo
 * Thursday 15 March**
 * revolutionaries halted his train
 * agreed to abdicate
 * give the throne to Alexis
 * Alexis was to ill
 * throne given to his brother, Grand Duke Michael
 * feared the bad reputation like Nicholas
 * within 24 hours, he abdicated
 * Russia was now a **republic** - a country governed not by a monarch but by an elected leader


 * Chapter 9: The Provisional Government**


 * Two new governments**
 * Provisional Government
 * govern Russia for short time until elections could be held
 * official government
 * Petrograt Soviet
 * unofficial government
 * meeting place in the Tauride Palace
 * of Workers' and Soliders' Deputies
 * aimed to protect the interests of working ppl and soldiers
 * other soviets with same aim were formed
 * whatever the Petrograd Soviet decided was imitated by the other soviet
 * great power
 * Order No.1
 * issue an order to the armed forces
 * soldiers and sailors set up committees to take control of all arms, ammunition and equipment
 * off-duty soldierswere not to salute officers
 * 'You Excellency' -> 'Mister Colonel', 'Mister General'
 * obeyed in all parts of the army and navy
 * 'Petrograd Soviet' controlled armed forces
 * 2500 dutputies
 * revolutionaries
 * SRs and Mesheviks
 * Bolsheviks
 * wanted all land to be given to the peasants
 * factories given to the workers
 * willing to co-operate with the P. G.


 * Lenin and the April Theses**
 * Lenin - leader of the Bolsheviks
 * exile in Sqitzerland
 * disagreed with the revolutionaries who cooperated with P.G.
 * wanted get back to Russia
 * to organize a second revolution
 * Petrograd -200km-> Switzerland
 * lands btw Switz. and Russia were held by Germany and Austria (Russia's enemy from Great War)
 * German
 * thought Lenin would make trouble for the Privisional Government
 * help Germany in the war
 * provided Lenin with food, money, and special train
 * reached Petrograd on 16 April 1917
 * made a speech to the Bolsheviks: **(April Theses)**
 * there must be an end to the war with Germany
 * all land must be given to the peasants
 * banks must be nationalized
 * Bolsheviks -> Communists'
 * no support must be given to the P.G.
 * 'All power to the Soviets!'
 * many thought that the time was not yet right
 * June 1917
 * Russian armies made a major attack on Austria
 * attack failed and turned into a retreat
 * soldiers deserted in large #s
 * many joined up with Bolsheviks to demand an end to the P.G.
 * 100,000 soldiers and Bolsheviks roamed the street
 * 'All Power to the Soviets!'
 * demanding the power the Bolsheviks
 * July Days
 * 3 days of rioting
 * Alexander Kerensky - the minister of war
 * sent loyal troops into Petrograd
 * 16 and 17 July
 * troops broke up the mobs
 * killed and wounded 400
 * Kerensky claimed
 * Bolsheviks had been paid by the Germans to make trouble
 * Lenin was a German agent
 * Lenin exile to Finland
 * Bolsheviks arrested and prisoned


 * The Kornilov Revolt**
 * Alexander Kerensky - Prime Minister of the Provisional Government
 * General Kornilov - Commander-in-Chief of the armies
 * believed Russia need a 'strong man
 * himself should be in charge
 * Plan
 * get rid of the Petrograd Soviet
 * arrest revolutionaries
 * take control of the Provisional Gov.
 * so he can fight Germany w/ out interference
 * rebel troops were best in Russia
 * the savage division from the Caucasus mountains, and the Cossacks
 * sent to Petrograd to eliminate P.G.
 * Kerensky had few loyal troops to defend him
 * Bolsheviks set up a defence force - Red Guards
 * 25,000 Bolsheviks armed w/ rifles + machine guns out on the streets
 * Kornilov refused to fight
 * soon arrested
 * Bolsehviks became 'heroes' from the Kornilov revolt
 * saved P.G.
 * proved that they were not German agents
 * as an armed and disciplined fighting force
 * strengthened position
 * got majority in elections for the Petrograd Soviet in Sept.
 * By Oct 1917
 * Bolsheviks were more powerful
 * began to consider carrying out a second revolution
 * chances of success ↑


 * Chapter 10: The Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917**


 * The state of Russia in September 1917**
 * summer of 1917
 * peasants began to take control of the land
 * they waited since March for P.G. to give them
 * but it had failed
 * 200 farms peasants killed their landlords
 * divided the land up
 * sized lands of the Church and the Tsar
 * Kerensky tried to stop peasants
 * sending soldiers on 'punishment expeditions' into the countryside
 * whipping peasants + burning homes
 * not enough loyal troops to do expeditions
 * most areas, violence btw landlords and peasants continued
 * delayed the harvest
 * food shortage
 * winter with the threat of famine
 * in armies
 * discipline breaking down
 * Order No.1 led soldiers to disobey orders given by officers
 * thousands of soldiers deserting
 * go back home to make sure that there is a fair distribution of lands
 * Bolsheviks encouraged not to fight
 * drunkenness, chaos and violence
 * rolling live hand grenades into officers' quarters


 * The November Revolution**
 * Oct 1917
 * Lenin returned to Petrograd from Finland
 * Bolshevik meeting
 * should begin revolution immediately
 * 'Hunger does not wait. The peasant uprising does not wait. The war does not wait.'
 * leaders agreed to attack against the P.G.
 * Leo Trotsky - Bolshevik chairman of P.G.
 * set up headquarters in Smolny Institute - disused school
 * army would support Bolsheviks
 * guards of the Peter and Paul Fortress gave rifles to the Bolsheviks
 * Night of 6 Nov.
 * Red Guards were well armed with the rifles from Peter and Paul Fortress - ready
 * take control of ipt. locations in Petrograd
 * six bridges across the river Neva
 * Morning of 7 Nov.
 * seized gov buildings, power station + railway stations
 * P.G. had headquarters in the **Winter Palace**
 * guarded only by army cadets + Women's Battalion of the army
 * Evening of 7 Nov.
 * cruiser - **Aurora**
 * Bolshevik sailors captured
 * sailed up the river Neva
 * fired blank shells at the Winter Palace
 * guns in the Peter and Paul fortress
 * opened fire on the Palace
 * Cadets + Women's Battalion gave in w/ out fight
 * ministers of the P.G. surrendered and arrested
 * Bolsheviks controlled Petrograd
 * Lenin announced he's setting up new gov.
 * 18 ppl arrested 2 ppl killed

1) Describe the phases of November Revolution. 2) Who was Lenin and what was his accoplishments? 3) Describe the differences between the Provisional Government and Petrograd Soviet? 4) Was Bolshevik's revolution successful? 5) Who were the people that disagreed on the revolution?
 * Questions:**

This part of the book is about the revolution. The rebellions from the country started to arise to get their voices high and come into an action. There were many fights between the Provisional Government and Bolsheviks however, the victory was on the Bolsheviks.
 * Summary:**

This photo is a picture of assembly held by Provisional Government. They started with twelve-man committee and they were just working as a leader for short period time. When the election for the new leader is held, they will not work as a member anymore. media type="custom" key="7261053"
 * Pictures+Awesomeness:**

This timeline shows the the phases of November Revolution. It was first started by Lenin from the Bolsheviks. They wanted to overthrow the Provisional Government and by raising their forces and powers, the revolution was successful leading to the new government at last.