InNo+6+(52-65)+Byue+09.08.10

=__AWESOME THING # 5__= = = == This is an extremely awesome thing I made. This thing is called a flowchart, and its about Napoleon's life, since he was born, and till Revolution was over. I used this website called gliffy.com, which I recommend for those people who just love making flowcharts and making everything look pretty. Another reason why this is awesome is because after editing size and length of arrows, shape and size of text boxes, choosing color for the font, choosing the color for the boxes, and making the title __underlined__, a lot of valuable time has already been passed. Although I could have used this valuable time for thins like headbanging to heavy metal, I used it on this graph instead. This graph is related to this chapter because its about Napoleon, where he is the main lesson behind the chapter. It talks about his victories and his ship sinking. This graph can also make a decent back-up "chapter 3" for the textbook.

gliffy.com

__p. 52-65 Notes__ The rise of Napoleon
 * 1795-1799 governed by 5 men - Directors, backed by 2 new assemblies: Councils
 * 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte took over government
 * born: Corsica 1769, 2nd of 8 children, parents were Italian
 * age 9: started school and next 7 studied military schools, leaving at 16 as lieutenant, and became general at 24
 * career almost wrecked in 1794, arrested when Robespierre overthrown, but no evidence against him and returned to army

Napoleon's Italian Campaign
 * 1795 Revolutionary War, Directors in power VS. Coalition, where French quickly conquered Holland and Belgium
 * northern Italy became next Italy, Napoleon promoted to commander of Army of Italy, with orders to attack Austria forces
 * October 1797, all of northern Italy under French control, Napoleon = France's most famous general

Napoleon in Egypt
 * soon Napoleon ordered to command Army of the East, to attack Britain's trade and colonies in the Far East, and began invading Egypt, halfway to India
 * quickly won Battle of the Pyramids against Egyptians (1798) but never got to India, when British Royal Navy at Aboukir Bay sunk their ships which brought their army to Egypt no way to India, NOR could they return to France
 * Napoleon in Middle East for ONE YEAR, and armies in France fought poorly too, when their enemy formed Second Coalition and drove them out of Italy and central Europe - Napoleon learned the defeats in 1799
 * without order, Napoleon left army in Egypt and hurried back in France, intentions being to save country from defeat

Napoleon seizes power
 * when one Director wanted to get rid of the others, he asked Napoleon for military backup, N's brother Lucien helped too
 * November 9 1799, made up story about rebels almost capturing Paris, and asked Councils to take emergency action, Council did and made Napoleon commander of all troops in Paris district, then they left for safer meeting in nearby Saint-Cloud, then soldiers forced 3 Directors to resign
 * Council found out about fake story and took oath to defend Directory. They declared on Napoleon an outlaw.
 * true or false about reaction of Council, soldiers saved Napoleon's life, while deputies ran away.
 * Napoleon + 2 other plotters voted to have power to run country til new gov. could be found

Napoleon the ruler
 * 3 Consuls: First - power to make decisions, Second + Third - advice Nap.
 * Napoleon became head of government
 * 4 new Councils created, most powerful: Council of State - help write new laws and discuss Nap's decisions
 * Senate, Tribunate, Legislative Body: shared making laws and appointment of officials, in provinces Prefects put law in effect
 * 3 million people agree, while 1500 didn't

Victory in war
 * most urgent task = First Consul to defend France against armies of Second Coalition, by attacking Austrian forces in N. Italy (went through Switzerland and across Alps)
 * attacked Marengo, almost lost but reserved troops and won Battle of Marengo against Austria, and Austria abandoned N. Italy
 * later French defeated Austrians at Battle of Hohenlinden in Germany which brought Second Coalition war to end end.
 * Peace treaty signed, Luneville 1801, France in control of Belgium, of German lands on river Rhine and of N. Italy

The making of a legend
 * Napoleon didn't wanted to be painted with a sword, but "calm, on a fiery horse" instead

The Concordat and the Catholic Church
 * most urgent problem: closed Catholic Church and people 'de-christianised', some rebels trying to overthrow government
 * Nap. dropped 10-day week of Revolutionary Calender and allowed Sundays off, told rebel leaders he would deal with religious complaints
 * 1801, Nap. signed agreement with Pope called Concordat, where Nap. agreed Catholics can worship freely again, and Pope let Nap. appoint all bushops in France and agreed that all priests should take oath of loyalty to Nap.
 * result of Concordat: priests able to come out of hiding and churches re-opened, millions gave Nap. support

Reforms
 * 1802, Nap. made peace with Europe + end religious conflicts, thus grateful Senate increased his powers, raised pay and made him 'Consul-for-life' & 3.5 million voted in favor
 * 1802, created new secondary school (//lycee//), pupils under strict military discipline, curriculum drawn up by gov., and when they leave they take examination - Baccalaureate for entrance to uni.
 * greatest achievement: reform of French law into 7 books called codes. Began in 1804 with Code of Civil Law called Code Napoleon, then added Codes of criminal and commercial law over next 5 years. Some things that revolutionaries had demanded 1789, individual rights, freedom of belief, equality before law also included.

Napoleon becomes Emperor
 * 1804 Nap. made himself Emperor, voters supported, and France became empire after 12 years of republic
 * brought back some things abolished during revolution, like being crowned in coronation ceremony like old French kings, brought noble titles for members of his family: brother Joseph + Louis became Grand Elector and Grand Constable of the Empire
 * 1808, created Imperial Nobility consisting princes, dukes, counts, barons, knights
 * nobles had to be rich to pass title on to children, and these nobles had no privileges
 * 1804, French Rep. became Empire, Catholic Church restored, people became once again Revolution was OVER.

=**__Summary__**= When the Terror ended, France became governed by 5 Directors. Napoleon Bonaparte forced them out of office on 1799 and he soon rose to power. As a general, his army conquered Holland and Belgium. And soon, all of northern Italy was under French control, as Napoleon became France's most favored General. But when he was ordered to capture India, his ship got sunk in Egypt when he defeated the Egyptians, thus his army had nowhere to go with no ship. Napoleon later left back to France learning defeats in France. With one Director, they tried getting rid of other Directors, and almost failed if it weren't for soldiers that protected him from being killed. Some people voted Napoleon to run the country until a new government was formed. Napoleon took post of the First Consul and became head of the government, and 3 million people supported him. Napoleon's most urgent task was to defend France from the Second Coalition, and he attacked Austrian forced in North Italy, and almost failed if reserved troops weren't there. Later French also defeated Austrians in Germany, and they got control of Belgium, German lands on river Rhine, and north Italy. Napoleon also got the Catholic Church to open again, making more people vote for him. He changed the school system, adding a new kind of secondary school, and he made himself Emperor eventually. Voters supported him, and soon he got the nobles back, but they had no privileges. He got the coronation ceremony of crowning himself back again, the Catholic Church back. Everybody was happy and soon Revolution was over!!!!

__Questions:__ 1. How did Napoleon make it back to France when his ship sunk in Egypt? 2. Why didn't the British attack Napoleon's army when they destroyed his ship? 3. Why didn't people reject Napoleon doing the crowning ceremony?