Revolution+and+Terror,1784-1794+I+(pg.+28-38)

= Revolution and Terror, 1784-1794 = = Part I (pg.28-38) =

This is an awesome timeline I created illustrating the more important events occuring in the section :) 

Here is a [|link] to a video about the storming of Bastille on HowStuffWorks.com



START: Rev from Versailles --> other parts of France.
 * changed society, gov, religion --> influence other countries over the world
 * many supporters + many haters

REVOLUTION, 1789

 * creation of National Assembly --> third estates' victory / King's defeat (lost control of Estates General)
 * riots in Paris --> warning of losing capital --> ordered 20,000 troops to move in
 * ppl in Paris were afraid... July 12: King replaced finance minister with one that opposed the third estate
 * ppl thought King would take down National Assembly
 * looking for defense, ppl broke into stores and stole guns
 * 14 July: rumors --> tons of gunpowder in Bastille (old fortress in eastern Paris)

Storming of the Bastille

 * Bastille: prisoners sent by SEALED LETTERS were held there
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">held dungeons, torture chambers, forever imprisonment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">CONSEQUENTLY, ppl hated it... symbol of king's power.. decided to destroy it, even when the governor surrendered
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Bastille fell under ppl's control after much violence

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Images of the Bastille

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">symbol of ppl's victory over their rulers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">ex. arrest of Marquiz de Launay (prison gov.); what the attackers found inside the Bastille... THOUSANDS of pictures
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">intrigued foreigners, artists, everybody
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">INACCURATE: 7 prisoners found, as opposed to hordes, food was good, prisoners were able to spend money on various items (quills, sugar, jam, scissors, wine, brandy, candles)

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">King loses control

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">KIng gave up Bastille + Paris
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">allowed people to set up own military force --> NATIONAL GUARD.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">third estate officials formed new local government: PARIS COMMUNE
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">towns and cities followed their example, forced out royal officials, set up communes + NGs

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">THE GREAT FEAR

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">violence spread to countryside (high unemployment, hunger)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">people lived in fear + poverty (wandered around countryside to beg, stole food crops)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">harvest time: rumors --> nobles hoarding grain to starve peasant + paid wanderers to attack farms
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">RESULT: ppl refused to pay feudal dues
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">fears of gangs ^.... late July: France gripped by "Great Fear"

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Assembly begins its work

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">National Assembly scared by violent peasants... Aug 4: FEUDAL RIGHTS DISCLAIMED!! (feudalism = abolished) :D
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">issued "DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND THE CITIZEN"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">all men = free + equal
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">freedom of speech, publishing
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">changed laws of arrest and imprisonment, banned torture
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">power = ALL PEOPLE

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Women march to Versailles

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Louis didn't like NA decisions, refused to sign, couldn't become law
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">added more soldiers --> Versailles body guard, wanted to break up NA ?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">market women in Paris marched through city, collecting weapons. Oct 5: with knives, sticks, rifles, two cannons --> Paris, urged king to come live with them in Paris (could see what he was doing)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">after two bodyguards were killed, King --> Paris w/ family, lived in Tuileries Palace, old palace = locked up

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reforms of the National Assembly

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">NA followed King to paris, laid new laws for next two years, incld:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">male tax payers over 25 year old could vote
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">clergy land sold to pay france's debts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">protestants had same voting rights as catholics
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">local councils elected by citizens
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">salt, taille, traites, land, aides taxes abolished
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">noble titles abolished
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">slavery abolished, black people had same rights as white

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reform of the Church

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">divided into two sides:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">"church = too much power, land, money, live unholy lives" (growing views)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">"church = unquestioned belief, devotion, no reason for change"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">when NA took money + land away from church, many catholics protested, reached peak in July 1790 (church's power was reduced --> Civil Constitution of the Clergy --> priests + bishops had to be elected like public officials, required an OATH to be LOYAL OF FRENCH NATION + LAW)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">some clergy didn't take oath (opposed rev), some did (supported rev). divided as thus.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">ENTIRE NATION FOLLOWED ^^ EXAMPLE

Flight to Varennes (FIRST STEP TO WAR)

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Louis opposed to revolution, decided to leave France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">hoped to get assistance from princes, relatives across the frontier
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">wanted to attack France, destroy NA and restore power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">made secret escape (were heavily guarded from doing so)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">21 Jun 1791: left midnight in a carriage, disguised
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">were CAUGHT 50 km from frontier, arrested, Varennes authorities were warned, sent back to Paris

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Road to War

 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emperor Leopold (Antoinette's brother in Austria) decided to help restore Louis's power + liberty (issued statement)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">called on all European kings to take action
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">everyone in France believed Leopold was going to invade, believed war was inevitable
 * <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">everyone WANTED it, believed they were superior than the other side

<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">SUMMARY
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">As the revolution spread over France, it changed the society, government, and religion of the nation.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The creation of the National Assembly was a victory to the third estate and a defeat to King Louis. Afraid of losing his capital after a series of riots, the King ordered military troops to move in, causing the fear of Paris citizens. Many believed the King was trying to take down the National Assembly and looked for weapons to defend themselves. It was heard that there were tons of gunpowder in the Bastille, and with an intense hatred of this symbol of king’s power, the citizens stormed in and destroyed it.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">This was the first symbol of the people’s victory over their rulers. The event intrigued foreigners, artists, and many people who all tried to capture the moment in arts and paintings, even if some of the representations of the event were inaccurate.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">After the King gave up the Bastille and his capital, he allowed the people to set up the National Guard (military force) and the third estate set up a Paris Commune (a new local government). Soon, many towns and cities were following their example.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The violence took to the countryside, where high umemployment and hunger were evident, and herds of wanderers walked around stealing farmers’ crops. The people refused to pay feudal dues, and by late July, the fears of gangs gripped France with a “Great fear.”

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Feared by the peasant’s violence, the National Assembly abolished feudal rights and issued a “Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizens.” This edict gave power to all people, allowed freedom of speech and publishing, changed laws of arrest and imprisonment, banned torture, etc.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The King refused to sign the edict, so it did not become law. When he added more soldiers to his Versailles body guard, people believed he was plotting to break up the National Assembly. Market women, armed with knives, sticks, and rifles marched to Versailles, urging the King to come live with them in Paris so the townspeople could keep an eye on him. Finally the king gave his consent and he moved to Tuileries Palace in Paris.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">The National Assembly followed the King to Paris and laid laws for the next two years, including abolishing slavery, noble titles, taxes, selling clergy land to pay for France’s debts, and allowing male tax payers over 25 years-old to vote.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Reforms were also made to the church. People were divided so a growing population believed that the clergy held too much power, land and money and lived unholy lives. Others remained devoted to their faith and so no reason for change. When the National Assembly took money and land away from the church, many people protested, especially then the Civil Constitution of the Clergy demanded that priests and bishops make an oath to be loyal to the French nation and law. The clergy that didn’t tak the oath opposed the revolution, while the clergy that did supported it. The entire nation followed this example, and people were divided as thus.

<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Louis, opposing the revolution, decided to leave France, hoped to get assistance from Emperor Leopold across the frontier. He hoped to restore his power with his brother-in-law’s help. He attempted a midnight, secret, escape to Varennes but was caught 50 km from the frontier. <span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Emperor Leopold heard about this misfortune and decided to help. He called on all European kings to take action, and soon war was believed to be inevitable in France.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">Questions
<span style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS',Helvetica,sans-serif;">How far is Versailles to Paris? How long did the women have to march? How were they able to drag the two cannons with them all the way?