InNo+Jeffooo+09.07.10

This is a picture of the attack on Tuileries. It shows how terrible the battles looked, and the red shirts are the swiss guards who were defending the king. 600 of the swiss guards were slaughtered.

War
 * 1792 20th April - France declared war on Austria
 * French armies attacked Austria bases across the frontier in Belgium
 * Austrians - better equipped, led, organized. easily beat french attack
 * There was a Rumor that there was an Austrian committee in Tuileries
 * Prussia joined forces with Austria in May
 * Assembly ordered every soldier in Paris to the frontier
 * It was decided that all priests who refused to take an oath of loyalty was to be expelled from the country
 * July 11, declared that "fatherland is in danger" and made many citizens want to volunteer for the army
 * Louis disagreed with the measure against the priests, which angered his opponents, 20000 of them broke into Tuileries shouting abuse to him on 20th June
 * Brunswick Manifesto - threatened people in paris with punishments, if Louis was harmed in anyway.
 * This made everyone in Paris carry weapons, with the excuse to protect the king. however they were used to get rid of the monarchy

The storming of the Tuileries
 * August 10th 1792
 * 20000 armed men and women marched to Tuileries to dethrone king Louis
 * Broke into the palace grounds, fighting swiss guards who were defending their king
 * 600 swiss guards were slaughtered

The overthrow of the monarchy
 * The attack of Tuileries ended the monarchy, and suspended Louis, sending him and his family to prison
 * a new assembly was set up - convention
 * the convention was the main place where they made laws
 * first action was to dethrone Louis in september 21st 1792, then declare france as a republic country
 * two months after, he was put on trial for high treason
 * he was found guilty and sentenced to death. beheaded on january 21st 1793

The //san culottes//
 * the people who overthrew the king called themselves the san culottes
 * san culottes were the working people of paris
 * san culottes hated the nobles
 * they addressed each other as citizen, or comrade
 * San culottes hated the monarchy, and believed that power belonged to them, the people
 * They named their children after past republicans
 * san culottes believed that all the people should have equal rights, all be able to vote
 * They claimed that all the people should have the right to carry weapons
 * in september 1792, they broke into the prisons of Paris and murdered 1400 prisoners, who they suspected to be austrian spies
 * Many foreigners were afraid of the san culottes, due to their violent acts

The war spreads
 * Louis's fellow monarchs were outraged, and joined forces with Austria and Prussia, to destroy the new french republic
 * The frenchmen got more mad from this, and wanted to kill these "tyrants"
 * They spread the revolution to the rest of Europe
 * France then declared war with Britain, Holland, and Spain, now almost at war with all of europe
 * Austria defeated many battles with the French in the Netherlands
 * The French commander, general Dumouriez abandoned his men and went over to the Austrian side

Inflation and Shortages
 * Besides war there were many other difficulties facing the new France
 * Prices of food was rising quickly and very high because of the war
 * There was inflation
 * by 1793, the bank notes were only worth half its original price

Rebellion
 * The country ordered 300000 men to join the armies. this order
 * This caused thousands of peasants to start an armed rebellion against the French government
 * The war led conflict between the Girondins (Holds the most important posts in the government) and the Jacobins (supported by sans culottes)
 * Jacobins blamed the Girondins for the battlefield loses and for allowing food prices to rise
 * June 2nd, an angry crowd of sans culottes broke into convention and expelled the leading Girodin
 * Started a string of revolts in the provinces, which supported the Girondins
 * summer 1793, 60 out of 83 departments had joined the rebellion against the government

The reign of terror
 * Committee of public safety was formed, it was made of 12 people who had the power to do anything they wanted to save France
 * The next twelve months, they controlled France very strictly and with very harsh punishments
 * Some of these punishments so harsh, that they were known as the reign of terror

The law of suspects
 * september 1793 groups of citizens from every town had to draw up lists of people they suspected of opposing the government
 * The law said that people who "by their behaviour, their contacts, their words or their writings, showed themselves to be...enemies of liberty" the year, the law was added there were over a quarter million suspects arrested and put in prison
 * Many suspects were sent to Paris for trial, the judges could give them imprisonment, deportation or death. around half the sentences they passed were death sentences.

The Guillotine
 * The Guillotine, invented by Doctor Guillotine was suggested to be used to behead the death sentences, it was less painful than the other execution ways before the revolution
 * An English journalist described how the Guillotine worked
 * 17000 suspects were executed using the guillotine during the terror
 * Marie Antoinette - executed by a Guillotine October 1793

Terror in the provinces
 * Over 100 representatives were sent to the provinces with instructions to do anything necessary to restore order
 * In Venée, the biggest revolt was taking place.
 * The representative Jean-Baptise Carrier found the Guillotine too slow to execute captured rebels, he ordered them to be drowned in the river Loire
 * more than 2000 died from drowning in Nantes, 2000 executed in Lyons
 * To fasted the execution, prisoners were lined up in front of graves and blasted into them by cannons

Terror in Armies
 * In August 1793 the convention ordered a "Mass Levy" of the French people, meaning that every citizen had to help in the war
 * Unmarried men had to join the armies
 * Married men were to make guns for the army
 * Women made tents, and served in hospitals
 * Children made gunpowder and bandages
 * The Mass Levy increased the french army to 800000 men
 * Generals who did not win battles, were replaced by younger officers who proved their ability in action

Economic Terror
 * Law of maximum was created by the committee to try and stop food prices from raising
 * september 1793 the food wages were to be kept at a price, and peoples wages were to stay the same

Terror and the church
 * The terror led to the disappearance of christianity in many parts of France
 * claiming that christianity was only superstition sans culottes had closed down churches and stole their bells and silver
 * The years were no longer counted as the christian way, they were changed to start at september 1792 when the republic was founded

Results of the terror
 * The committee of public safety achieved what they set out to do. It saved France from collapsing
 * by mid 1794, the French armies had driven driven their enemies out of france and occupied Austrian Netherlands
 * The reprosentatives on the missions had crushed all the revolts in the provinces
 * although prices were still raising, the committee avoided famine
 * 35000 - 40000 people were executed for the success of the committee

Summary France first declared war on Austria, and lost the war, so they took emergency measures. Priests who did not take tha oath, were expelled from the country. Louis disagreed with the measure against the priests, which angered his opponents, 20000 of them broke into Tuileries shouting abuse to him on 20th June. Brunswick Manifesto threatened people in paris with punishments, if Louis was harmed in anyway This made everyone in Paris carry weapons, with the excuse to protect the king. however they were used to get rid of the monarchy August 10th 1792, 20000 armed men and women marched to Tuileries to dethrone king Louis. The attack of Tuileries ended the monarchy, and suspended Louis, sending him and his family to prison, and a new assembly was set up called the convention. There were rumors that there were Austrian spies, and so the San Culottes, on september 1792, broke into the prisons of Paris and murdered 1400 prisoners, who they suspected to be austrian spies. France then declared war with Britain, Holland, and Spain, now almost at war with all of europe, however was losing all their battles. Prices of food was rising quickly and very high because of the war. Due to inflation, by 1793 the bank notes were only worth half its original price. The country ordered 300000 men to join the armies. This caused thousands of peasants to start an armed rebellion against the French government. Committee of public safety was formed, it was made of 12 people who had the power to do anything they wanted to save France. For the next twelve months, they controlled France very strictly and with very harsh punishments. Some of these punishments so harsh, that they were known as the reign of terror. Because of the number of executions, the Guillotine was invented by Doctor Guillotine. It was suggested to be used to behead the death sentences since it was less painful than the other execution ways before the revolution. Over 100 representatives were sent to the provinces with instructions to do anything necessary to restore order. More than 2000 died from drowning in Nantes, 2000 executed in Lyons. In August 1793 the convention ordered a "Mass Levy" of the French people, meaning that every citizen had to help in the war. Unmarried men had to join the armies, married men were to make guns for the army, women made tents, and served in hospitals, Children made gunpowder and bandages. Due to the Mass Levy, the french army now had 800000 men. The committee of public safety achieved what they set out to do. It saved France from collapsing, and by mid 1794 the French armies had driven driven their enemies out of france and occupied Austrian Netherlands. The reprosentatives on the missions had crushed all the revolts in the provinces although prices of food were still raising, the committee avoided famine. In the end 35000 - 40000 people were executed for the success of the committee.

Questions Why did the Committee come up with the idea of suspecting people? wouldn't this be used as a threat by the people, since they executed many people who may not have done anything wrong. What types of ways did France execute the people before the Guillotine was in use?

http://letsgotribe.mlblogs.com/archives/2007/10/the_tribe_pulls.html http://www.pccua.edu/keough/new_page_7.htm