-InNo+Ho+Soo's+Notes+(1-12)+Notebook+11.29.10

Awesomenesssss!

This is a chart I made and it is shows how different countries suffered. Many innocent soldiers suffered from famine, and lost their home and land. For example, **1,400,00****0** French soldiers were killed and another **2,500,000** were wounded in the fighting.



This is a picture of hundreds of people attending the Paris Peace Conference. In January 1919, the world's biggest peace conference was held in Paris. (Hundreds of politicians from 32 nations) - **Big Three-** David Lloyd George (Prime MInister of Britain) - Georges Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France) - Woodrow Wilson (President of United States of America) - They all had different point and ideas, so it was hard for them to uniform all their ideas.

= Great Suffering... =

- In France, good farmlands were totally ruined and changed into high-explosive shells. - Over two million people had to flee from their homes, three-quarters of a million of which were destroyed. - **1,400,00****0** French soldiers were killed and another **2,500,000** were wounded in the fighting.
 * France**

- Most of the country was **owned by the Germans** for four years. - Germans stripped machinery from the factories, took crops and rationed food, melted church bells to make amos. - The Germans also shot rebels. - Flanders is one part of Belgium that is not occupied, was ruined by fighting and the old city of Ypres lay in rubble. - Over 50,000 Belgium soldiers were dead.
 * Belgium**

- No part of the country was owned by any other countries. - 750,000 British soldiers lay dead and 1,500,000 were wounded, many crippled for life. - They were **heavily in debt**, they spend 9 billion pounds on the war and over 1 billion was borrowed money which would have to be repaid, mostly to the Americans.
 * Britain**

- In 1915 Italy joined the war because the Allies promised them that they would give them **Austrian land** after the war. - Three years of fighting they lost 600,000 soldiers dead and north-east Italy devastated.
 * Italy**

- Russia was the **only** allied country to surrender. - Famine was a great problem (1,700,000 soldiers down) in 1917 - Revolutions broke out and, at the end of the year, a communist government withdrew Russia's armies from the war. - They had to pay prize for surrendering. - In the end, one-third of all Russians found themselves under German rule.
 * Russia**

- American soldiers did not start fighting until late in 1917. - They only lost 116,000 men (which was small compared to all other countries)
 * The United States**

- Very little fighting took place on her soil. - Nearly two million soldiers were killed in the war and by 1918 the country was exhausted. - The British Navy **blockaded Germany's ports** to stop supplies getting in. - With the food ships unable to reach the ports, millions of Germans (mostly civilians) were starving.
 * Germany**

- Austria-Hungary lost 1,200,000 men - Turkish Empire lost 325,000 men - Bulgaria lost over 100,000 men - In mid-1918, more than 25 million people all over the world died because of the Spanish influenza. - People then realized it was time to end the war and make new treaties.
 * The suffering of war**

= Great Expectations... =

- In January 1919, the world's biggest peace conference was held in Paris. (Hundreds of politicians from 32 nations) - **Big Three-** David Lloyd George (Prime MInister of Britain) - Georges Clemenceau (Prime Minister of France) - Woodrow Wilson (President of United States of America) - They all had different point and ideas, so it was hard for them to uniform all their ideas.
 * The paris Peace Conference**

2. Germany must be made so weak that she could never attack France again. Clemceaus was also known as '**The Tiger'**
 * Clemeceaus's (idea)-** 1. Germany must pay for the damage done to France in the war. (the cost was 200,000,000,000 gold francs)

- Wilson demanded the **'Fourteen Points'** - Wilson also said that Germany shouldn't pay the money because they are no the only country that should be blamed for the war.
 * Woodrow Wilson (idea)-** His aim was to make future wars impossible by creating a fair peace.
 * National self-determination**- People living under the rule of foreign empires must be allowed to form their own nations and choose their own govn.
 * -** Wilson suggested that the peace treaties should create a **League of nation**

- In fact, the British citizens wanted to punish the Germans harshly. - 'Hang Kaiser' 'Make Germany Pay'
 * David Lloyd George**- He agreed a lot with Wilson's Fourteen Points.

- Wilson's idea started off very smoothly. - Then everything started to go wrong... - The Peace Conference rapidly became a free-for-all in which the victors competed with each other to carve up the lands of the defeated powers. - Germany, Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria, and Turkey wasn't in the free-for-all. - People then started to question if the peace conference was going right.
 * Making the Peace**

= Germany Re-Made The Treaty of Versailles = - On 28 June 1919, made treaty of Versailles. (Mainly because of Germany) 1. A **League of Nation**s was set up 2. Germany had to give land away to neighboring countries. 3. All Germany's overseas colonies were taken away and put under the rule of the League of Nations. 4. All the land which Germany had taken from Russia in 1918 was now taken back. 5. Germany's armed forces was minimized. 6. The western part of Germany was made into a **DMZ** (demilitarized zone) 7. Germany was not allowed to untie with Austria in order to make a single German-speaking state. 8. Germany had to accept for starting the Great war (clause 231 stated this as **war guilt case**) 9. Germany had to pay **reparations** (the cost of repairing war damage)
 * Covenant of the League of Nations**- The first twenty-six clauses described how it was to work

= Europe Re-Shaped: The other Paris Peace Treaties = - Treaty makers had to deal with the defeated partners, Austria Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Turkish Empire. - In fact, they all had riots, practicing Woodrow Wilson's idea of self-determination. - All the conference just suggested minor changes.

- Austria-Hungary was dealt with by two treaties signed at **Saint Germain** and **Trianon**, two royal palaces near Paris. - Austria-Hungary then became two independent states. - They also had to **pay** **money** for starting the war, and give away lands.
 * Austria-Hungary**

- **Treaty of Neuilly**- gave away land to her neighbors and made her pay reparations as well as reduce her armed forces.
 * Bulgaria**

- Russia did not attend the Peace Conference, but the treaties did much to change their country. - The Treaty of Versailles gave much of the conquered land back to Russia, but not all of it. - Her provinces on the Baltic Sea- Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania- all became independent state. - The peacemakers gave part of southern Russia to Romania. - Russia's Polish provinces were not returned.
 * Russia**

- The land taken from Germany was particularly important; the 'POlish Corridor' gave her free access to the ports on the Baltic Sea.
 * Poland**

- The **Treaty of Sevres** was very harsh. It took away nearly all Turkey's land in Europe and put the Turkish Straits under League of Nations control. Turkey- The barren and mountainous area known as Asia Minor
 * The Turkish Empire**

= The League of Nations =


 * The League of Nations**- All five of the Paris Peace Treaties began in the same way, by describing a new organization for keeping peace in the world.

-The organization of the League of Nations The Covenant of the League of Nations- It described how peace was to keep.

-They would talk to each other when there are conflicts and it would take place in the League’s Assembly.

Collective security- if a member was attacked, all other members would go to its help. Help would be arranged by the Council of the League, a smaller body which could meet quickly in crisis. - Much of the work of the League was done by **commissions**. - The **Disarmament Commission** worked to convince member countries to minimize the size of their armed forces and to cut down their stocks of weapons. - **Health Organization**- Improving the world’s health. - **International Labor Organization**- aimed to improve the conditions in which people worked. - **Permanent Court of Justice**- based in Holland, to ry legal disputes between countries.

- This league was actually pretty weak. - Problems were the USA refused to join, and was that the League did not have an army to back up its decisions.
 * Problems for the League of Nations**

1.Why was Clemenceau nicknamed the "Tiger?" 2. Who is Woodrow WIlson? And what was his biggest aim and goal? 3. What is the DMZ and why did they make it? 4.What is the Covenant of the League of Nations? Why was this so important? 5. Who are the Big Three? What countries? Why were they so powerful?
 * Questions**

After the chaotic Great war, many countries suffered. Millions of people were killed, lands were taken, countries like Germany had to may huge money, (Because they were blamed for starting the war). In order for this to happen, countries made a treaty called the Paris Peace Treaty which was very huge. Countries then started to gather ideas and opinions, and make it into one opinion. The USA president Woodrow Wilson had great ideas and he didn't want this war to happen again. Soon after, they build the League of Nation.
 * Summary**


 * Citation**