InNo+11+(26-31)+Byue+10.21.10

=__Awesomeness__= Creating a cartoon strip for this InNo was harder because nothing in these few pages were necessarily easy to make a comic strip of. Either one event was too short too, or it just didn't make sense putting it in a comic strip, aka. Lenin's death. This comic strip tells the brief story of the war between the Red Army and the White Army. Box 1 shows a brief number of soldiers between the White and Red Army. White Army has slightly more people because it is also joined by France, Britain, America and Japan. Because of this, the Red Army had to be super discipline in order to have a chance winning, which is explained in Box 2, showing a soldier who is attempting to leave. He will be shot in the lovely head. Box 3 shows the White Army running away when the Red Army becomes very strong, and when the foreign countries leave. The White Armies aren't as strong and aren't united. The Red Army was safe.

This is a port of Kronstadt, the seaport town where 10,000 sailors got attacked by Trotsky's army with 60,000 troops. This picture might make people wonder what Kronstadt looked like during the revolution. Perhaps it looked exactly same? Perhaps the number '210' on the ship had something to do with the revolution? Picture

=PART 3 - Lenin's Russia= 11. “Peace At Any Price” __The first decrees of Sovnarkom__ · began issuing orders the day it was created, Lenin as chairman o Nov 8 1917 – **land** – took 540 million acres away from Tsar, nobles, church + other landlords, then given to peasants o Nov 8 – **peace** – Sovnarkom make peace with Russia’s enemies at once o Nov 12 – **work** – 8-hour day, 48 hour week for industrial workers + rules about overimte and holidays o Nov 14 – **unemployment** **insurance** – promised insurance to all workers against injury, illness + unemployment o Dec 1 – **press** –banned non-Bolshevik newspapers o Dec 11 – banned Russia’s main liberal party, Constitutional Democratic Party + ordered arrest of its leaders o Dec 20 – set up ‘All-Russian Extraordinary Commission to fight Counter-Revolution and Espionage” – **Cheka**: deal with enemies of Bols. o Dec 27 – **workers’ control** – all factories under control of elected committees of workers o Dec 27 – **banking** – Russian banks under Sovnorkom control o Dec 31 – **marriage** – couples allowed to have non-religious weddings and easier divorce __The Constituent Assembly__ · Nov 1917 elections held for Constituent Assembly – first free elections in Russia · Socialist Revolutionaries gained more seats in Assembly than all the other parties **PUT TOGETHER!** · They met first time on Jan 18 1914, but were told to stop meeting in less than 24 hours · Bols. Red Guards killed + wounded 100 ppl who supported Assembly, prevented elected Deputies from entering Assembly and closed it down permanently __The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk__ · December 3 1917 peace between Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary began at Brest-Litovsk, town at border of Germany · **Leon Trotsky** – Russia Commissar – dragged on the talk hoping that socialist revolution would start in Germany, thinking with a SG in Germany and Russia can make them go to peace easier o It never happened and because German army got too close to Petrograd, Lenin decided to make peace at any price · Treaty of Brest-Litovsk one of the hardest treaties ever made because Russia lost: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Ukraine and Georgia, which is also – 62 million people, 27% farm land, 26% railways + 74% iron ore and coal o 300 million gold roubles also paid to Germany · Lenin thought this would give Bols. ‘breathing space,’ but a civil war soon happened after that

12. Civil War and Foreign intervention · After peace, enemies inside Russia had war with Bolsheviks __The Czech Legion__ · 45,000 Czech prisoners taken on train to Vladivostok, but one load got into a quarrel with the Soviet of a town on the railway o became fight, Czechs won and soon other loads of prisoners joined the fight, and by end of 1918 nearly all Trans-Siberian Railway and towns along the route were in Czech hands · enemies of the Bols. joined Czechs and set up own governments, one most important called **Komuch** – short for Committee of Members of the Constituent Assmebly o organized enemies of Bols. into a People’s Army that advanced in Moscow and got 650 million gold roubles in an attack on government’s gold reserve at Kazan · Bols. government had to introduce comscription – men of 18-40 had to join army – **Red Army** · Trotsky had trouble finding leader because recruits were raw, but then used ex-officers of Tsar’s army, who if refused, had to go to prison · Officers who tried ditching will find their family taken hostage in kept in prison – with these methods, Trotsky found 22,000 officers to command + 330,000 men of Red Army __Red and Whites__ · Red army known as **Reds**, all enemies known as **Whites**, because color of Tsar was white, although not all whites supported the Tsar · 4 White armies attacked heartland of Russia, and as if thay wans’t bad enough, the Allies of Russia attacked them too o Allies were angry that Russia withdrew from the Great War and wanted to crush Bolshevik Government · So in total, Reds had to fight Whites + ‘armies of intervention’ from Britain, France, America, and Japan · Bolsheviks scared that Czech Legion would capture the towns and ex-Tsars might be saved and become leaders of Whites, so local Bols. shot Nicholas with Alexandra and Alexis + 4 daughters and servants · Lenin almost died when shot 3 times in the neck by a Socialist Revolutionary called Fanya Kaplan, but he recovered in weeks o All Fanya Kaplan achieved was convince Bols. that ruthless methods are needed when dealing with Whites o One week after shooting, Sovnarkom ordered the Checka to began ‘Red Terror’ __The Red Terror__ · Cheka led by Felix Dzerzhinsky, had HQ In Lubtanka Steet in Moscow, and in the cellars Cheka agents tortured prisoners to extract confessions · Hanged, beat, shot, and burned all who helped Whites, and soon even Bols. feared the Cheka · Trotsky made his own form of Terror: o Any scoundrel inciting anyone else to ditch will be shot o All soldiers of Red Army who ditches voluntarily will be shot o All soldiers who throws away fighting equipment will be shot o Guilty people of harboring ditchers are liable to be shot o Houses where ditchers are found are liable to be burned down · From his war train, Trotsky delivered supplies, gave encouragement + dealt with troublemakers, made sure Red Army was efficient fighting force · Soon Red Army began winning, and foreign armies left Whites to fight alone, and since Whites weren’t united, Trotsky fought them one at a time · 1919 only isolated Whites still fighting, and Bols. gov. was safe for this time

13. ‘One Step Backwards…’ War Communism and the Nep · 2 aims during war for Bols.: to keep Red Army supplied with food and weapons + introduce system of communism – these measures known as War Communism __War Communism__ · 5 aspects of War Communism: o all factories with > 10 workers were nationalized, taken over y government body called Vasenkha that decides what each industry should produce o all workers under gov. control, military discipline in factories including death penalties for strikers. Unemployed forced to join ‘Labor Armies’ – cutting trees or building roads, ex. o Private trading not allowed, peasants must give surplus food to gov.: no selling for profit o Gov. allowed money to lose value through inflation. In place of money, people encouraged to barter o Food strictly rationed in cities · Succeeded first aim but failed the other – sharing wealth · Peasants decided not to grow more than they needed when gov. took away surplus crops – food shortage in 1920 and famine in 1921 · Starvation + cold weather + disease killed 7 million Russians, and 25 million Russians lived under subsistence level according to //Pravda// newspaper __The New Economic Policy__ · March 1921 revolt of 10,000 sailors at **Kronstadt**, naval base near Petrograd, because War Communism was not what Bols. promised in 1917 · Trotsky and Red Army surrounded them with 60,000 troops, bombed it, attacked sailors’ HQ and many were killed, while survivors captured then later shot by Cheka · Lenin in March 1921 introduced **New Economic Policy** (NEP) and got rid of War Communism, NEP stated: o Peasants could sell surplus food for profit again o Peasants who increased food production paid less tax o Factories with < 20 workers would be given back to owners o People could use money again · Many Bols. shocked by this step backwards to Capitalist system, but Lenin said it would later take 2 steps forward towards communism · 1925 NEP begun work, and food production shot back up and industrial output increased dramatically __The 1923 Constitution__ · start of 1923 Russia gained new constitution called **Union of Soviet Socialist Republics** – country was now union of 4 republics – Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, and Caucasus · each had its own gov. with control over matters as public health, welfare, and education · national gov. in Moscow, Sovnarkom, retained control over national concerns such as armed forces, industry, communications and the secret police __Lenin’s Death__ · Lenin did not USSR grow to become one of the greatest powers of the 20th century world o 1922 and 1923 suffered strokes o 1924 died at 53 · body embalmed and put on display in a tomb in Red Square in Moscow · every year, millions visit his tomb, sign that he is regarded in the USSR as one of the greatest leaders of 20th century

Lenin made new changes in Savnarkom which made many more rights, and the first Constituent Assembly was elected, with Socialist Revolutionaries taking most seats. A treaty was signed between Russia and Germany but Russia had to give up many many lands, and when Lenin thought the Bolsheviks could take a break, a war was soon started again between Russia and enemies within. The Red Army was called REDS and all enemies of the Bolsheviks were known as WHITES, and soon when they were close to losing, Red Terror from the Cheka began, and Trotsky made his own terror too, which made foreign enemies leave and allowed REDS to fight WHITES alone, and REDS were safe. War Communism made Lenin take a step back into Capitalism and Bolsheviks were shocked, but Lenin said that later they would take 2 steps forward into Communism. In 1923, a new Constitution said that Russia was USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), and the country was made up of 4 nations,but Lenin didn't see USSR grow strong because he died at 53 of strokes, but people in USSR still regard him as one of the greatest leaders of the 20th century.
 * __SUMMARY__**

1. Why did Lenin get rid of War Communism and introduce the New Economic Policy? Why were many Bolsheviks shocked? 2. Which aim during the Civil War did the Bolsheviks not achieve in War Communism? 3. How did Czechs start off being prisoners then suddenly having almost all of the Trans-Siberian Railway? 4. Why was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk one of the hardest treaties ever made? 5. Why was making the Treaty not effective? What happened right after?
 * __Questions__**