InNo+Jeffooo+01.11.11

During the great depressing, people were finding it really hard to find jobs as most countries were shutting down their industries. This is a picture of men who are looking for a decent job during the great depression. The red lines represent the Maginot lines which the French had created to defend against the Germans when Hitler had a rearmament

A toondoo i made briefly summarizing the chapter we read

**The "New Era": Hopes for peace in 1929**
 * in 1929, people believed the world was going to peace


 * Locarno and the "New Era"**
 * European statesmen met for a conference
 * Discussed problems unsettled since the great war
 * Germany and France were still on bad terms
 * Germany could not pay for the damages they had done to France and Belgium
 * **Locarno Treaties** - agreements made during the Locarno conferrence
 * Respect each others borders (Germany wont attack Franceand Belgium)
 * France and belgium would never use force against Germany
 * Britain and Italy was to make sure the terms were not broken
 * France promised to support Poland, and Czechoslovakia if Germany quarreled with them
 * All countries agreed never to have another war


 * Friendship between nations**
 * 1929, all but Paraguay and Bolivia were at peace
 * Many countries signed agreements of peace with each other
 * **Kellog-Briand Pact** - Set up by ministers of US and France to not use war to settle disputes
 * By july 1929, 65 countries signed the pact
 * USSR signed the **Eastern Pact** with six of its neighbouring states, agreeing not to use war to settle disputes
 * Friendship were made between countries which had been in dispute with each other


 * The League of Nations**
 * Tenth anniversary of the League of Nations in 1929
 * **Collective security -** countries in the league ofnations agreed not to fight one another, and if one did the rest would join forces to defend the country under attack
 * Three peace keeping actions the League realistically considered taking
 * Deal with a dispute by legal means
 * Impose economic **sanctions** on an attacker (all league of nation memberswill refuse totrade with attacker, leaving the attacker with an economic ruin)
 * Impose military sanctions agaisnt the attacker
 * Over the 10 years, the league was able to end disputes between member countries without useing sactions except for 2 of them.
 * League of nations had special departments which were doing work to improve international relations
 * **Disarmament Commission** - tried to persuade member nations to reduce weapon stocks
 * 60 nations would meet in Geneva in 1932 for a disarmament conference


 * The limitations of the league**
 * the league had some limitations
 * united states, USSR, and most of europe was not part of the league
 * Countries like Germany did not really take the league seriously as they had lost WWI
 * The league had no proof that it could stop a war between two powerful countries


 * The great depression**
 * in 1929 there was an economic breakdown and the united states fell deep in their economic history
 * **Protectionism** - used by the united states and britain by rejecting some foreign trade, to increase work in their own country
 * The more each country depended on itself, the less cooperation they had between each other
 * in germany 6 million out of 64 million were unemployed by 1933
 * half of japan's factories closed down, and many japanese peasants starved as the price of their crops like silk dropped
 * millions of people in east europe fell in poverty as the price of wheat dropped
 * people blamed their governments, and joined political parties which promised to help them if they rose in power
 * in germany and japan anti-democratic governments came to power


 * The problem of empires**
 * the great depression was a threat as the world had only just managed to gain peace
 * after the great war, France and Britain enlarged their empires by taking over German colonies.
 * Italians, Japanese and German politicians were thinking to steal colonies to improve their economy.
 * Their colonies demanded independence; Britain couldn’t help achieve world peace.


 * The Attracion of manchuria**
 * **Japan took over four areas in and around China** – Formosa, Korea, Liaodong and Kiaochow.
 * Japan wanted **Manchuria** the most because:
 * It had an area of 192,000 square kilometers, population: 28 million
 * 3x the size of Japan
 * Rich in agriculture and mineral products
 * Railways
 * In 1931 Japan controlled most of Manchuria’s economy, controlled mines, railways, factories, ports
 * Great Depression caused unrest in Japan, therefore Japanese soldiers wanted to conquer Asia in order to escape depression.


 * Japan invades Manchuria**
 * Acted against government, Kwantung army took over Manchuria.
 * 18 September 1931, bombed the Manchuria railway and blamed the Chinese
 * China asked LoN for help, but claimed the attack was work of military hot heads
 * Occupied entire Manchuria and named it **Manchukuo**


 * The League and Manchuria**
 * Other countries did not want to use sanctions against Japan because they’re economy was failing
 * Japan resigned from the league and went to occupy Chinese province of Jehol.
 * Manchuria affairs damaged reputation of the league.


 * The revival of Germany**
 * January 1933: Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in


 * Hitler's Foreign Policy Aims:**
 * strong views about Germany's place in the world and refused to believe that the German army had been beaten
 * Hitler's 3 Basic aims in his foreign policy
 * aimed to tear up the **Treaty of Versailles**
 * unite all Germans
 * give Germans "lebensraum"


 * Re-armament:**
 * Hitler needed large armed forces to achieve his aims
 * Treaty limited German army to 100,000 men
 * abolished air forces, submarines and only 6 warships
 * 1933 Hitler announced a secret plan to increase the armed forces
 * 300,000 men
 * built 1000 aircraft and secretly train pilots
 * next 2 year, Germany had re-armed in secret
 * Luftwaffle created, had 2500 aircraft
 * 300,000 men
 * compulsory military service for all men (550,000 soldiers)


 * Reactions to German Re-armament:**
 * When Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, Germany was crippled by the Depression
 * British had their own problems- did not want to be deeply involved with European affairs
 * French were unwilling to halt the re-armament by force, and instead, put their efforts into defending France with the **Maginot Line**
 * fought along the borders of Germany and France
 * when Nazis in Austria tried to overthrow the Austrian government and killing the Chancellor, people thought Hitler would unite Austria with Germany
 * Mussolini places forces on the border of Austria and Italy
 * Hitler abandoned the any plans he might have had to take over Austria
 * Hitler's announcement of compulsory military service alarmed the other European countries, no military actions were made however
 * France, Britain and Italy met at Stresa in Italy to form **Stresa Front**, blocking future German advances

After the great war there was a brief time of peace controlled by the league of nations, however the great depression was able to slowly destroy the world wide cooperation, and as countries started to fall economically and starve, they start to get eager to find a way out by looking to other countries. This is the beginning to lead to a second world war.
 * Summary:**

1. name one of the rules in the Locarno treaties? 2. what was the point of collective security? 3. which countries fought for Manchuria? 4. Who became Chancellor of Germany? 5. What country took over Manchuria and named it Manchukuo?
 * Questions:**

Works Cited +unescape(commentArray[5])+. "Awesome by chococlick - ToonDoo - World's fastest way to create cartoons!." //ToonDoo - World's fastest way to create cartoons!//. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2011. .

"http://techbuddha.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/nobody_knows_you.jpg." //http://techbuddha.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/nobody_knows_you.jpg//. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2011. .

"upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Maginot_Line_ln-en.jpg." //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Maginot_Line_ln-en.jpg//. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2011. .