InNo+eunyoungpx2013+Feb.28.2011

Global war Part2 

toc **ch5: The great fatherland war**
 -in 1939, USSR signed a pact, so Stalin did not try to stop Hitler -Hitler hated communism and had long planned to destroy the soviet union -Stalin, who knew about this signed the pact because the soviet armed forces were not yet ready to fight -the pact gave him time to prepare the country for war -by the start of 1941, the pact was no longer useful to Hitler -he ordered his generals to prepare an invasion of the USSR as soon as possible

 The invasion code named Barbarossa, began on 22 June 1941 -2 German armies of 3.2 million men poured over the Soviet frontier -destroyed the soviet air forces -captured huge quantities of supplies. -On 3 July, Stalin made a radio speech telling the Soviet people to use 'scorched earth' against the Germans --By the end of Sep, the Germans had occupied the Ukraine, the Donets basin and the Crimea, all rich farming and industrial regions -Germans advance on the Moscow led to panic and many people left

 4 things stopped Germans from defeating the USSR 1. the Soviet authorities moved many important weapons factrories to eastern region beyond reach of the Germans. 2.USSR's bad weather. 3. help from the USA and from Britain 4.the behavior of the German armed forces strengthened the will of the Soviet people to survive.

ch6: war spreads to the far east
 In 1939, when war began in Europe, US wanted to keep out of it -During the 1930s, the US congress had passed a series of Neutrality Laws and it had given little money to the armed forces -In 1939, the US army ranked only 39th -The US Navy was smaller than its main rival. -The Japanese spent the 1930s doing the exact opposite to the Americnas -Between 1931-1941, Japanese invaded and occupied first china and then French Indo-china Also spent massively on their armed forces, making them 3rd largest in the world, experienced and well-equipped.

 after war started in 1939 ->The neutrality laws were amended to allow British to buy wr supplies from US on 'cash and carry' basis -in 1940 the US navy gave 50 destroyers and helped protect British ships -in March 1941, congress passed a Lend-Lease act, allowing the USA to provide Britain with guns, tanks, warships and plane. -later this was also given to USSR -US stopped sale oil to Japan
 * cash and carry** :the British had to pay in dollars or gold and collect the goods in their own ship

 -Because Japan needed oil so much, they plan to attack British and Dutch colonies in south Africa. -And to do this, on sunday 7 Dec 1941, they attack pearl harbor. -but US did not loose aircraft carriers and oil.

 on 8 Dec, Britain and USA declared war on Japan -next 34 hrs, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa and 8 other countries declared war on Japan -Because of Tripartite Axis Pact, Germany and Italy helped Japan and they declared war on USA -On 1 Jan 1942, 26 nations signed a pact known as **United Nations Declaration**  On 8 Dec, Japan destroyed US aircraft on the ground in the Philippines, and attack Guam -On 10 Dec, Japanese torpedo aircraft sank the British warships"Prince of wales" and "repulse" -On 15 Feb 1942, Japanese forces captured Singapore, taking prisoner 140,000 British and Empire troops. -Within 6 months of their attack on pearl harbor, the japanese had brought all of south east asia and the western oacific under their control -It damaged British and American force in the region

ch7: war at sea
 -up to 1914, there were no great sea battles between the German and British fleets -The only major sea battle was in Dec. 1939, when three British warships trapped the German pocket battle ship "Grafspee" in the River plate in south America -in May 1941, the Germans decided to create a squadron of powerful warships. -their aim was to attack British convoys deep in the Atlantic -two ships sailed out of the Baltic on 18 May but a British aircraft spotted them as they sheltered in a fjord in Norway. -17 ships were sent to chase them -on May when they engaged the German ships in battle, a single shot from Bismarck penetrated the weak deck armour of HMS Hood and blew it up. ->killed 1400 crew -British sent warships to hunt the Bismarck. -on 26 May a torpedo from one of the carrier Ark Royal's aircraft damaged the Bismarck' steering gear/ -on 27 May British ships caught up with the Bismarck and destroyed her with gunfire& torpedoes -The prinz Eugen had escaped the British ships and was able to join the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau in Brest -In March 1942, 3 ships made many attacks on British  -**U-boat**, which could hunt ships unseen beneath the waves and destroy them, was dangerous to British -In 1939, a single submarine penetrated the Royal Navy's harbour at scapa Flow and sank the battle ship Royal oak -After the fall of France in July 1940, they could use French port as bases for attacks on ships far out in the Atlantic. -as As protection against u-boat attacks, ships travelled in convoys -However, German took to hunt in 'wolf packs' of 15 to 20 U-boats which waited in a line across likely convoy routes, ready to attack. -by early 1941, many British ships were sunk  -The battle of the Atlantic widened after the United States joined the war in December 1941 -U-boats had attacked only British ships, but now they also attacked US ships, in the Caribbean and in the Gulf of MExico, it sunk 200 ships before US navy began it's own convoy system -As the battle of the Atlantic went on into 1943, the America and British helped each other to invent things to find and destory U-boats -Ex. High frequency direction finding could dectect even very short radio signals fron a surfaced U-boat -discovery of '**Enigma**' __coding machine__ on board a captured U-boat was very helpful -- it helped British to decipher the secret Ultra codes which the Germans used for sending orders to the U-boats -in March 1943, when 40 U-boats attcked 2 allied convoys in the 'Black Gap', out of 92 ships in the convoys 21 were sunk for the loss of only one U-boat. -German attacked on a slow convoy again but this time they were well prepared and by using radar, fast boats they sank 7 U-boats for the loss of 12 ships. -After this Germans had sailed to cut Britain's supply life line across the ocean. Summary: This chapter talks about Japan's attack against US, US's involving in war and German's U-boat. Japan's attack on US caused US to involve in war. During War U-boat was dangerous thing for British and US so they helped each other to destroy U-boat.

Questions: 1.Why did Japan invade china? 2.Why did US join War? 3. How was U-boat dangerous to British? 4. What were some inventions that British and US made to destroy U-boats? 5. How did US help British to defeat German and why?

Original owesome: Awesome part: (This is a picture of German U-boat. With U-boat German sunk many British's warships, so U-boat was very dangerous for British.)

(This is a picture of pearl harbor. Japan's attack on pearl harbor caused US to join the war.)