InNo+5+End+of+Chapter+2+Liam2013+9.8.10

WAR

 * It Began April 20, 1792
 * France Declared War on Austria
 * France wanted a quick win
 * First attacked in Belgium
 * People were starting to fear the Austrians when prussia joined forces
 * ordered every available soldier to the frontier
 * Then on July 11 it is declared that " the fatherland is in danger" and all appealed citizens to the army/ frontier
 * King Louis Disagreed *
 * Then his opponents broke into tuileries on June 20 and shouting abuse to him
 * It became more difficult, the enemy commander Duke of Brunswick issued a statement known as the Brunswick Manifesto
 * This Threatened the people of paris if they touched Louis in anyway

**The storming of the Tuileries**


 * **﻿August 10, 1792** armed men and women marched into the tuileries determined to de-thrown Louis XVI
 * the national guard aided them in there attack on the palace
 * 600 Swiss Guards Died defending the king, they were outnumbered

OverThrow of Monarchy

 * The Attack led to the end of the monarchy
 * Louis was suspended from office
 * New Assembly was called
 * On September 21, 1792 Louis was De- Thrown and France was declared a Republic
 * Two Months Later he was put on trial for treason and sentenced to death
 * **BEHEADED!** in public on **January 21, 1793**

= The Sans Culottes =
 * People that Overthrew the king called themselves the Sans Culottes
 * Mainly the working people of paris
 * They **HATED Nobles**
 * They adresed each other as citizen or comrade
 * They were republicans
 * claimed they had the right to carry weapons, use them against opponents,so then on September 1792 they broke into the prisons of paris, murdered 1400 prisoners who were believed to support austria

The War Spreads

 * Millions were shocked that King XVI was Executed
 * The Monarchs were outraged
 * Then Austria and Prussia were joining totally to try and defeat france *
 * Aim was to destroy France's New Republic
 * Started to get war hungry and spread the revolution to rest of France
 * Declared war on Spain, Britain, and Holland
 * Now France was at war with the most part of Europe
 * France's army was not looking good
 * they lost a major battle in the netherlands
 * A French Commander Mid battle switched to the other side abandoning his men. ( General Dumouriez)

Inflation and Shortages

 * Price of Food was rising because the Government was printing more bills called assignats to fund the war.
 * More Bank notes printed the less they were worth
 * By February 1793, each bill was worth about half of its face value
 * Farmers were not willing to sell there bread for worthless bills
 * So Sans Culottes raided shops to get food they couldn't buy.

Rebellion

 * Government needed 300,000 men to help defend the country
 * Peasants banded together with weapons to do an armed rebellion against the government
 * this then caused a political conflict between girondins and Jacobins
 * Then on June 2nd a large sum of Sans Culottes Broke in to the convention and expelled the leading Girondins
 * Groups that supported them revolted
 * By Summer of 1793 68 out of 83 joined in the rebellion against the Government

= Reign of Terror! =
 * Convention made an emergency group called the Committee of public safety
 * 12 members had power to do anything they thought could save france
 * for the next year they ran France strictly and under a harsh punishments for those that imposed
 * Thus being called the "Reign of Terror"

= The Law of Suspects =
 * Groups of citizens in each town had to draw up a list of people who they thought were opposing the Government
 * A Quarter of a million suspects were arrested
 * sent to paris for trial by Revolutionary Tribunal
 * senteces included imprisonment, deportation or death.
 * Most sentences were death

The Guillotine

 * Death Sentences were carried out by the guillotine
 * beheading prisoners
 * Named after Doctor Guillotin
 * it was a Quicker less painful execution style than they had before the revolution

**Terror in The Provinces**

 * Committee of Public Safety took strong measures to crush the revolts
 * Vendee was were the largest revolts took place
 * 2,000 were drowned as punishment, guillotine took to long

= Terror in the Armies =
 * August 1793, convention orered Mass Levy, of the french people.
 * Take an active part in war effort. unmarried had to join, married make weapons for them. Women make tents, serve in hospitals, children make bandages and gunpowder
 * The Mass Levy increased the size of the army to 800,000 men

Economic Terror

 * Tried to halt rise of food prices with law of maximum
 * meant that prices of major 40 goods had to stay fixed till further notice
 * breaking maximum resulted in death


 * Terror and the Church **
 * ** led to dissapearance of christianity. **
 * sans culottes closed churches robbed them of their bells and silver.
 * 1792-3 was renamed year one, took place in year two
 * year was divided into twelve third day months, names that would describe weather, growing seasons, months divided into three ten day weeks, sunday, abolished.

**Results of the Terror**
 * ** Saved france from collapse **
 * It Avoided Famine
 * 40000 people died
 * Committee of Public Safety was a dictatorship.

**The Coup of Thermidor**


 * ** Year two, (july 27th 1784-9) convention get rid of the committes leading memebr, robespierre, along with his supporters. **
 * 21 arrested guillotined the following day.
 * 96 arested the day after that for charges close to the ones before
 * Robespierre dead, convnetion reduced the power of the committee
 * Freed hundreds of subjects
 * abolished the maximum law
 * **END OF TERROR!**


 * SUMMARY:**


 * In This chapter France went through a lot of rapid change. King Louis was attacked and taken out of office and then Executed. France had declared war on Austria. The Sans Culottes were formed. Pretty much anyone could carry a weapon. A Committee of Saftey was also set up, which was really a huge REIGN OF TERROR! They abused there power and ruled France very harshly.**
 * But They did not reign for long because when their power was taken away they the terror stopped.**


 * Questions:**


 * Did the monarchs join along with prussia and Austria to defeat france?**


 * What was King Louis Upset with when the "fatherland was in danger" ?**