InNo+eunyoungpx2013+Sep.7.2010

**Revolution and Terror 1789-1794 pg 37-47** toc

**War** -war begin on April 1792 and France declared war on Austria(hoped for quick win) -Because Austrians were better organized, better equipped and better led, France's attack failed. -rumor flew that there was "Austrian Committee" in the Tuileries Palace and pass France's military secrets to Austrian. -When Prussia joined forces with Austria in May people's fear increased - Assembly ordered soldiers to the frontier -They put watch on all foreigners and said that people who refuse an oath of loyalty should be expelled. -On 11 July, they declared ' the fatherland is in danger' -Louis disagreed with the measure against priests -On 20 June people got mad and break into the Tuileries -Duke of Brunswick(the enemy commander) issued 'Brunswick Manifesto' -because of this when king Louis got hurt in ant way, people of Paris got punished -when Assembly heard this news, they have weapons to all the citizens and people wanted to set up a new kinds of assembly so they can have power.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The storming of the tuileries
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">On 10 August 1792 20,000 people marched to the Tuileries <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Guards tried to fight back but there were too many people <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-they killed 600 of the swiss Guards

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The overthrow of the monarchy
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Louis and his family were suspended from office and they were imprisoned

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">- new assembly called 'the convention' was set up <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-On 21 Sep 1792, they de-throne Louis and declared that France is Republic <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-on 21 Jan 1793, Louis was beheaded in public

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The sans culottes
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-**Sans culottes**->people who overthrew the king <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-they were working people <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-they had all different jobs, but had many similar ideas <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-they hated nobles <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-did not used word that had noble connection <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">ex. monsieur (my lord) -> madame (my lady) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">- they hated monarchy and thought that they must have power <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-named themselves or children after famous Republicans in the past <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Believed that everyone have equal rights <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-claimed right to carry weapons and use against opponents <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">ex. killed about 1,400 prisoners who were suspected of support America <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-this scared foreigners

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The war spread
-execution of Louis shocked people all over Europe -On 1793, countries that disagreed with new French Republic joined with Austria and Prussia to prepare for war -French people declared war on three latest members Britain, Holland and Spain. -Austrian forces beat France -General Dumouriez(French commander) went over to the Austrian side

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Inflation and shortages
-major problem was high price of food because of money spend for the war -even though government printed lot of paper money, it was not worth -Sans Culottes start to attack stores and steal food

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Rebellion
-to defend country, they needed 300,000 men to join army but people did not want to join -In the Vedee, lot of peasants joined armed rebellion against the government -there was conflict between two politicians in the convention Girondins and Jacobins Girondins: people who held important posts in the government Jacobins: people who supported by the Sans culottes -on 2 June Sans culottes expelled Girondins -By summer 1793, 60 out of 83 departments joined the rebellion against the governent =<span style="color: #efb634; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The region of terror = <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-convention set up an emergency group 'Committee of Public Safety' <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-12 members had power <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-for the next 12 months they run France very strictly and imposed harsh punishments on opponents. their rule was so harsh that it was called 'Region of terror'

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Law of Suspects
<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿ <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿- in 1793 committee set up 'Law of Suspects' <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Groups of citizens in every town had to draw up lists of people they suspected of opposing the government <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-over quarter of a millions suspects were put in jail <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-they were sent to paris for trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**Revolutionary Tribunal**: a special court set up to deal with political offences -around half of sentences were death sentence.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿The guillotine
Death sentences were carried out with recently invented machines -Doctor Guillotine suggested use guillotine and said that it's less painful -Around 17,000 suspects were executed by guillotine -Marie Antoinette was the first to die

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Terror in the provinces
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-committee of Public Safety took strong measures to crush the revolts in the country side <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Vendee was the place where biggest revolt was took <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-when guillotine took long time to execute they drowned about 2,000 people in the River Loire

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Terror in the armies
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-In Aug 1793 convention ordered a 'Mass Levy'->every citizens had to take an active part in the war <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-unmarried men had to join army <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-married men had to make weapons for them <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-women had to make tents and serve in hospital <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-children had to make bandages and gunpowder <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-the mass levy increased the French army to 800,000 men <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-General who did not win battles were replaced by younger officers who had proved their ability in action

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Economic terror
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-In sep 1793, committee tried to halt the rise in food price with 'Law of the Maximum' <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">->price of 40 foods must stay fixed until further notice <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-there was death penalty when people don't follow the law

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Terror and the Church
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-terror led to the disappearance of the Christian religion <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Sans culottes closed down the church <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-'cult of Reason' took the place of Christinanty <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**cult of Reason**: based on revolutionary ideas such as liberty -new calendar was introduced -each year was divided into 12 months(30 days) with names describe weather or seasons.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Results of the Terror
<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-**Committee of public safety** saved France from collapse <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-By mid 1794, French armies had driven their enemies out of France and occupied the Austrian Netherlands. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-although prices was still rising, committee managed to avoid famine <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-people's rights and freedoms had been limited <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-committee became a kind of king of 12 man dictatorship

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The coup of Thermidor
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-By the summer of 1794, committee was not popular <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><why people disliked committee> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-many deputies disliked it because they thought committee have too much power <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-because they were feared ending up under the guillotine <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-because they could not see need for the terror because revolt was over and France was winning the war <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Sans culottes did not like them because their wages were held down by the maximum law <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">On 27 July 1794-9, convention decide to get rid of committee's leading member Robespierre <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-21 peopel were guillotined the following day and 96 were executed the day after <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-After Robespierre died, committee's power was reduced <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-they abolished the Maximum and got rid of revolutionary Tribunal

<span style="color: #bb00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Summary
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">This chapter shows how violent people were during the revolution. people executed Louis and leading groups that did bad job were executed too. At first committee did good job, but when they became too powerful, sans culottes and others start to dislike committee and at the end they executed the leading member of committee(Robespierre). <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">This reduced committee's power and get rid of revolutionary tribunal. Also, During the revolution, many people died under guillotine and drowned.

<span style="color: #bb00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Questions:
<span style="color: #bb00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Did people really like about guillotine? <span style="color: #bb00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">-Did Marie Antoinette try to escape before execution?

<span style="color: #bb00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Fun!
guillotine