InNo+seank2013+11.29.10

=The World Re-Made= Part 1: Making Peace

Awesome
Very specific and detailed description on the LEAGUE OF NATIONS; take a LOOK: []

A diagram of the main bodies of the LEAGUE OF NATIONS ('nuff said):

Chapter 1: Great Suffering
France Belgium Britain Italy Russia The United States Germany The suffering of war
 * 1) The worst of the fighting took place here
 * 2) Areas were ruined, farm land churned
 * 3) Countless farm animals disappeared into soldiers' cooking pots.
 * 4) Two million people had to flee from their homes
 * 5) 23 000 of the factories, 5 600 kilometers of railway line, 48 000 kilometers of road
 * 6) 1 400 000 French soldiers were killed
 * 7) 2 500 000 were wounded
 * 1) It was occupied by Germany for four years
 * 2) It stripped them of machinery from factories
 * 3) They took crops and rationed foods
 * 4) Melted church bells to make guns, and shot rebels
 * 5) Flanders, was ruined by fighting and the old city of Ypres lay in rubble
 * 6) 50 thousand soldiers died
 * 1) No part of their country was every occupied by the enemy
 * 2) 750 000 British soldiers died
 * 3) 1 500 000 wounded
 * 4) Were in debt because of spending too much money on war
 * 5) Most of this borrowed money was from America
 * 1) Three years of fighting
 * 2) 600 000 soldiers died
 * 3) North-east Italy devestated
 * 1) Surrendered
 * 2) Mass hunger and deaths of 1 700 000 soldiers
 * 3) Revolution broke out
 * 4) The treaty of Brest-Litovsk which they signed to surrender gave Germany all Russia's western provinces.
 * 5) 1/3 of Russians were under German rule
 * 1) 116 000 men died
 * 1) Very little fighting took place on her soil
 * 2) 2 million soldiers were killed
 * 3) The innocent people who had to suffer were the civilians
 * 4) Revolution started
 * 5) British Navy stopped the supplies to Germany's ports
 * 6) Millions faced starvation
 * 1) 1 200 000 Austrian men lost their lives
 * 2) 325 000 of the Turkish empire
 * 3) Bulgaria lost 100 000
 * 4) Spanish influenza was the greatest killer of the war
 * 5) Epidemic that killed 25 million people
 * 6) The victorious nations were determined to never let this happen again by making treaties to make lasting peace

Chapter 2: Great Expectations...
The Paris Peace Conference Making the peace
 * 1) Biggest peace conference in world's history
 * 2) The 'Big Three' were, David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain, Geroges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France, and Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America.
 * 3) Clemenceau's aims were straightforward
 * 4) First, Germany must pay for the damage done to France.
 * 5) The cost: 200 000 000 000 gold francs.
 * 6) Second, Germany must be made so weak that she could never attack France
 * 7) This would mean taking much of her land, industry and armed forces.
 * 8) France called Clementau 'The Tiger'
 * 9) Woodrow Wilson wanted to make future wars impossible by creating a fair peace
 * 10) 'Fourteen points'
 * 11) There must be no more secret agreements between countries. If countries dealt openly with each other, there would be less suspicion and misunderstanding in the world.
 * 12) Countries must reduce their armed forces and their weapons
 * 13) People live under the rule of foreign empires should be allowed to form their own nations and choose their own governments.
 * 14) All countries should belong to a new organization for keeping peace in the world. They should create a league of nations
 * 15) David Lloyd George
 * 16) He agreed with many of Wilson's Fourteen Points
 * 17) But the British Public wanted to take revenge and be tough with Germany
 * 1) Woodrow Wilson, with detailed ideas for making peace, quickly got his way.
 * 2) They set up the League of Nations for the first two months.
 * 3) Then they turned to the problem of national self-determination
 * 4) The Peace Conference became a free-for-all in which victors competed with each other to carve up the lands of the defeated powers.

Chapter 3: Germany Re-Made The Treaty of Versailles

 * 1) The Treaty of Versailles dealt with Germany
 * 2) It was very long, 200 page document with 400 separate sections
 * 3) League of nations was set up. The first 26 clauses described how it worked
 * 4) Germany had to give land away to neighboring countries
 * 5) All overseas colonies were taken away and put under the League of Nations
 * 6) All of the land taken from Russia were given back and some were to create new nations
 * 7) Germany's armed forces were reduced to an army of 100 000 men and a navy with no more than six battle ships.
 * 8) No submarines and no air force were allowed
 * 9) The Western part of Germany was made into **Demilitarized** **zone**. No soldiers or weapons were allowed there.
 * 10) Germany was forbidden to unite with Austria
 * 11) Germany had to accept the blame for starting the Great War
 * 12) They had to pay for repairs for the war damage.
 * 13) The Germans considered this a 'Diktat' - a dictated peace but they had to sign it

Chapter 4: Europe Re-Shaped: The Other Paris Peace Treaties
Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Russia Poland The Turkish Empire
 * 1) Treaties at Saint Germain and Trianon
 * 2) Made Austria and Hungary into separate and independent states
 * 3) They also had to pay repairs for war damage
 * 4) A large part of Hungary was handed to Romania
 * 1) Treaty of Neuilly
 * 2) Gave land to their neighbors and pay repairs
 * 3) Reduce army
 * 1) They lost parts of its land to Romania
 * 1) They gained their independence and were now a country
 * 2) They gained land from Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia
 * 1) The Treaty of Sevres
 * 2) It took away nearly all Turkey's land and Turkish straights and put them under the League of Nation's control
 * 3) Her Arab lands were made into lands that were controlled by the French and British until the people of those lands were ready to rule themselves
 * 4) The League of Nations made sure that France and Britain governed these mandates properly
 * 5) The only part of the Empire that was given independence was Arabia
 * 6) Armies from Britain, France, Italy and Greece were to occupy what remained of Turkey - the barren and mountainous area known as Asia Minor

Chapter 5: The League of Nations
The organization of the League of Nations Problems for the League of Nations
 * 1) If any member quarrelled with another member, they won't go to war, but talk about their differences
 * 2) Talks would be placed in the League's Assembly which each member country had one vote
 * 3) If this did not work, and a member was attacked, all other members would go to its help.
 * 4) This was known as collective security
 * 5) Much of the League's work were done through commissions
 * 6) The Disarmament Commission basically persuaded countries to reduce their size of their armed forces.
 * 7) Health Organization was made for improving the wrold's health
 * 8) International Labor organization aimed to improve conditions in which people worked
 * 9) Other special committees had the job of improving women's rights, stopping drug smuggling, and helping refugees
 * 10) Permanent Court of Justice (a world law court)
 * 11) It served to settle legal disputes between countries
 * 1) It looked impressive on paper but it was in actuality rather weak
 * 2) There were two big problems
 * 3) America were not interested in getting involved with other countries problems so they didn't join
 * 4) Communist Russia and defeated Germany did not join because they were not allowed to do so.
 * 5) So three great countries of the world were absent from the League of Nations at its birth
 * 6) The league did not have an army to back up its decisions.
 * 7) It could settle disputes but couldn't really force countries to stop fighting.

Summary
The victorious nations of the Great War had the great responsibility to restore and remake peace in the world. They started with a meeting known as the Paris Peace Conference. During this meeting the 'Big Three' made the idea of the League of Nations that was a Union of all the countries in the world to make lasting peace. The defeated nations of the Great War were to only seek mercy from the treaties and the country that lost the most was Germany. Even though there were some problems with the league of nations, many people were still very enthusiastic about its ideal.

Questions

 * 1) What nation had lost the most in the Great War? Who lost the least? Why?
 * 2) Who were the 'Big Three' and why were they called that?
 * 3) What happened to Germany after the Treaty of Versailles?
 * 4) Why were French and British people sent to Turkey?
 * 5) What were the two main problems for the League of Nations?