InNo+Jeffooo+04.10.11

media type="youtube" key="FFZvCJYDme0" width="425" height="350" The First atomic bomb testing was during the Manhattan project. The first atomic bomb was tested successfully at the Trinity Site in southeastern New Mexico in July 1945, it showed enough firepower to destroy cities. It was after this test, where the U.S realized that they were able to easily defeat Japan, however it would cause chaos within Japan.

Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill meet at Tehran to discuss between each other as allies, about what they would do about Germany. Roosevelt informing Churchill, and not telling Stalin about the atomic bomb project aka manhattan project, caused Stalin to lose trust within them. The lost in trust caused tension between the three strong countries, and was a large factor that led up to the cold war.

A toondoo i created that shows how Stalin lost trust with Churchill and Roosevent. In the toon, you see that Stalin has his mind on the Atomic bomb, and was waiting for his allies to tell him about it, however they never did.

**The roots of the Cold War**
1. The Bolsheviks
 * 1917 - 2 revolutions in Russia. 1. In march a coalition of antitsarists groups overthrew the repressive regime of Nicholas II and created the Provisional Government led by Prince Georgy Lvov. 2.Kerensky's Government was overthrown by Lenin's communist party
 * Lenin's communist party which took over was called the Bolsheviks - originally came from the word **bolshe** (more)
 * The Americans and Bolsheviks did not like each other very much, as in 1918 the Russians withdrew from the world war, and signed the Treaty of Brest-Livosk. The Americans believed in capitalism and the Bolsheviks leaned towards communism
 * Bolsheviks launched a plan to take out the capitalism inside Soviet, and started a civil war
 * Americans and many other western countries joined up to support the anti bolsheviks - Whites against the reds
 * Reds created the USSR in 1922, after their victory over the whites in 1921

2. The Nazi Soviet Nonaggresion pact
 * Soviet state controlled most of the resources in russia, only a few small business factory were allowed to operate privately
 * The Sovients launched a 5 year plan in 1929 which improved the country's economy a lot more
 * Stalin told his men that they are 50 to 100 years behind the other countries, and that they would be crushed if they did not do something over the next 10 years.
 * Roosevelt realized that the nonreconition was not stopping communism, but letting it grow without any restraints.
 * the US and Soviets established formal diplomatic relations, because america was unable to face the rising powers of German and Japan on bad relations with other powerful countries
 * Stalin was afraid of Britain and France to go on a defensive position in the upcoming WW2, and let the Germans attack the Soviets. so he started hinting the Germans that he would negotiate with them.
 * They created the Nazi - Soviet nonaggression pact
 * Germany, unable to take over the British country attacked and tried to take over Russia anyway hoping for a quick win in 1941

3. A Marriage of Conveinience
 * March 1941 - Military aids were released to countries fighting Germany and Japan.
 * When the Soviets joined in the war, the Americans also gave them Lend - Lease aid
 * After Pearl Harbor, America was in the war. US got even closer to russia, and propaganda was used to create hardworking peasants in the USSR, and portrayed that Uncle Joe (Stalin) was watching over them.
 * Even though they were working together, the US and Soviet still had the bad feeling about the Bolsheviks, and only had the alliance for the greater good.
 * Many plans came up, and in the end Churchill persuaded Roosevent to go forth with his plan to invade North Africa 1942
 * This upset Stalin, as his red army was taking heavy battle under German attack

4. The Big Three at Tehran
 * Again, Dissapointing Stalin. Roosevent and Churchill postpone their invasion of France, needing more time to finnish off Germans in Tunisia
 * Losing trust, Stalin again was dissapointed when the British looked towards taking over Sicily, while many Russian lives were getting taken by the German invasion
 * The Big 3 met up in Tehran 1943 - The main point of discussion was on Operation overlord also known as the battle of normandy on dday
 * The US planned to launch the attack on may 1st 1944, and Churchill had no choice but to agree.

5. V. Yalta
 * The big 3 met again in February 1945 at Yalta on the black sea.
 * Four big issues discussed - An organization that will work as the League of Nations did. The future of eastern Europe. The status of Germany and soviet entry in the pacific war.
 * Because Stalin was dyeing, it was difficult for Roosevelt to resist Stalin's demands
 * Stalin wanted veto power for permanent members of the security council
 * Stalin had many demands which included spreading his communism, and also to take back russia's land
 * Without creating a war against the Soviets, Roosevent and Churchill had to agree with his terms
 * With strong military position, Stalin used this to give him a higher advantage through the treaties, and made Roosevent and churchill sign it
 * Unable to help Poland, everything was signed forcing poland to look at communism

6. The Division of Germany
 * After the American and British forces crossed the Rhine in March 1945, Dwight D Eisenhower, the supreme allied commander had 3 goals
 * To capture the Ruhr valley, Germany's industrial heartland, and to prevent the Nazi withdrawl to the Bavarian alps avoiding the clash with Soviet troops heading west
 * Soviets began their main assault on Germany, and Hiter told his people they were going to completely destroy them
 * And the people, who were in panic many had been assassinated by the SS when not on their guarding post
 * Hitler committed suicide on April 30th, when he realized they had lost the war.
 * Karl Donitz - Hitlers successor offered a separate peace with the western allies so that the German army could continue fighting the Soviets
 * Now with Hitler dead, Karl Donitz offered an anticommunist alliance with the US, however was rejected
 * May 7th, Germany finnaly surrendered to the war.

7. The Manhattan Project
 * President Roosevent died in 1945 April 12th
 * Truman shocked to learn that PDR had been constructing the atomic bomb in new mexico
 * The new creation may destroy mankind
 * The creation of the deadly bomb was code named the Manhattan project, originated in 1939 when President Roosevent was informed about some new finds in nuclear research
 * Without a doubt the new weapon would put any country far ahead in power
 * The project's first major step was in 1942, when a controlled nuclear reaction was created, and uranium and plutonium were able to be created as the bombs fuel
 * The largest step forward was the testing of atomic bombs in new mexico 1920s

8. Knowledge of the bomb
 * The British knew about the atomic bomb research, however the Soviets did not. They chose not to inform Stalin, and left him in the dark
 * Informing the Soviets about the bomb research would greatly help them create the bomb, however it was a great debate weather to tell them or not. As they felt that the soviets, being communist should not be trusted
 * Wanting to scare the countries, and stop the war the demonstration of the dropping of the bomb may stop the japanese from fighting the war, and also scare other countries from picking fights with them
 * Hiroshima and Nagasaki were targeted for the dropping of the bomb because the Japanese did not surrender
 * The bomb dropped had stopped many wars and upcoming battles

9. Potsdam
 * Truman went to Potsdam Berlin to meet with Churchill and Stalin
 * Many of the discussion on Germany, however Truman talked much about the plan to invade japan, and useing the atomic bombs
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Stalin promised to enter the Pacific war, and also informed the Allies that the Japanese had been sending peace overtures to them. The Americans already knew this, having broken the japanese code.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Stalin changed his mind about joining the Pacific war, after anticipating that the atomic bomb would do the job
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Not surprised, the soviets agreed with the dropping of the bomb, Stalin had already known about the atomic bomb project from his spies
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Americans still question the mistrust of Soviets.

10. Containment
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">After bombing Japan in August 1945, the alliance between the soviets and americans broke completely
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">USSR annexed the Baltic states Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Belgium and Albania all became soviet satellites
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kennan's view - postwar USSR goals - create a good security around homeland, and spreading communism
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kennan predicts that if the US kept some counter pressure to the Soviet actions, a cold war would not be needed to end the Soviets.

11. The Truman Doctrine
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Truman realized that it was impossible to take back the land which the Soviets had already taken over
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Soviets, now having much of the power were looking to expand
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Many smaller countries around Russia were being pressured to giving them parts of their land for the country's benefits
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Now taking over Greece and Turkey, only the US are the ones able to stop Russia.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Realizing that the USSR taking over Greece and Turkey and causing them to fall would cause a domino effect, causing many other countries to fall with them
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Truman decides to present his speech on march 12, which also looked to aiding Greece and Turkey, causing a threat to the communist country. The speech is known as Truman's Doctrine

12. Disarray in postwar europe
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">January 1947, 2 months before the Doctrine speech US, British, French and the soviets gathered to discuss what they would do with Germany
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Agreed that Germans would be reunified under a freely elected government, however France and Soviets felt uneasy about this
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">In the end not much was decided on what to do with Germany
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Western europe was poor, due to all the bombing of wars destroying large important cities
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Many factories that lived lacked much of its supplies, and many people did not have jobs. Some who did were still lacking shortages of food etc

13. The Marshal Plan
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">June 5th 1947, a speech to the graduating class of Harvard
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">State Marshal talked about America's problems in Europe
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">He wanted America to fund the Europeans with their self-help
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">taken by British and French Ministers which issued a joint communiqué from 22 nations and representative from occupied German to help out
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">16countries, soviet and 5 other countries started helping them out
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Stalin oppose this plan - vision of integrated European market, but others see it as a anti postwar stabilization
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">European plan presented **ERP** for the recovery, 17 billon dollars
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Aome did not like it, some agreed
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">After Soviet agreed with the plan they started the plan of ERP

14. The Berlin Airlift
 * Since Soviet didn't really want to help Germany, America and British wanted to make it clear 1947 created a political unit called Bizonia in their occupied Germany French agreed and see reared **Trizonia**
 * US and Britain keep tries to create a independent state in western Germany, they create new currency; Deutsche mark, most important part of the economic recovery since the original currency was worthless
 * Before 1948 they used black market and traded good via black market
 * After the new currency the Soviet cut off the road rail, water and halting the food and fuel and other vital necessities which lead other country to protest for the enter of the region
 * American and British had to use a massive airlift to carry the supplies they need for West Berlin

15. NATO and the Warsaw pact
 * Truman and Marshall say militarization of Cold war is unnecessary
 * Soviet will not spread their region to Eastern Europe, with the Economical and political pressure - if us makes a military alliance Soviet will follow
 * They are still feared by this because US have demobilize the forces but Russia kept their extensive force
 * Treaty of Brussels-mutual defense but they need US's help to get Soviet
 * They US and Eastern European allies made a permanent military alliance which is **NATO** and the five Treaty of Brussels states forming member of Canada, Italy, Denmark ,Norway, Iceland and Portugal last three was suggested by US and additional member was Greece and Turkey - The additional country was difficult to be added
 * while Nato couldn't possibly fill enough force to resist Soviet
 * The alliance are distasteful for some countries and knew that Soviet will react negatively when Germany enter Nato USSR formed Warsaw Treaty Organization

16. The Hiss Case
 * The times magazine editor was called to testify before **House of Un-American Activities Committee**
 * He told he use to be a Communist Committee in Washington he reported former state department official who Alge Hiss was a member who have accompanied FDR to Yelta
 * He denied everything but it seemed been Chamber is lying so Hiss got back off
 * Nixon asked Chamber again privately and decided that he was telling the truth
 * They were put back and they were Televisioned it ended with Hiss as a communist espionage and was served in Jail for 2 yrs
 * Whether Hiss was guilty or not this topic is still debatable which gab a big psychological impact, that shows the Communist is not trusted and no nation's public people can be trusted

17. McCarthyism
 * Nixon became famous during Hiss case and he could be nominated to Senator, he focused on the point that he can face Communism and using pink sheet people who is communism
 * After being a senator he join McCarthy of Wisconsin who was trying to make anticommunist
 * The night 1950 McCarthy delivered a Lincoln's day speech calling he have the red-list with 205 people in the State Department
 * This driven US into Communist hysteria for next decade, known as McCarthy
 * The mater of fact that the real list exist or not the successive launch of the Soviet Atomic bomb and Chinese Victory made people more fear

18. NSC-68
 * US congress passed the National Security Act of 1947, which reorganized the government military and foreign policy establishment
 * The New law streamlined the new armed force by Navy into single Department of defense or created **CIA and lso NSC**
 * In 1950 Truman wants NSC to conduct a review of US national security strategy in light of such recent development as the Soviet bomb and communism in China.
 * Resulted NSC-68 delivered to Truman, which summarize US will react when other country take any action
 * Start with two premise of the major power and USSR was "animated by a new fanatic faith antithetical to our own" and end with massive military buildup but Keenan disagreed it
 * Kennan was winning however when North Korea attacked Korea they buildup it's army

Question 1. what is one event that caused Stalin to lose all trust against Truman? 2. What was the Manhattan Project creating? 3. Communism were present in which countries? 4. How were americans able to to find out the relationship between Japan and Russia? 5. What was NATO and the Warsaw pact?

Summary The USSR is run by the Bolsheviks, who believed in communism. Truman gets info on the atomic bomb from the Manhattan project after he was elected president, and did not tell Stalin even though they had an alliance, causing the two sides to trust each other less. After the war ended, the USSR stopped all his alliances with other countries, and was trying to expand their country causing a lot of countries to dislike them. The conflict with the USSR it clear that a war was going to break out with the Soviets, because now the NATO faction and the Soviet's own the Warsaw Pact. With the rise of Communism and taking over China, The U.S felt threatened by the spread of communism from the USSR. McCarthy tried to show his anti-communist reasons, and declared that he knows who was on the communist side in the state department.

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; display: block; font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-size: 13px; height: 100%; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; width: 100%;"><span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center;">Works Cited <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">// The Compulsive Writer //. Web. 18 Apr. 2011. <http://andienewton.wordpress.com/>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">// ToonDoo - World's Fastest Way to Create Cartoons! // Web. 18 Apr. 2011. <http://www.toondoo.com/>. <span style="display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -3em;">"YouTube - Trinity Atomic Bomb Test." // YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. // Web. 18 Apr. 2011. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FFZvCJYDme0>.