InNo+andylin1212+9.6.10

This is a picture that shows the cruel side of the storming of Tuileries. In this picture, we see that armed men and women stormed into Tuileries and attacked the Swiss guard which supports Louis. Bone chart i made about the coup of thermidor. This describes the Committee of Public Safety before and after the Convention took action. It also shows the driving forces and the restraining forces of the change of power of the Committee.


 * War **

people believe they lost because of traitors someone was telling Austrians their military secrets people feared even more when Prussia joined Austria **Assembly took emergency measures** Louis disagreed with measure of priests 20,000 opponents break into Tuileries on 20 June and shouting abuse at him **Louis position became more difficult in July** Assembly gave everyone weapons so they could defend themselves **people have weapons do what ever they want** **10 August 1792** attack of Tuileries led to end of Monarchy Louis suspended from office and imprisoned with his family **Convention was set up** people who overthrew king called themselves Sans Culottes **they had many ideas in common and behaved in similar ways** their use of violence horrified foreigners Execution of Louis shocked everyone **fellow monarchs were outraged** France were not scared they wanted war declared war on three latest members, Britain Holland and Spain Austrian forces beat them in series of battles in the Netherlands French commander General Dumouries abandoned his men and joined the Austrian high price of food was a problem because of war, government printing paper money called assignats more they print, less it worths- inflation 1793, a bank note only worths half the amount bread was scarce because farmers doesn't want to sell them for bank notes that are losing value hungry san culottes raid shops and food stores for food **to defend country, govt. ordered 30,000 people to join army** **war led to conflict btw 2 groups of politician in Convention** Jacobins blamed Girondins for France's defeat on battlefield and inflation June 2, angry crowd on sans culottes storming in Convention and expelled the leading Girondins angered provinces that supported Girondins by summer 1793, sixty out of eight-three departments had joined the rebellion against govt.
 * 20 April 1792, France declared war on Austria **
 * hope for quick win
 * French attack Austrian base across frontier in Belgium
 * Austrians were better organized, equipped and better led
 * easily beat France
 * ordered every soldier to frontier
 * put on watch of all foreigners
 * priest who didn't take oath expelled
 * 11 July, declared "Fatherland in Danger"
 * appealed all citizens to join army
 * enemy commander, the Duke of Brunswick, issued statement known as Brunswick Manifesto
 * threatened parisians that they would be punished if they harm Louis
 * they want to get rid of monarchy, new kind of assembly in which they had power
 * The storming of the Tuileries **
 * 20,000 armed men and women demanded to de-throne Louis
 * supported by National Guard, they broke into palace ground
 * swiss guard defend king and got outnumbered
 * 600 swiss guard slaughtered
 * The overthrow of monarchy **
 * the country's new law-making body
 * 21 September 1792, de-throned Louis and made France a republic
 * two months later put him of trial and beheaded in public on 21 January 1793
 * The Sans Culottes **
 * Sans Culottes hated nobles, wont use words that has anything to do with nobility
 * they were Republican, hated monarchy
 * thought power should belong to ordinary people like themselves
 * believe that everyone has equal rights
 * claim the right to hold weapons and use them against opponents
 * September 1792, they stormed into prison and killed 1400 people that they thought of supporting Austrians
 * The War Spreads **
 * join Prussia and Austria, wanted to destroy French Republic
 * Inflation and Shortages **
 * Rebellion **
 * move was unpopular
 * thousands royalists/peasants in Vendee(western France) joined in armed rebellion against govt.
 * Girondins, important posts in govt.
 * Jacobins, supported by sans culottes

The Reign of Terror
**Convention put 12 men together, set up Committee of Public Safety** **law of suspects** death sentence were beheading a person **guillotine** Around 17000 suspects were executed one of the first was Marie Antoinette, charged for treason **Committee of Public Safety took really strong measures to stop the revolt** **aug. 1793, Convention ordered a "Mass Levy" of all citizens** Representatives of Convention kept strict discipline Generals who lost wars are replaced by young officers who have proved their ability in action **Committee tried to halt the rise of food prices with the Law of Maximum** **the Terror led to disappearance of Christianity in many parts of country** **Convention introduced new calendar to keep up the abolish of christianity** **Committee achieved what it was set out to do** **Con** - **summer of 1794 Committee was very unpopular** **27 July 1749- 9 Thermidor, year 2 on in new calender** **Convention reduced power of Committee** 1. France declared war on Austria. Austria beat France, and the assembly took emergency measures. Louis opposed these measures. Duke of Brunswick, an enemy commander, threatened the Parisians that they would be punished if they harm Louis. Assembly gave everyone weapons, so they can defend themselves. With weapons, Parisians can do whatever they want, which is to overthrow monarchy. 200,000 armed men stormed in Tuileries and demanded to de-throne Louis. This led to downfall of monarchy, Louis imprisoned with family and later beheaded. Convention was set up to rule the government. 2. People who overthrew the King called themselves Sans Culottes, all of them share a lot of similarities. Fellow monarchs outraged that Louis is killed. They join Prussia and Austria to fight against France. France is the underdog in the battle. Price of food rose and inflation are also problems in France. War led conflict between two groups of politician. By summer 1793, 60/83 provinces joined the rebellion against France. 3. Convention put 12 men together and formed of Committee of Public Safety, they can do whatever they want to save France. They wanted citizens to draw out a graph of people who they think are against the government. Over 1/4 million people were on that list, half were beheaded. Convention sent representatives to provinces to do anything to stop revolt, many many were killed. Convention ordered Mass Levy, everyone has to take active part of war. France army grew to 80,000 men, 3 times the Coalition army. Committee ordered 40 goods to stay at same prize to halt rise of prices. The terror led to disappearance of christian in many parts of the country. Committee published new calender that does not follow christian calendar. First year isn't the year of the birth of Christ, but 1792. 4. Committee did what they set out to do, stopped revolt and famine. But, many people died in prison, prices still rising and the committee is sort of like a 12 men dictatorship. 1794, Committee became very unpopular. Convention got rid of the Committee's leader and everyone who supported him. It reduced the committee's power and the terror came to an end. **Questions** What was the way to execute people before the invention of guillotine? How come the Coalitions did not take control of France before the Convention ordered the Mass Levy?
 * they can do whatever they feel necessary to "save" France
 * they ran France strictly
 * known as Reign of Terror
 * The Law of Suspects **
 * started in sept. 1793
 * citizens in town had to draw up lists of people that they suspect to be opposing the govt.
 * over 1/4 million people were on that list
 * suspects were sent for trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal (special court to deal with political offenses)
 * 1/2 the sentences were death sentences
 * The guillotine **
 * new designed machine
 * called guillotine becuz Doctor Guillotine was the first one to suggest using it
 * meant to be quicker and less painful way of execution
 * Terror in the Provinces **
 * more than 100 representatives of Convention were sent to provinces and do wtv they want to stop the revolt
 * In Vendee, it was Jean-Baptiste Carrier
 * executed people by drowning them in boat-loads in the River Loire
 * At least 2,000 drowned
 * In lyon, 2000 people were lined up in front of open graves, and cannons fired at them
 * Terror in the Armies **
 * everyone has to actively take part of the war effort
 * unmarried men had to go to war, married men - make weapons for them
 * women - make tents and serve in hospitals, children - make bandages and gunpowder
 * made the French Army grew to 800,000/ 3x of Coalition army
 * Economic Terror **
 * 40 goods stay at the same price until further notice
 * breaking the law- ur dead
 * Terror and the Church **
 * christianity now is more like superstition
 * sans culottes closed down churches, robbed them
 * Cult of Reasons, such as Liberty took place of Christianity
 * years- no longer from birth of Christ, but from 1792
 * 1792-3 is renamed year one
 * year- divided into twelve 30 day months, names describing their weather or growing seasons
 * months divided into 3 ten-day weeks
 * sunday abolished
 * Results of the Terror **
 * mid 1794, French driven out enemies, occupied Austrian Netherlands
 * Representative on mission crushed all revolts
 * although price rising, France avoided famine
 * 35,000 to 40,000 died in filthy prison
 * people's rights and freedom is limited
 * prices still rising
 * Committee is sort of like 12 men dictatorship
 * The Coup of Thermidor **
 * deputies disliked it because it is too popular
 * some disliked it because fear to end up under guillotine
 * some disliked because they think France doesn't need the terror anymore
 * even san culottes were unhappy, because their wages are going down since price of stuff is rising
 * convention decided to get rid of Committee's leading member, Robespierre, allow with his supporters
 * 21 arrested and guillotined the following day
 * 96 were executed the day after
 * free hundreds of suspects
 * abolished the Maximum
 * got rid of the Revolutionary Tribunal
 * terror came to end
 * Summary **