InNo+shynricpx2013+11.29.10

=__ Awesome Stuff: __=
 * This diagram shows how the League of Nations were organized. The Assembly, members of all countries, are the head of all other councils and committee. Today's United Nations is organized similarly, however, there are a lot more committees.**




 * This bar graph compares the heavy casualties of the Allies and the Central Powers (wounded not included).**
 * The Allies had suffered a lot in this war compared to the Central Powers. This maybe because of poor-equipment and poor-judgement compared to the Generals in Germany, however, the Allies had still managed to win despite their heavy casualties.**




 * The picture on the left shows the flag for the League of Nations...**
 * The picture on the right shows the flag for today's United Nations.**
 * Blue has always been the color for strength, unity, and freedom and is use throughout the history of the League/United Nations**

=__ Notes: __=

__** Chapter 1: Great Suffering **__

** Belgium ** ** Britain ** ** Italy ** ** Russia ** ** United States ** ** Germany ** ** Suffering of War **
 * France **
 * Good farm land destroyed
 * Farm animals slaughtered to feed army
 * Two million people flee from homes
 * 1,400,000 French casualties
 * 2,500,000 were wounded in the fighting
 * Occupied by Germany for four years
 * Old city of Ypres lay in rubble
 * 50,000 Belgium soldiers dead
 * 750,000 British casualties
 * 1,500,000 soldiers wounded
 * Deeply in debt
 * Spent nine billion pounds
 * Three years of fighting in own soil
 * 600,000 soldiers dead
 * North-east Italy devastated (Alps)
 * Only allied country to surrender
 * 1,700,000 casualties
 * Paid a heavy price for peace with Germany
 * Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
 * One-third of Russians under German rules (Western Provinces)
 * Suffered the least compared to the Allies
 * 116,000 casualties
 * Different kind of suffering
 * Little fighting took place on her soil
 * Two million soldiers were killed in the war
 * 1918, the country was exhausted
 * Revolution swept through Germany
 * In mid-1918, tired and hungry people of Europe were hit by an epidemic of Spanish influenza. Greatest killer of war
 * End of 1918, many treaties were made to ensure a lasting peace

__** Chapter 2: Great Expectations **__

** Making the Peace **
 * The Paris Peace Conference **
 * ** Big Three **
 * Prime Minister of Britain: David Lloyd George
 * Prime Minister of France: Georges Clemenceau
 * Prime Minister of the United States of America: Woodrow Wilson
 * ** Clemenceau ( ** France)
 * Germany must pay for damage done to France in war.
 * Pay 200,000,000,000 gold francs
 * Germany must be made so weak that she could never attack France again
 * ** Woodrow Wilson ** (USA)
 * Aim to make future wars impossible by creating a fair peace
 * Fourteen Points
 * No secret agreements between countries, if countries dealt openly with each other, there would be less suspicion and misunderstanding in the world
 * Countries must reduce their armed forces and weapons
 * National Self-Determination
 * League of Nations
 * ** David Lloyd George ** (Britain)
 * Agreed with many of the fourteen points
 * If defeated nations treated too harshly they would become angry and resentful, could **cause trouble in the future (WW II)**
 * British public wanted Lloyd George to be tough with Germany
 * Woodrow Wilson only one of the Big Three who had detailed ideas of making peace, quickly got his own way
 * Italy demanded that Italians living under Austrian rule must be re-united with Italy
 * **Paris Peace Conference** became free-for-all in which victors competed with each other to carve up land of defeated power

__** Chapter 3: Germany Re-made The Treaty of Versailles **__

** Treaty of Versailles **
 * Between France and Germany
 * Very long document, over 200 pages long, more than 400 separate sections, or clauses
 * Summary
 * League of Nations set up
 * **Covenant of the League of Nations**
 * First twenty-six clauses describe how league of nations work
 * All Germany’s overseas colonies taken away and put under rule of League of Nations
 * Land Germany taken from Russia is given back, others made new nations
 * Germany’s armed forces to minimum
 * 100,000 men and a navy with no more than six battleships
 * No submarines and air force
 * **DMZ (Demilitarized Zone)**
 * Western part of Germany made into DMZ
 * **War Guilt Clause**
 * Germany **must** accept blame for starting Great War
 * **Reparations**
 * Germany had to pay the cost of repairing war damage to allies, mainly France
 * Germans call this a **Diktat**
 * Dictated Peace

__** Chapter 4: Europe Re-shaped: The other Paris Peace Treaties **__

** Turkish Empire **
 * Austria-Hungary **
 * ** Saint Germain and Trianon ** treaty...
 * Pay reparations
 * Reduce armaments
 * Give land
 * Bulgaria **
 * ** Treaty of Neuilly **
 * Pay reparations
 * Reduce armaments
 * Give land
 * Russia **
 * ** Treaty of Versailles **
 * Russia loses valuable western lands
 * Poland **
 * Gains independence-> took lands from Russia, Germany, etc.
 * ** Treaty of Sevres **
 * Took away nearly all Turkey’s land in Europe
 * Put Turkish Straits under League of Nations
 * Arab lands in middle east made into mandates
 * Armies from Britain, France, Italy and Greece were to occupy what remained of Turkey

__** Chapter 5: The League of Nations **__

** Problems for the League of Nations **
 * Organization of the League of Nations **
 * ** Covenant of the League of Nations **
 * Any member were to argue with another, they would talk about differences instead of war
 * **Collective Security**
 * Help victim by cutting of all links with attacker, trade, financial links etc
 * If member was attacked, other members would help
 * ** Commissions **
 * **Disarmament Commission**
 * Persuade member countries to reduce size of armed forces and cut down stocks of weapons
 * **Mandates Commission**
 * Kept an eye on Germany and Turkish colonies that were put under the temporary rule of Britain and France
 * ** Health Organization **
 * Improving global health
 * ** International Labor Organization **
 * Aimed to improve conditions in which people worked
 * Improving women’s right
 * Eradicate drug trafficking
 * Helping refugees
 * ** Permanent Court of Justice **
 * World law court
 * Based in Holland
 * ** Secretariat **
 * Handle paperwork
 * Based in Geneva
 * Chairman **Sir Eric Drummond** (English)
 * Looked impressive on paper, but no army to back them up
 * Three great countries absent from League of Nations
 * USA
 * Russia
 * Germany

=__ Summary: __= The End of World War I was made official in the Paris Peace Conference. This included many other treaties such as Versailles, Saint-Germain, Trianon, Neuilly, and Sevres, each with similar terms. The defeated countries were treated harshly while the victors were vicious in their terms; this creates a far greater grudge that then in turn lead to WW II.

=__ Questions: __=
 * 1) List the committees and councils of the League of Nations; who/what was in charge?
 * 2) Who were the "Big Three" and what were their ambitions?
 * 3) Why was the League of Nations created?
 * 4) Are they considered powerful or not. Explain.
 * 5) What were some similar aspects of the treaties given in the Paris Peace Conference?
 * 6) Explain how the conference was the building up for WW II.

=__** Citation: **__= Brooman, Josh. The World Re-Made. New York: Longman Inc, 2002. Print

"Strategic Studies." World Magnified. Tuesday. 30 Nov. 2010