InNo+mengxinw2013+09.06.10

Awesome Part Question 3
 * - The government spent more each year than it received in taxes, so…
 * - The government was deeply in debt, so…
 * - The Finance Minister planned to raise money with a new tax on land. But…
 * - The government went bankrupt, so…
 * - Louis XVI ordered a meeting of the Estates General, hoping it would agree to the new tax. But…
 * - An assembly of nobles and clergy refused to agree to the new tax, so…
 * - The Third Estate deputies took over the Estates General and turned it into a National Assembly, so…
 * - Louis XVI decided to hold a royal session of the Estates General, and warn the third estate not to defy him, but…
 * - The deputies gathered in a tennis court and swore an oath that they would continue to meet.
 * The first four were causes, and the rest were consequences.

Question 4 Political: Social: Economic:
 * - people thought the king had too much power
 * - nobles disliked the government’s plans for a new land tax because they would lose their privilege of tax exemption
 * - many poor people blamed the government for high prices and unemployment
 * - People disliked the fact that Marie Antoinette was Austrian
 * - Nobles disliked the government’s plants for a new land tax because they would lose their privilege of tax exemption
 * - People disliked Marie Antoinette’s extravagant spending

Question 5 The most important reason for the government’s unpopularity would be the fact that Marie Antoinette’s extravagant spending, because people were unemployed and starving, while Marie Antoinette spends way too much money on gambling and buying clothes.

Question 6 If Louis XVI had not married Marie Antoinette, I think the government would still have been unpopular, but maybe not as unpopular as they were in 1789, because people didn’t like the fact that the king had too much power.

NOTES of Pg.28-38

Revolution, 1789
 * - revolution began at Versailles in 1789, spread to other parts of France
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- brought great changes in the country’s society, government and religion
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- National Assembly = great victory for third estate; defeat for king – Louis lost control of Estates General
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- riot showed that Louis risked losing control of capital, ordered 20,000 royal troops move into area around Paris
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- said to keep order, but people suspected troops going to break up National Assembly
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Louis replaced popular finance minister, Necker, with hard-liner who opposed third estate
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- People assumed Louis about to crack down on National Assembly, angry crowds looked for weapons to defend themselves against king’s troops

Bastille
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- July 14th, rumors that there were tons of gunpowder in Bastille, old fortress in the east end of Paris
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- People hated Bastille, prison where prisoners of the crown were sent by sealed letters
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Heard stories about dark, stinking dungeons, torture chambers, masked prisoners chained to walls for life
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- To the crowds, fortress = symbol of all they hated about the king’s power
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Governors gave in to opening the gates, but crowd wanted to destroy this symbol of royal power
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Had control of Bastille by evening
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Fall of Bastille = one of the most famous events of FR
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Symbol of victory of ordinary people over power of their rulers
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Paintings show lots of people tortured in Bastille, however according to leading French historian, there were only 7 prisoners

King Loses Control
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Louis considered sending army into Paris to recapture Bastille; however, war minister warned him soldiers would refuse orders
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Gave up control of Paris
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- To keep order in Paris, allowed people to set up their own military force, National Guard
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- To run city, leading officials of third estate formed new local government, Paris Commune
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Towns and cities all over France followed example of Paris

Great Fear
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- violence spread into countryside; unemployment high; millions hungry
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- thousands of people left home to seek work or beg, now wandering around countryside looking for food
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- farmers lived in fear of gangs of wanderers who stole food from fields, and damage farms
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- when harvest time, rumors swept countryside that nobles trying to starve people by hoarding grain, and paying gangs of wanderers to attack farms and terrorize peasants
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- peasants responded by refusing to pay their feudal dues, and many places, broke into lord’s home and burned their dues
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- as violence spread, fear of gangs increased
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- villagers who thought saw gangs rang church bells to warn neighboring villages
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- spread panic to many parts of France
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- by late July, whole country gripped by a “Great Fear”

Assmbly’s Work
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- deputies of National Assembly scared by violence of peasants, took drastic measures to end it
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- noble deputies, announced they would give up their feudal rights and dues
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- next morning, hunting rights, tithes, corvee and rights of the mill and oven all abolished
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- feudalism = dead
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- issued Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, stating all men were free and equal in rights, people should have the right to speak and write freely; changed laws of arrest and imprisonment, banned torture; most of all, power of France belonged to entire people, not just the king

Women March on Versailles
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Louis disliked decisions of Assembly; refused to sign them, meant they could not become law
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Brought more soldiers to Versailles to add to his bodyguard, looked as if he was going to break up Assembly by armed force
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- When news reached Paris, crowds of market women gathered in streets, marched through the city, collecting weapons
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- On oct.5, armed with knives, sticks, rifles, two cannons, marched to Versailles to protest, supported by National Guardsmen
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Complained to king about high price of bread and extra soldiers in Versailles
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Asked king to leave Versailles and live with them in Paris, allowing them to keep an eye on his activities
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- King didn’t want to go, changed his mind when group of women smashed into palace, killed two bodyguards, threatened to kill the queen
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- October 6, Louis, Marie Antoinette, oldest son travelled to Paris, lived in Tuileries Palace; Versailles locked and boarded up

Reforms of National Assembly
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- deputies of National Assembly followed royal family to Paris, where they took over old riding school as meeting place
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- over next two years, Assembly made new laws, changing the way France was organized and run
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- male tax-payers over 25 years old given the right to vote
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- all church land confiscated, so it could be sold to pay France’s debts
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- assembly paid off France’s debt with bank notes called assignats, people who were owed money were given assignats, which they could buy confiscated church land
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- protestants given same voting rights as Catholics
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Jews given same voting rights as everyone else
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Noble titles abolished
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Salt tax abolished
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Slavery abolished

Reform of Church
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- one side of argument were growing numbers of people who thought Church had too much power, too much land, and too much money
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- also thought many clergy lived unholy lives
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- on other side were millions of God-fearing Catholics who never questioned the way Church was run, could see no reason to change it
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- when NA began to take land and money from Church, many Catholics protested
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- in July 1790, NA drew up law reducing power of Church, Civil Constitution of the Clergy; said priests and bishops must be elected like other public officials, and ordered all clergy to take oath of loyalty to French nation and the law
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- over half of clergy refused to take oath, said NA had no right to interfere in Church affairs
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Pope condemned new law
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Clergy divided between those who took oath and those who refused
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Millions of people followed, therefore, entire nation was divided by question of Church and its power

Flight to Varennes
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Louis deeply unhappy with Civil Constitution, sided with priests who refused to take oath
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Made it look as if he opposed revolution
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Angry crowds protested at gates of Tuileries Palace
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Louis decided to leave France, and get help from French princes who left France and built up armies just across the frontier, also hoped for assistance from Antoinette’s brother Leopold, Emperor of Austria
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- They would be able to invade France, get rid of NA and take back power they lost
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- NA suspected that Louis might try to escape, guards at every door in the Palace; therefore, Louis and family had to make secret escape
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- On June 21, 1791, Louis, Antoinette, and children in disguise, crept out of palace through temp. unguarded door
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Recognized 50km from frontier, arrested and sent back to Paris next day; crowds shouted insults and spat at the windows

Road to War
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Emperor Leopold issued a statement promising to help them regain their liberty and power, with King of Prussia, called on all European kings to take action to help Louis
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Leopold had no intention of attacking France; statement just a show of support for a fellow monarch and his sister
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- No one in France knew that, rumors flew about foreign armies, along with armies of French princes, would soon invade
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Most people convinced that war was inevitable
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- French people wanted war and Louis wanted war
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Louis expected to be restored to power; people opposed to Louis thought it could force him to show exactly whose side he was on
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- If he took side of the invaders, they would be able to de-throne him, and make France a Republic, where people hold power through an assembly and a president who they elect

Questions 1. Why were there so many rumors about the Bastile, when in reality, it wasn't half as bad as the rumors had said about it.

Summary The creation of the National Assembly was a great victory for the third estate, however a defeat for the king. This mean Louis lost control of the Estates General. Louis risked losing control of the capital, so he sent around 20,000 troops into area around Paris. People feared this, they suspected the troops are going to break up the National Assembly. Scared as the people were, they looked for weapons to defend themselves against the king’s troops. Rumors spread that there were tons of gunpowder in Bastille, a symbol of what the people hated about the king’s power. Only July 14th, the people had control of Bastille. Louis gave up control of Paris, and to keep order in Paris, he allowed people to set up their own military force, the National Guard. To run the city, leading officials of the third estate formed new local government, Paris Commune. Many towns and cities all over France followed the example of Paris after that. Violence and gangs spread on the countryside, causing the “Great Fear.” The National Assembly were scared by the violence of peasants, therefore, took drastic measures to end it. They announced the abolishing of the feudal rights and dues, tithes, and corvee. This put an end to feudalism. Later, they issued Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, stating all men were equal in rights, and that France belonged to the entire people, not just the king. When Louis refused to sign the decisions of the National Assembly and brought in more soldiers, crowds of women gathered in streets, and marched through the street. They forced the king to move to Paris, where they could keep and eye on him. Over the next two years, the Assembly made new laws, changing the way France was organized and ran. This included the right for men to vote, and titles, taxes, and slavery was abolished. When it came to the reform of Church, people were divided. One said thought that the Church had too much power, and clergy lived unholy lives, while the other side were God-fearing Catholics, who never questioned the way church was run. In 1790, the Assembly drew up a law reducing the power of Church, the Civil Constitution of the clergy. This law stated that all clergy had to take oath of loyalty to French nation and the law. Over half of the clergy refused to take oath, therefore, the clergy were divided between those who took oath and those who refused. Millions of people followed the example of the church, and the nation was divided by questions of the Church and its power. Louis decided to leave France, and get help from the French princes who left France and built up armies just across the frontier. They were not successful, however, they were arrested and sent back to Paris. Emperor Leopold, brother of Antoinette, issued a statement to help them regain their liberty and power. Along with King of Prussia, they called on all European kings to take action to help Louis. People of France were convinced that there was going to be a war with foreign armies along with French princes.