InNo+JerryL+09.8.2010

· 20 April 1792: France declare war on Austria o Hoped for quick win: attack Austrian bases at the frontier (Belgium) § Austrian troops more organized, better equipped, and better led. § Easy victory for Austria o French blamed loss on traitors: § Telling Austrians military secrets: // created fear // o More fear in May after Prussia joined Austria in war · Assembly took emergency o Ordered every soldier to frontier o Watch on all foreigners o Expelled priest who didn’t take oath o July 11th: “Fatherland in Danger” o Appealed to all citizens to volunteer for army · Louis in difficult position: o Disagree with measure on priests § June 20th, 20,000 opposed him by breaking into Tuileries o Louis position ** // more difficult // ** by July: § Brunswick Manifesto: tried to protect Louis by threatening citizens o Assembly gave people weapons for self-denfence § People do what every they want § Want to make new Assembly so they get power · 20,000 armed people determined to de-throne Louis o Supported by National Guard o Defending Swiss guards outnumbered § ** 600 slaughtered  ** o Ransack palace · Storming of Tuileries led quickly to end of monarchy: o Louis suspended from office, whole family imprisoned · New Assembly: ** // __ Convention: __ // ** o ** New law-making body  ** o September 21st 1792: § First act: De-throne Louis, France becomes republic o Two months later Louis on trail § ** // __ Beheaded in public on January 21st 1793 __ // ** · People who overthrew the king o Working people of Paris, wide range o Had ideas in common and behaved in similar ways: § ** HATED NOBLES:  ** refused to use or say anything related to nobles § ** Republicans  **, hated monarchy: power should belong to ordinary people § // Everyone  // has equal rights § Claimed the right to carry weapons for “self-defense” · September 1792, stormed into prison and killed 1400 people suspected for supporting Austrians · Horrified foreigners, create bad image · Execution of Louis shocked millions in Europe: o Fellow monarchs ** outraged **: § Join Prussia and Austria, aim to destroy new Republic · French more warlike than before o Wanted to fight ‘tyrants’: § Declare war on Britain, Holland, and Spain o Austrian forces beat them in series of battles in Netherlands § Dumouries (Commander for French) joined Austrians § ** Verge of defeat  ** · ** High price of food  ** o Due to war, print to much assignats § More printed worth less. ** 100% inflation by 1793 ** o Bread scarce § Farmers didn’t want to sell bread for inflated money o Hungry Sans Culottes raid shops for food · Government ordered 30,000 people to join army o Move unpopular o Caused ** // armed rebellion  // ** § Thousands of royalists/peasants in Vendee (western France) o Conflict between Girondins and Jacobins § Girondins have important posts in government § Jacobins supported by Sans Culottes § Jacobins blamed Girondins for loss and inflation § June 2nd Sans Culottes broke into Convention, expelled leading Girondins § Triggered revolting. 60/80 departments joined rebellion by summer 1793 · Emergency group: Set up ** // __ Committee of Public Safety __ // ** o Twelve people o Power to do anything to save France o Ran France strictly o Harsh punishments on opponents: § Reign of Terror · September 1793: Draw up lists of people suspected to oppose the government o Anyone could fall in suspicion o Quarter of a million arrested and put in prison § Some sent to trial by ** Revolutionary Tribunal **. · Deal with political offenses § Half sentenced to death · Death sentences carried out by ** guillotine ** o Named after person o Quicker and less painful · 17,000 executed by guillotine during Terror. o Marie Antoinette executed in October 1793 for treason · Committee took strong measures to crush revolts in countryside o Over a hundred sent to do anything to restore order o Vendee: drowned in boatloads. 2000 people o Lyons: blasted into open graves. 2000 people · August 1793: ** // Mass Levy // **: everyone active in war o Unmarried men: fight o Married men: make weapons o Women: build tents, nurse o Children: make bandages and gunpowder o Increased French armies to 80,000 men. § Sharp discipline · September 1793: ** Law of Maximum ** o Attempt to stop food price o Prices of forty goods and wages stay fixed. o Reach maximum results in death · Disappearance of Christianity: o No more than superstition o San Culottes closed down/robber churches, sacked priests o Cult of Reason (revolutionary ideas) took place of religion · New calendar o Years counted from September 1792: founding of republic o Divided into 12 thirty-day months § Each month three 10-day weeks § Abolish Sunday · Committee ** achieved ** objective o Drove enemies out of French by mid 1794 o Occupied Austrian Netherlands o Avoided famine despite of rising prices · ** However:  ** o 35,000-40,000 people executed/died in prison o Limited rights and freedoms o Prices go up   o 12 man dictatorship · Committee unpopular by Summer 1794: o Too powerful o Fear for guillotine o No need for Terror o Sans Culottes unhappy due to held low wages · Get rid of Committee on July 27th 1794-9 Thermidor o 21 arrested and executed, 96 executed next day · Reduce power of Committee · Hundreds of suspects freed · Maximum abolished · Revolutionary Tribunal ridded
 * War **
 * The storming of Tuileries (August 10th 1792) **
 * The overthrow of monarchy  **
 * The Sans Culottes  **
 * The War Spreads **
 * Inflation and Shortages  **
 * Rebellion **
 * Reign of Terror **
 * Law of Suspects **
 * The guillotine **
 * Terror in provinces **
 * Terror in armies **
 * Economic Terror **
 * Terror and the Church **
 * Results of the Terror **
 * The coup of Thermidor **