InNo+christopherc2012+10.21.10

A picture of Lenin's tomb in Moscow. Shows his dead body that is being displayed in Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow

insurance || Gave all insurance to workers against injury illness and unemployment ||
 * Peace At Any Price **
 * The first decrees of Sovnarkom **
 * Sovnarkom and Lenin, Chairman began issuing decrees on the day it was created in 1917
 * **Month** || **Day** || **Decree** || **Explanation** ||
 * November || 8 || Land || Took 540 million acres of land from the Tsar, nobles, church, and landlords and given to the peasants ||
 * || 8 || Peace || Sovnarkom intended to make peace with Russia's enemies at once ||
 * || 12 || Work || 8-hour day and 48-hour week for all industrial workers. New rules about over-time and holidays ||
 * || 14 || Unemployment
 * December || 1 || Press || Banned all non-Bolshevik newspapers ||
 * || 11 || Competition || Constitutional Democratic Party, Russia's main liberal party banned ||
 * || 20 || Anti-Revolution || Lenin set up a Counter-Revolution political police called **Cheka** ||
 * || 27 || Worker's control || All factories under control of elected committees of workers ||
 * || 27 || Banking || all banks in Russia under Sovnarkom's control ||
 * || 31 || Marriage || allowed non religous weddings and easier divorces ||


 * Constituent Assembly **
 * elections held for Russia's new parliament, the Constituent Assembly in Nov, 1917
 * Bolsheviks badly beaten in election, and majority went to Socialist Revolutionaries
 * met for first time in Jan 18, 1918
 * Sovnarkom ordered it to stop meeting
 * Red Guards killed and wounded hundreds who demonstrated in support of Assembly ouside meeint place
 * Prevented elected Deputies from entering the Assembly and closed it permanently


 * Treaty of Brest-Litovsk **
 * Lenin believed that a quick end to war needed Bolsheviks to stay in power
 * Dec 3, 1917, peace conference between Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary began at Brest-Litovsk, a town on border of Germany
 * **Leon Trotsky**, Russia's Commissar or minister for Foreign Affairs dragged out talks for as long as he could, hoping a socialist revolution would begin in Germany
 * believed two countries could make fair and democratic peace with each other
 * In Feb, 1918, German army advanced into Russia so close that Lenin made peace at any price
 * Treaty of Brest-Litovsk between Russia and Germany was one of the harshest
 * Russia gave up all western lands, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Georgia
 * 62 million people, 26% of population
 * 27% of farm land
 * 26% of railways
 * 74% of iron and coal
 * 300 million gold roubles
 * would give Bolsheviks a 'breathing space' that would help them get a grip on the country, but was faced with civil war


 * Civil War and Foreign Intervention **
 * Czech Legion **
 * enemies of Bolsheviks got ready to fight
 * In May 1918, 45,000 Czech prisoners of war were taken to Russia on trains to Vladivostok
 * Czech got into a quarrel with the Soviet of a town and Czechs took control of the town
 * By end of 1918, they had nearly all the Trans-Siberian Railway
 * enemies of Bolsheviks rushed to joined the Czech Legion
 * set up new goverment
 * most important was **Komuch**, Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly
 * organised the enemies of Bolsheviks into a People's Army which advanced on Moscow
 * captured 650 million gold roubles
 * Bolshevik goverment moved to Moscow
 * introduced conscription, men aged 18 to 40 had to serve in **Red Army**, the Bolshevik Army
 * Leon Trotsky organised it
 * gathered former officiers of Tsar
 * Trotsky got 330,000 men and 22,000 officers were in the Red Army


 * Red and Whites **
 * enemies of Red Army known as **Whites**
 * called Whites because it was traditional color of Tsar
 * not all were supporters of the Tsar
 * many were Sovialist Revolutionaries, democrats, landlords, and nobles
 * anyone who opposed the Bolsheviks
 * 4 White Armies were attacking the heartland of Russia held by the Bolsheviks
 * helped by foreign armies sent by Allies
 * Red Army had to face Japan, America, France and Britain
 * July 1918, local Bolsheviks shot the Tsar and his family dead
 * Aug 1918, Socialist Revolutionary Fanya Kaplan shot Lenin three times in the neck
 * Sovnarkom ordered the Cheka, secret politicala police o begin a 'Red Terror'


 * The Red Terror **
 * Cheka, led by Felix Dzerzhinsky had headquarters in Moscow
 * agents tortured prisoners to extra confessions before executing them
 * even Bolsheviks feared the Cheka
 * Trotsky issued an order in 1918 that executed soldiers when they tried to run
 * began to win Civil War
 * 1919, foreign armies of intervention were withdrawn from Russia


 * One Step Backwards **
 * War Communism **
 * all factories with 10 workers were nationalised
 * workers were under government control
 * private trading was banned
 * inflation allowed
 * food rationed
 * kept red army supplied
 * caused food shortages and starvation
 * 7 million died


 * The New Economic Policy **
 * ** ﻿ ** March 1921 came a revolt of 10,000 sailors at Kronstadt, a naval base near Petrograd
 * Red Army surrounded Kronstadt with 60,000 troops
 * introduced New Economic Policy and abandoned War Communism
 * peasants could sell surplus
 * peasants who made more food paid less taxes
 * factories with less than 20 workers would be given to owners
 * people could use money again
 * industrial output increased dramatically


 * 1923 Constitution **
 * Gave Russia the name 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'
 * 4 republics
 * Russia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Caucasus
 * Lenin did not see USSR grow
 * died in 1924 at age 53
 * body on display in Moscow

The Bolsheviks came into power so Lenin and Trotsky began to impose new laws. They set up a parliament and gained lots of land from neighboring countries. Afterwards civil war started to break out in Russia so War Communism, which mainly limited food supplies and the Red Terror was inputted that made the Russians push their enemies out of the country. At the end, Russia was founded into a set of republics and took the name of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also known as USSR.
 * Summary: **


 * Questions: **
 * 1) What does USSR stand for?
 * 2) Name four parts of War Communism.
 * 3) What four republics were USSR composed of?
 * 4) How would have the Civil War in Russia have been prevented?
 * 5) Discuss whether you think the Bolsheviks did more good or harm to the Russians.