InNo+Part+3+Russian+Revolution+October+27th+2010

= Awesome = = =

**Notes** Lenin set up government in november called Savnarkom, council of peoples commissars. Soviets all over russia joined in the revolution and too kcontrol of most towns and citites.

-Sovnarkom, lenin chairman. -issued decrees/ orders on day one. made changes to the russian people -land was given to the peasants to divide among themselves -**A decree on peace -** Savnarkom make peace with russia;s enemies at once. - "All- Russian Extraordinary Commission to fight Counter-Revolution and Espionage" = Cheka- to deal with oppoenetns of belshevik -November 1917 elextions held for russias new parliament (consituent assembly) -Bolsheviks beaten in the elections. -Socialist Revolutionaries gained more seats in assembly then al lthe parties all put togetehr. -January 18th 1918, less than 24 hours, sovnarkom ordered stop meeting. -Bolshevik red guards killed people ho support of the assembly. Lenin believed that quik end to war against germany and austria was needed -in order to sty in power (bolsheviks) Lose support of army. Decemebr 3rd 1917 peace conferne between russian germany and austria hungary. thought both countries can make democratic peace -no revolution began in germany, IN february 1918 germany army advanced in russia, clsoe to petrograde. lost sixty two million people 27% farm land 26%railways 74% iron ore, coal. -paid 300 million gold roublesin germany.
 * The First decrees of Sovnarkom**
 * Novembr 8th 1917**
 * -decree on land**- took 540 million acres of land, (from the tsar, nobles, church, landlords)
 * Novmebr 12-**A decree on work- 8 hour day, 48 hour week. over tiem and holidays.
 * Novermber 14th - a decree on unemployment insurance** insurace to all workers against injury illness and unemployment.
 * Decmber 1 a decree on the press** - banned all non bolshevik newspaper
 * december 11th** - savnarhom bannedrussian;s liberal party, the consitutional democratic party, arrst of leaders
 * December 20th－** - Lenin set up a political police force
 * December 27th - decree on wokers control -**put banks in russia under svnarkoms control
 * December 31st** - a decree on marirage, couples have non religious weddings, easier divorces.
 * The Consituent Assembly**
 * Treaty of Brest Litovsk**
 * Leon Trotsky** - russias commissar, minister for foreign affairs.
 * Treaty of brest litovsk** - hardest treaty ever made, russia had to give up western lands (finalnd estonia latvia lithuapia, poland and ukarain, and gerogia.

Lenin and bolsheviks made peace with germany, enemies of bolsheviks inside of russia got ready to fight them. May 18th seirous fights began, anti bolshevik soldiers took control of the trans siberian railway. link between east and west. -May 1918 45000 prisoner of war taken across russia on train to vladivostok. -then on ships back into country -train load of czechs quarrel with soviet of a tawn. quarrel became fight, cezchs took contol of the twon -bolsheviks troops to rstore order, more trainloads of czch prisoners joined the fight. -2 weeks taken over all imporant towns in the area. end of 1918, all trans siberian railway adnd the towns along its route were owend by czech. -enemies of bolsheviks join czechlegion. -set up their own government claimed that they ahd russian rule.
 * Chapter 12 Civil War and Foreign Intervention**
 * The Czech Legion**
 * Homuch** - short for committe of members of the consituent assembly.

-Komuch enemies of bolsheviks into peoples armywent to moscow. captured 650 killion gold roubles on the attack on the govenrments gold reserve. -bolsevik gvernment in moscow, took measures to protectthemselves. -introduced consciption-aged 18 men to 40 serve in Bolshevik army-red army. -Leon Trotsky given task to organize new army, -first prblem find officers to lead the red army. sent to prisoner if refused. -found 22,000 oficers. Reds - against red army, whites bolsheviks. -many were socialist revolutionaries, others democrats, end of 1918 four whit armies were attcking heatland of rissia. Held by bosheviks. helped by foriegn armies which hadbeen sent by the allies. Allies were angry at russiaswithdrawal form the war, waned to crush bolsheviks. Armies of Intervention consists of britiain frace america and japan.
 * Reds and Whites**

-lots of deathTsar and his families prisoners of the Bolsheviks in ekaterinburg. -july 1918 if twon cpatured by czech legion. bolshviks scared that ex tsar would be saved. become leaer f white armies. killed nicholas alon with his family. -bolshevik almsot lost leader august 1918. -socialist revolutionary named Fanya Kapaln shot lenin three times. -bullets entered through neck, lenin lived. - convinced that bolshviks ruthless methods were needed ot deal with their white enemies. -Sovnarkom ordered the Cheka, secret political polic, begin "Red Terror" -Cheka led by Felix Dzerzhinksy, headquaters lubynaka street moscow. -cellars of headquaters, torturedprisoners, extract confessions. -units coutnryside hang beat shot burned anyone who helped whites -cheka, was feaverd by eveyrone. - leon trotsky carried out own form of terror 1. anyonewho incites anyone to retreat to desert or ot to fulfil military order will be shot 2. soldier of the red army who voluntarily deserts his post will be hsot 3. every soldier who throws away rifle or sells parts of equipment wil be shot. 6. guilty of harbouring deserters are liable to be shot 7. hosues in which deserters are found are liable to be burned down. Trostky not just a tyrant. -spent much time on civil war, lots of traveling. -red army began to win the civil war. 1919 foreign armies of intervention were withdrawn fomr rissia. -white armies fight lalone. never came togetehr as an united force.
 * Red Terror**

During civil war, bolsheviks too kstrict measures to organise industry and ood supplies in the area under their control. Two aims, red army suppiled with food and weapons, troduce system of communism. equal shairng of wealth. 5 aspects 1. all factories more than 10 workers are nationalized. A govt. body called Vesenkha (Supreme Council of National Economy) decided what each industry should produce 2. All workers under govt. control. Military discipline in the factories. Death penalty for strikers. Unemployed = 'Labour Armies', cutting trees or building roads etc 3. Private trading was banned. Peasants had to give their surplus food to the govt. they could not sell it for profit 4. Govt. allowed money to lose its value through inflation. Abolished rents, railway fares, postal charges and many other money payments. People were encouraged to barter 5. City foods were strictly rationed
 * Chapter 13 Oe step backwards war communism and the nep**
 * War communism**

War communism succeeded one of aims. - kept red army supplied wiht food nd weapons. they won the civil war in 1920 - failed to share wealth equally. - Country side many peasants no point growing more food than needd for themselves. war comunism took away surplus crops -1919 peasants sow less grain, breed fewer animals. -food shorage in 1920 led to famine in 1921. -starvation cold weatehr disease killed 7 million russians

March 1921 revolt of 10,000 sailors at **Kronstadt**, naval base near petrograd. -Konstadt loyal bosheviks, war communism wasnt awhat was promised, attack petrograd. -Leon Trtsky, red army gnereals, surroind them with 60,000 troops. -Kronstaft crushed, lenin realised change of policy was needed. -march 1921 abadoned war communism.-**New Economic Policy (NEP)** 1. Peasants could sell their suplus food for profit 2. Peasants who increased their food production would pay less tax 3. Factories with fewer than 20 workers, given back to owner 4. People could use money again -bolsheviks shocked by NEP -one step backwards two steps forwards. -1925 nep begun to work. food production went up industial output increased. Russaia gained new consitution -russia was a **Union of Soviet Socialist Republics** Lenins death- did not live to see USSR grow - 1922 1923 suffered strokes -january 1924 died at 503 -hody embalmed put on display in a tomb in red square in moscow
 * The New economic Policy**
 * The 1923 Consistution**
 * -union of 4 republics, russia byelorussia, ukraine and Caucasus.**
 * each had its own government.**
 * - national govenrment in moscow sovnarkon retianed control over national conerns, amred forces industry omunication secret police**

Questions
1.what was the NEP? 2.How was NEP different from War communism? 3.what is USSR? 4.What did Cezch haveto do with the rebellions? 5.Who were the red and whites and who won?

Summary
New government sovnarkom, Lenin was the leader started issuing decrees and tired to make peace with germany, but ends up giving all their foreign land. Civil war started by the Czech legion, Czech prisoners and the enemies of Bolsheviks with some other foreign countries rebel against Bolsheviks. Red terror began where the Cheka tortures hangs or beats to whoever helped the white. Leon had his won kind of terror. Bolsheviks abandoned War communism, started the New economic policy, many improvements