InNo+JuneShin+08.25.10

FRENCH PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
 * Before the French Revo, French civillian have lived a ordinary.
 * Based on the social levels, they lived a different life
 * Peasant lived their life by farming; about 20 million.
 * People lived in town are workers (shopkeepers,traders,craftsman,builder, and labourers);2 million
 * Some people are bourgeoisis belonged to 'middle class'(between workers and noble);2 million
 * Noble families about ;120,000 to 350,000 people


 * THE THREE ESTATES
 * Most France people are belonged to a social class, but in Franch law people are belong ro estates
 * Three Estates-
 * Clergy(ran the country's edu and religious life)-people who worked in church for living
 * Nobility(Soldiers with job with fighting)
 * Other people
 * The nobility and the clergy got right of paying certain tax.
 * The king have authorized special rights to noble and clergy.
 * By 1789, Clergy and noble are no longer important.
 * e.g noble- don't have responsibility for war
 * Most disagreed with the ideas of estates.


 * POVERTY
 * There was more inequality in Franch society which lead them to kept apart
 * Wealth was the premier cause of inequality
 * Nobles and Bourgeoisis=Rich, Other=Poor
 * Some million people are extraordinary poor that they have to rely on charity.


 * UNEQUAL TAXATION
 * Even the poor need to pay taxes
 * 2 types of taxes
 * Directly to the government
 * Indirect taxes that people need to pay when they buy goods
 * Average paid 10-15% of it's yearly earning yo taxes
 * Some did not require to pay tax
 * Taille- tax of land or income ;All the citizens have to pay, exept Noble,clergy
 * Capitation- a poll tax; All the citizens have to pay; all the people need to pay but noble and clergy paid less
 * Twentieths- income tax; All citizens have to pay; No exepts but clergy and noble paid less
 * Corvee- labour tax;All able-bodied citizens; Noble and Clergt, townpeople,post masters, country school teachers, shepard didn't pay
 * Gabelle- tax on salt; people buying salt;3.3 mil people living in four exempt area
 * Octroi- a tax at town gate; The merchant who transport; All people pay
 * Aides-tax on drinks; any one buying wine;some province were exempt
 * Traires-tax on good being transported;The merchants who transport goods; Nobody was exmpt
 * Noble and Clergy were exempt from many taxes; Rich don't have to pay a lot of tax
 * Merchants have to pay money to gov and landlord( landlords are clergy and noble)
 * Also need to give tithe- giving local church around a tenth of their yearly income
 * Farmers don't have any difficulty paying the tax, but some poor farmer and peaseant facing difficulties.


 * A PHILOSOPHE AT WORK
 * Scientist Lavoisier was the famous philosoper for discovering how things are burn
 * Phlogistin are the substance that made other burn such as woods contain it
 * Lavoisier studied the process of burning to findout his theorey was correct, it was wrong
 * It burns when it have oxygen.
 * He also involves himself in social and political issues.
 * reforms to poor, techniques of farming


 * THE CALAS AFFAIR
 * The most famous philosophes was Voltaire, questioned the power and belief of Franch Church
 * He showed a clear view when he was involved in a case of injustice-CALAS AFFAIR
 * Jean Calas, merchant lived as a protestant living among catholics
 * 1761, one of his son hanged himself in his father's warehouse
 * Rumour of Jean Calas murderd his boy was spread to stop him from converting to the catholic faith.
 * The magistrates accepts the romour as true and behead Jean Calas. In public he was smashed and burned.
 * Voltaire believed Jean was innocent, he argued that magistrates agree the romour since he was Protestant.
 * He run a campaign with the name of Calas, and showed his not guilty
 * Voltaire defend Calas because it was major problem in French history, religious intolerance- to refuse to allow other religion exept Catholics
 * The cruelty of law-allow Calas to be tortured to death.
 * CHANGE IN PUBLIC OPINION
 * The philosopes such as Voltaire encounter the change of public opinion to change
 * 1780 most of the educaed people agree on basic idea and value.
 * Want-
 * More humane
 * Torture free system of law
 * Wanted Protestants and Jews
 * Change France gov, how it runs.

Main Idea

During this period of time in France they experienced many kinds of difficulties such as taxation, the estates and the gap between the rich and poor was too big. The people were divided in Three Estates 1.)Nobility, 2.)Clergy 3.) Commoners Nobility and Clergy were exempt from a lot of taxes and had Feudal laws

Question

What contribution does the philosopher's from that period of time contributes knowadays? What is the chief cause of the revolution.

The Social class of France-Graph



This graph shows the rate of the balance of the social class during that period in France.

The three estates of France- Special Right

This picture represent the Three estates, the other picture represent the power that the clergt and Nobility was provided by special right.

Inequality of France-Poverty

[]

It gives additional fact that how poor-and rich of French citizens.

Philosophy



Scientist Antoine Lavoisier, who solved many new things biography:https://reich-chemistry.wikispaces.com/Antoine+Lavoisiera

Calas Affair



The picture of Jean Calas that Voltaire tried to solve the case of the calas.

Biography of Voltaire:[]

This shows how Voltaire solved the case of Calas.

This picture shows how Calas solve the problem, by this letter which was published to the public to solve the problem