InNo+youbinpx2013+09.03.10

=Chapter 2 Revolution and Terror, 1789-1794= Revoluton, 1789
 * setting up the New Assembly
 * citizen's action
 * defeat for the king, lost control as the Estates General
 * riots in Paris
 * Louis' action
 * ordered 20,000 royal troops
 * to keep an order (people got afraid)
 * angry citizens
 * fear grew on 12 July
 * Louis replaced the finance minister Necker with a hard-liner who opposed the third estate
 * people assumed that National Assembly might get crack down soon
 * 2 days of searching for weapons to defend the troops
 * 14 July, rumors spreaded
 * tonnes of gunpowder in Bastille
 * old fortress in the east end of Paris


 * The storming of the Bastille
 * parisians hated Bastille
 * prison where prisoners of sealed letters were sent
 * dark, dangerous, torture chambers, and chained prisoners
 * taking control of Bastille
 * angry crowd went to destroy the fortress
 * fortress = symbol of king's power
 * broke in the courtyard with cannons
 * smashed everything
 * killed every defenders
 * by evening, took control of Bastille
 * Images of the Bastille
 * fall of Bastille was very renowned
 * symbol of the victory of ordinary people over the power of rulers
 * recorded in many drawings and paintings
 * foreign artists also created paintings
 * drawings were not accurate
 * only 7 prisoners were found
 * different sources have different opinions
 * prisoner's diary shows that they had a good life in the prison
 * The king loses control
 * Louis gave up taking control of Paris
 * army back to barracks
 * allowed people to set up their own military force, the National Guard
 * leading officials of third estate formed a new local government, the Paris Commune
 * towns and cities in France followed Paris
 * rioting crowds crashed down royal officials creating their own commune
 * The Great Fear
 * violence spread into the countryside
 * unemployment was high
 * millions were hungry
 * left home to find a job or to beg
 * gangs of wanderers feared the farmers
 * stole food from fields
 * damaged farms
 * rumor: nobles were paying gangs to attack farms and peasants
 * angry peasants
 * refused to pay feudal dues
 * broke into lords' homes burned records of dues
 * fear grew
 * villagers rang the church bells to warn neighboring villages
 * by late July, France was gripped by a 'Great Fear'
 * The Assembly begins its work
 * deputies in the National Assembly were scared
 * noble deputies gave up feudal rights and dues
 * hunting rights
 * tithes
 * corvee
 * rights of the mill and oven
 * feudalism was dead
 * 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen'
 * all men were free and equal in rights
 * people have freedom to speak and write
 * changed the laws of arrest and imprisonment
 * banned torture
 * power belonged to the entire people
 * The women march to Versailles
 * Louis refused to sign these changes ↑
 * early in October, brought more soldiers to Versailles to add to his bodyguard
 * it looked like he was going to break up the Assembly
 * crowds of market women
 * marched through the city
 * collected weapons
 * on 5 October, marched to Versailles with weapons
 * supports by National Guardsmen
 * complained about the high price of bread and extra soldiers
 * tell to come with them to Paris
 * On 5 October
 * Louis, Marie Antoinette and the oldest son left to Paris
 * Versailles was locked and boarded up
 * lived in the Tuileries Palace in the center of Paris

The King and the Assembly, 1789-1792
 * Reforms of the National Assembly
 * the Assembly made many new laws
 * changed the way France was organized and ran

1. Male tax-payers over 25 years old have right to vote 2. church land was seized to be sold to pay France's debts 3. the Assembly paid debts with assignats 4. local government re-organized, councils election 5. Protestants have same voting rights as Catholics 6. France divided into 83 departments, each run by an elected council 7. jews were given same voting rights 8. gabelle (salt tax) abolished 9. monasteries and convents closed down 10. assignats became France's legal currency 11. noble titles abolished 12. reform on church 13. new system of law courts created, judges were to be elected by citizens 14. traites taxes abolished 15. tax on land introduced 16. trade guilds abolished 17. aides taxes abolished 18. taille tax abolished 19. black people have same right as white people 20. slavery abolished 21. introduction of a constitution describing how France would be governed
 * Reforms of the National Assembly**
 * bishops and priests must be elected by people
 * must take an oath of loyalty to France


 * The Reform of the Church
 * 2 sides on the Church reform
 * church had too much power, land, and money
 * clergy lived unholy lives
 * god-fearing Catholics
 * never questioned the way the Church was run
 * no reason to change it
 * catholics protested
 * when the National Assembly began to take land and money from the Church
 * protest grew louder in July 1790
 * Assembly drew up a law reducing the power of the Church
 * 'Civil Constitution of the Clergy'
 * priests and bishops must be elected
 * all clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the French nation and the law
 * clergy were divided into 2
 * who took the oath and supported the revolution
 * refused to take the oath and opposed the revolution
 * The flight to Varennes
 * Louis was unhappy with the Civil Constitution
 * sided with the priests refusing to take the oath (opposition on the revolution)
 * angry crowds protested at the Tuileries gates
 * Louis decided to leave France
 * aim was to get help from the French princes who built up armies across the frontier
 * hoped for assistance from Marie Antoinette's brother, Leopold (the Emperor of Austria)
 * 21 June 1791
 * Louis, Antoinette and their children disguised
 * crept out of palace
 * wating carriage took them to Montmedy
 * got caught in the town of Verennes
 * arrested and sent back to Paris
 * The road to war
 * Emperor Leopold's statement
 * with the King of Prussia, called European kings to take action to help Louis.
 * he had no intention of attacking france
 * just a show of support for his sister
 * rumor: foreign armies would soon invade
 * Louis wanted war
 * expect the French armies to lose
 * Louis could be restored to power
 * opposing people wanted war
 * might show whose side Louis was on
 * if he sided the invaders
 * de-throne him
 * make France a Republic

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Summary: This readings are about the changes that France faced after the riots. People created a National Assembly which changed some laws and abolished many tax systems. Louis lost his power and was supervised by many people. With the help from Emperor Leopold, the war was starting.

Questions: 1. Why did people didn't let Louis to escape? What's their real aim on Louis? 2. Did Emperor Leopold wanted to have a war later? 3. What was Maria Antoinette's reaction toward these events?