Roots+of+the+Cold+War+p7-12+weiweil2013+11.4.11

MANHATTAN PROJECT KNOWLEDGE OF THE BOMB BIG THREE MEETING AT POTSDAM CONTAINMENT OF USSR'S EXPANSION THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE DISARRAY IN POSTWAR EUROPE
 * = development of the atomic bomb from German scientists (albert einstein)
 * Truman didn't know about it until April 25, "can be complete within 4 months"
 * so secret that Truman didn't know until after Roosevelt's death
 * could destroy modern civilisation completely
 * "the newest developments in nuclear physics... will probably make it possible to produce an explosive many orders of magnitude than the conventional ones"
 * USA + UK knew, USSR doesn't (Roosevelt's policy, continued by Churchill and Truman)
 * Interim Committee = established May 1945, advisors on atomic policy (scientists, government officials, etc), talk about "demonstrations"
 * had larger goals than Japan, wanted to flaunt bomb, etc
 * agenda: German occupation, invasion of Japan, Manhattan Project
 * Stalin promises to enter Pacific war, gives specific date
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Stalin already knew about bomb from spies, already developing secret Soviet atomic bomb
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">UK + USA try to withhold knowledge of atomic bomb = "HAHA STALIN THEY'E GONNA BOMB YOU TOO"
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">after Hiroshima + Nagasaki, Soviet-American ties break down completely
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">USSR conquer Eastern Europe countries, casting "iron curtain" across Europe
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Kennan (US embassy in Moscow) started strategy of containment = basis of postwar US foreign policy
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">"long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies"
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">postwar USSR = two goals: establishing secure line around homeland + exporting Communism
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">distinguishing between USSR's military presence/traditional Russian imperialism and Communist political adventurism
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">= policy to aid (economically, militarily) any nation threatened by Communism
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">little can be done about territory under Soviet control, but Truman could stop Soviet expansionism
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">eg: Greece (civil war) and Turkey (buckling under pressure from Soviets), but could not afford
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Acheson (Undersecretary of State) meet with congress, makes domino theory (if one falls, all will follow)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">January 1947: Germany would be reunified under central, freely elected government (France + USSR both nervous)
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">disagreements in Moscow about Germany's future economic strength/freedom, no agreement reached
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">economic + political situation in Western Europe = large cities into rubble, factories lacking industrial supplies, unemployment, starvation
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">acute shortages = Communist advantage