Notes+Part+1+Making+Peace+amypx2013+11.29.2010

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= Making Peace =

Above is a picture of "The Big Three" - George Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson, and David Lloyed George. "The Big Three" were the dominating figures at the Paris Peace Conference; they united together and established the League of Nations.

media type="custom" key="7685523" Above is a diagram illustrating the peace treaties signed after the Great War. Not all of them dealt with the defeated countries (for example, Russia and Poland signed treaties), but for the defeated countries, the terms were quite harsh.

Suffering in countries

France: § Land ruined § People died § Lost farmlands and factories § Railway lines wrecked

 Belgium: § Occupied by Germany for 4 years § Germans took away food § Lands ruined

 Britain: § Suffered less- no wars fought on its land § Lost many soldiers § In debt

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Italy: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ North-east Italy devastated <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Felt they deserve more <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Lost many soldiers

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Russia: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Revolution broke out <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Mass hunger and deaths <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Lost land and other things to Germany

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> The United States: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Suffered least <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Lost little men <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Joined war late

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Germany: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Different kind of suffering – no war on its land <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Lots of soldiers killed <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Revolution caused chaos <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Ports blocked <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Starvation

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Other Sufferings of War: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria lost many soldiers <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Spanish influenza killed more than 25 million people

<span style="color: #206eee; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Great Expectations

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Paris Peace Conference: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ January 1919: biggest peace conference <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ “Big Three” – <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, David Lloyed George <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ France: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Germany must pay for losses <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Germany must be made weak <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ USA: <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Fourteen Points to ensure peace <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o No more secret communications <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Countries reduce weapons and armed forces <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o People in foreign empires must choose their own government ( <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">national self determination <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">) <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Create a <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">League of Nations <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">- new organization for keeping peace <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Britain <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o David George argued with Woodrow Wilson’s ideas <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o British public wanted to punish Germany harshly <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Hard for David George to follow his beliefs <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ So the league of nations was set up <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ National self determination- Italians, Poles, Czechs, Yugoslavs, etc. <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Became “free for all” <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Defeated countries were not allowed to take part; neither Russia

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Germany Re-made the Treaty of Versailles

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">28 June, 1919: Treaty of Versailles <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ A League of Nations was set up <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ 26 clauses : Covenant of the League of Nations <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Germany must give land away <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Colonies taken away <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Land from Russia back to Russia <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Armed forces reduced <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Western part was made in to a <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">DMZ <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Forbidden to united with Austria <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">War guilt clause <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Must may <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">reparations <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Germany thought it was too harsh: “Diktat”- dictated peace <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Forced to sign

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Other Peace Treaties

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Austria Hungary <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Treaties signed at <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Saint Germain and Trianon <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Made into separate and independent states <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Gave up lands to (Czech, Romania, Serbia, etc)

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Bulgaria <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Treaty of Neuilly <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Gave land to neighbors <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Reduce forces <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Reparations

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Russia <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Treaty of Versailles gave land back <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Provinces on the Baltic Sea became independent states

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Poland <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Gained independence <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Land from Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> The Turkish Empire <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Treaty of Sevres <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> was harsh <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Took away all of Turkey’s land <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Turkish strait belonged to the League of Nations <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Land made into mandates governed by Britain and France <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Only Arabia gained independence

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">The League of Nations

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Covenant of the League of Nations <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Quarrels will turn into talks not war <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Discussed in the League’s <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Assembly <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Collective Security <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> – if a member is attacked, other members will go to its help <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Help would be arranged by the <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Council <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">of the League <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Much work done by <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Commissions <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Disarmament Commissions <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">– persuade members to reduce armed forces <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Mandates Commissions <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> – keep eye on German and Turkish colonies under the temporary rule of Britain and France by the Peace Treaties <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Health Organization <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> – improving world’s health <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> International Labor Organization <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">– improve working conditions <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Permanent Court of Justice <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">– try legal disputes between countries <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Secretariat <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> in Geneva – handle paperwork <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">o Problems <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ US refused to join (did not want to get involved) <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Russia and Germany did not join too <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Did not have army to back up its decisions <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">§ Did not have force to stop countries from fighting

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Summary:

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">So after the Great War, countries are trying to settle down, and many problems occurred along. Countries like France were devastated by the war, and other countries lost many soldiers. At the Paris Peace Conference, the "Big Three" formed the League of Nations; they later formed harsh treaties against the defeated countries of the Great War.

<span style="color: #206eee; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Questions:

<span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">1. What was the number 1 problem that most countries encountered after the Great War? <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">2. What were the basic principles of the League of Nations? <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">3. Why did the League of nations took away so many land from the defeated countries? What happened to those land? <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">4. What were some weaknesses of the League of Nations? <span style="color: #001180; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">5. What did "Diktat" mean?