InNo+Global+War+Part+3+Jerry+March+3rd+2011

PRETEXT -1942 26 countries formed an alliance known as the **united nations** to fight against the **Axis**(Japan Germany Italy.) United Nations were not certain to win, the countires are not as “united” as it appears.
 * Part Three Global War 1942-45**

-After being forced out of Europe, the British could only attack Germany by air. Similarly, the Germans way of attacking the British was to bomb them. -1940-42 British and Germans bombed each other’s factories ports and railways, trying to take out their military transport and railways. -The bombing failed, most bombs missed, factories that were hit were quickly rebuilt. -February 194 the British royal air force changed from precision bombing to **area bombing** -Arthur Harris (air Chief Marshal) area bombing was intended to flatten everything in a targeted area. -Aim was to destroy everything -Dropped bombs on every possible target, highly populated places etc. -May 1942, 1000 aircraft attacked the German city of Cologne, this was know as the **thousand bombed raid**. 2.5 km of cologne was set on fire, 250 factories damaged, 45000 people were homeless. -Only thing they could do is area bombing, anything else was costly. -1942 Canadian British force tried to seize French port of Dieppe. -**Dieppe Raid** – did not accomplish anything, 4384 people were killed, wounded or taken prisoner. 34 ships, 24anks, 106 aircrafts destroyed. -British Mediterranean base was pulverized by German bombers, starved by U-boat attacks on supply ships - Axis army used up all its supplies on the way to El Alamein, without any fuel or food or ammunition they couldn’t go no further. -Germany reorganized their forces -set up **operation torch,** goal was to attack **Rommel’s** (German) army from behind. - British 230 000 men 1440 tanks against Germany’s 80,000 men 540 tanks -when operation torch began (4 days later after victory at El Alamein) it failed. -allies soldiers lacked experience, short of supplies and rain bogged vehicles down. -End of 1942 Germans decided to strengthen their defenses in North Africa. -Started of 1942: **Soviet Red Army** attacked first, goal was to relieve the besieged cities of Leningrad and Sevastopol and recapture Kharkov -250,000 soviet troops were taken prisoner -three months germans and soviets fought for Stalingrad. -Germany couldn’t take it, Soviet forces broke through German lines north and south of Stalingrad. Trapped 278000 germans inside the city.
 * Chapter 8**
 * //The War In Europe//**
 * //The War in Africa//**
 * 1942 began badly for British in Africa.**
 * -**axis forces drove British Eighth Army out of Libya back to El Alamein in July.
 * -General Montgomery** took charge of the Eighth Army (British)
 * //The war in Soviet Union//**
 * -Stalingrad ,** big city communication center

- **Battle of the Coral Sea** (Japan attempt to capture Moresby, New Guinea) - **Americans** sunk Japanese aircraft carriers so they could not capture the port Moresby. - **Battle of Midway –Americans** severely damaged Japanese naval power when the Japanese attempted to attack the Americans - 296 planes were shot down and around 3500 men were killed. - **Battle of Guadalcanal –**Americans had difficulties to drive Japanese off pacific islands. By 1942 ended the Far East expansion.
 * //The war in Far East//**


 * Chapter 9 The Turning Points of 1943**
 * Casablanca Conference –Roosevelt** and **Churchill** announced that their goal was to force the **Axis** into unconditional surrender (Germnay italy japan )

-91000 soldiers and 24 generals surrendered -Hitler was ticked off, because Germany was weakened.
 * Stalingrad**
 * -**The German troops were surrounded,

- Three years of war went on in the desert, the British (**Allies**) controlled North Africa and the Mediterranean - **Allies** invaded Sicily, Mussolini was forced to resign and was replaced by General Badoglio - Allies wanted to occupy Italy (they were sick of war) without going down with any fights but Hitler sent troops to Italy to resist them. - End of 1943 the Allies halted by German’s **Gustav Line of defense.** Which was 100 km away from Rome. **Turning Point at Kursk** - **Battle of Kursk –** Two million men, 30,000 guns, 6000 tanks faced each other - **Red Army** (Russians/ Allies ) Prevented the Germans from advancing. - July 12th 850 soviet tanks attacked Germans, greatest tank battle of the war. - More than 300 German tanks destroyed, before Hitler called off the assault. - Soviets were able to make continuous attacks against the Germans. - **Displaced People** - Millions of people fled to save their lives, - 400,000 Germans were sent to live in Siberia in 1941 - 10 million Russians were taken with their factories to areas where the Germans could not reach. - **Concentration Camps** - Built to eliminate prisoners - Kill everyone, to be specific, the jews. - **The Final Solution** - the concentration camps mainly consist of jews, theyw ere forced to do harsh labor and had no respect, no rights whatsoever. - Lived under horrible conditions (**Ghettoes**) - 1942 began the **the final solution** which was to exterminate all jews. - **Partisans and Resistance** - **-**Civilians formed group of armed bands to resist invaders - **-**In Yugoslavia and soviet union they were called **Partisans** - In France and the low countries they were known as the **Resistance** - **Total War in Unoccupied Lands** - **-**German and British citizens all risked death or multilation form the bombs that were being dropped. - in the US people lives were changed because of the war. - **The great depression** vanished as World War 2 began, they became a major supplier. Canada, Britain and other allied countries expanded to provide their own military goods. - By 1943 they all achieved full employment -**Gustav Line** was attacked by the Allies -only way to go through was blocked by **Mount Cassino,** it had a monastery on its summit. -Allies bombed the mountain, but the German defenders did not back off -Allied forces landed in **Anzio** to attack the Gustav Line from behind, but Germany reinforcements arrived to stop them. -May 1944 the Allies broke through the Gustav Line -Germans created a second defense line called the **Gothic Line** -Weather and German army kept the Allies form proceeding further. -Italian campaign was costly but it helped them in the long run, because it tied the German troops down when they will be needed on a greater invasion known **Operation Overload.**
 * Allied Victory In North Africa**
 * Chapter 10 Total War**
 * Chapter 11 Germany In Retreat**
 * -Retreat in Italy**

-**Operation Overload** aimed to transport allied army from England to France, open second from in Europe -code named **D-Day** -escorted by 600 warships, protected by airforce (2500 bombers) and 7000 fighter jets. -June to December – 2.1 million allied soldiers invaded northern France. -an invasion of southern France, opened another front, by September Allies had drived the Germans out of France -Hitler refuses to surrender -**V-1 Aircraft** -small, no pilot plane carrying lots of explosives, launched in France and in low countries. - allies increased bombing rate on Germany in 1944 -Allies won control of the skies - September onwards, had regular “thousand bomber raids” on Germany. -allies drove the Germans back to their starting point, -lost 120000 men 600 tanks and 1600 aircrafts -Germans retreated from soviet union, pushed Germans back to Warsaw, capital of Poland. -August to end of the year, Soviets advanced into the Balkans. -Romania and Bulgaria deserted Germany and went to the allies because Germany was bound to fail. - Soviets liberated Belgrade in October after advancing Yugoslavia. -By November Soviets entered Greece, -by Christmas they encircled Budapest. -1944 soviets seized to strike Germany
 * Second front in France**
 * -**June 1944 4000 ships and landing craft carried 176000 soldiers and equipment.
 * -Operation Anvil**
 * The air war continues**
 * Battle of the Bulge**
 * -**Germans tried to attack the allied, **Battle of the Bulge**
 * The war in Soviet Union**

-they had 350 million people living on thousands of islands and parts of China.
 * Chapter 12 Japan in Retreat**
 * Victory Disease**
 * -**Japan had too much land that they couldn’t control it.

-American divided their forces into three. Admiral Nimitz, Admiral Halsey and General MacArthur -**Island Hopping** –drive Japanese from each groups of island back towards the Philippines. -**South East Asia Command** -goal was to drive Japanese from India back into Burma
 * Island Hopping**

America grew in terms of economics, major supplier of military goods, outnumbered the Japanese in production -Capturing Marianas Islands in 1944 brought us air force within bombing range of Japanese home island. -Bombed Tokyo Nagoya Osaka
 * Economies at War**

-Japan kept fighting, **Battle of the Philippine Sea** 435 aircraft sent 400 destroyed - they fought to protect the islands they occupied -few taken as prisoner because surrendering was not honorable. - Largest naval battle in history , - Japanese used **kamikaze** which were suicidal bombers - Lots of explosives - The more they had to retreat the more fiercely they fought - **Victory In Europe** - Germany had to fight on three fronts in 1945 - Soviet army allied forces and Italy allied forces - **Operation Thunderclap** - Aimed to destroy Germans. One gigantic bomber offensive - Destroyed almost every city in Germany - Did not stop to fight - Had not won the war - April 11 western allies reached River Elbe - April 16 Soviets crossed the Oder, advanced to capital - Hitler was ill and committed suicide on April 30th - **The Defeat of Japan** - Island hopping continued - **Luzon –** largest Philippine island 200000 Japanese killed - **Iwo Jima** – 200 out of 22000 were alive - -**Okinawa** 107000 Japanese died - despite homeless, hunger, collapsing of their industries, the constant bombing, Japanese were determined to fight to the end. - -4 million armed forces - -America did not want to lose men like in Iwo Jima and Okinawa - dropped two atomic bombs on **Hiroshima( 71379 people died),** and **Nagasaki (**4 days later when Japan did not surrender, 40 ,000 people died) - -September 2 1945 they surrendered in Tokyo to General Douglas MacArthur.
 * No Surrender**
 * Battle of Leyte Gulf**
 * Chapter 13 Defeat of the Axis 1945**

The two major powers were the Allies and the Axis, they continued to attempt to overthrow each other. Using many resources, aircrafts ships and men. Many people died and used tactics that were deadly like the atomic bomb. Germany and Japan were persistent, they did not want to give up until they die fighting. Which was essentially what they did, it took two atomic bombs for Japan to surrender and Hitler committed suicide. They eventually lost and their nations hit rock bottom in every aspect.
 * Summary**

Why did the United States decide to use the atomic bomb? Why did the Japanese soldiers say they would kill themselves before they would surrender? Who and what were the axis and allies? What were the turning points of the war? What happened to the Italian troops?
 * Questions**

this is a youtube documentary made by BBC regarding the bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki. This was americas justification for dropping the bomb. This video relates to what we are learning because these bombs are what eventually stopped the world war 2.
 * Awesome**
 * [[image:_45600207_yamaguchi_ap226.jpg caption="Tsutomu Yamaguchi was a man who survived both atomic bombs, Hiroshima and Nagasaki. He suffered serious bunrs form the first atomic bomb then went back home to Nagasaki only to find out that they dropped another bomb their. He said he hoped his experience held a lesson of peace for future generations."]] [[image:Screen_shot_2011-03-04_at_1.12.14_AM.png width="800" height="419" caption="This is a flow chart I created that talks about why Truman decided to use the atomic bombs instead of any other tactic. There are three major reasons why, some people thought the methods of the atomic bomb was too cruel. "]]media type="youtube" key="ncq_Wye43TM" height="390" width="480"