Napoleon's+Europe+(pg.+67-79)

=CHAPTER 4: Napoleon and Europe= =(pg. 67-79)=

Here is a movie I created using Keynote about Napoleon's Russian campaign in 1812. The soundtrack is the 1812 Overture by Tchaikovsky. It is a Russian revolutionary piece composed for this historical occasion/event. The pictures are cited Works Cited AleskyVT. //Battle of Moscow 1812//. Digital image. //Famous Battles Fought in Your City//. Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd., 1 July 2010. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . BeyondInfinity. Napoleon riding on the back of a horse. Digital image. //Last.fm//. Lastfm.ltd, 27 Nov. 2009. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Clausewitz, Karl Von. //Napoleon, His Armies and Enemies//. Digital image. //Napoleon's Invasion of Russia in 1812//. Blue Crane Books, 2008. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Delors, Catherine. 1812 Prianishkinov. Digital image. //A New View of Napoléon’s Russian Campaign//. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Delors, Catherine. Battle of Berezina. Digital image. //A New View of Napoléon’s Russian Campaign//. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Dow. //Emperor Alexander I//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . //Feel the Summer Heat Wallpaper//. Digital image. //Wallpaper4Me.com//. 2010. Web. 13 Sept. 2010. . Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. //Crossing of the Bereniza, 25-29 November 1812//. Digital image. //File:Battle of Berezina Map.jpg//. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 2006. Web. 13 Sept. 2010. . Hess. //Battle at Losmin//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Hess. //The Battle At Maloyaroslavets//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Hess. //The Battle at Tarutino, October,6//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Maritz, David. A vast plain. Digital image. Web. 13 Sept. 2010. . Vereschagin. //Glare of Moscow Fire//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Vereschagin. //In Front of Moscow - Waiting for the "boyards Deputation"// Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Vereschagin. //Napoleon in Winter Dress//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. . Vereschagin. //The Retreat//. Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. <http://www.100megsfree4.com/rusgeneral/gal033.htm>. Vereschagin. //To the Bayonets! Hurra! Hurra!// Digital image. //PICTURE GALLERY "RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1812"// CQ Counter. Web. 14 Sept. 2010. <http://www.100megsfree4.com/rusgeneral/gal030.htm>. //White Flag//. Digital image. //Sienzuf//. Wordpress.org, 26 May 2010. Web. 13 Sept. 2010. <http://sienzuf.wordpress.com/page/2/>. and the quotes are from thiswebsite.

media type="custom" key="6908783" width="837" height="837"

To watch fullscreen go [|here].

=NOTES=

Intro
1805: Britian, Russia, Austria form Coalition, restarted war which France won --> conquered 1/2 of Europe, changed the way they were run.

Napoleon conquers Europe

 * CONQUERS CENTRAL EUROPE:
 * 1805: defeated A at Ulm + Austerlitz
 * 1806: defeated Pr at Jena + Auerstadt
 * 1807: defeated Russians at Eylau + Friedland
 * turned Tuscany + Parma (1807), Illyrian Provinces + Papal States (1809), and Holland + neGermany (1810) into French provinces
 * Forced German states to join together, G leaders joined into one single Confederation of the Rhine = barrier against A and Pr, financial + military funding.

Rule of the Bonapartes

 * too much land, made brothers Kings of Holland, Westphalia + Spain, stepson, brother-in-law, sisters --> rulers of smaller lands
 * CHANGED STATES:
 * ridded feudal rights
 * took away land from church
 * abolished out-of-date laws
 * modernized governing

Costs of French rule

 * Rule under Bonapartes also = losses:
 * provision of troops for N's armies --> 0.5 million young Germans, Italians, Poles served in army
 * funding for wars --> high tax --> poor families
 * food, fuel, shelter provision --> taken from fields of crops in villages, animals killed, lived in peasants' homes

Resistance and Rebellion

 * Spaniards rebelled, lead war of independence --> French burnt every village, destroyed the people

=Opposition to Napoleon=

Napoleon and Britain

 * 5 countries = independent from N, britain = most powerful
 * 1803-1805 N gathered "Army of England"
 * 2443 boats, 193000 men, 9149 horses ---> channel
 * tried to lure navy away from England
 * worked but N decided to stop because A armies --> France, called back Army of England
 * Battle of Uhn (20 Oct) --> N won, but can no longer invade England (9/33 French ship unharmed in cornering, cannot control Channel)

Continental System

 * 1806: N issued Berlin Decree --> forbid states under him to trade w/ Britain
 * blockade of British goods = CONTINENTAL SYSTEM = direct fall of exports/imports of Britain
 * Portugal refused to join, N invaded it (1807)
 * Spanish + Portuguese hated F, rebelled (1808) + began war of independence, British joined
 * war went on for 5 years...costly for N ("Spanish ulcer") 1/4 million soldiers kept in Spain
 * 1801: Russia decided to leave CS because ruining trade. N invaded Russia to try and force Tsar back in.

Russian Campaign

 * Summer 1812: N gathered "Grand Army" (655,000 men), invaded Russia, R armies retreated, N took Moscow (capital)... however 2 months later he was on retreat, only 50,000 alive, lost war. reasons:
 * unable to find food
 * transport problems, couldn't get anywhere (lack of horses, cattle)
 * abandoned heavy stores (little medicine, food)
 * capital = on fire upon arrival
 * early winter, many died

Fall of Napoleon

 * 1813: new Coalition formed: Russia, Sweden, Prussia, Britain --> drove French out of central Europe --> Austrians + Germans joined
 * 1813: French back into France
 * April 1814: N surrenders, Allied troops forced him off throne, set Louis XVI's brother as king... Louis the Eighteenth

Elba

 * Napoleon = still emperor, but sent him on exile --> Elba, coast of Italy
 * N created tiny army + navy, opened mines, helped farmers
 * heard Louis XVIII was becoming unpopular
 * March 1815: sailed to sFrance, Louis fled, N = welcome, set up empire

The "Hundred Days"

 * empire lasted 95 days (Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia put together 6 armies (1 million men)--> crush him)
 * N (with 122000 men) beat Prussian army (16 June), attacked British army (Waterloo.. 18 June), defeated by Prussians + British, N fled back to Paris
 * 22 June: N gave up throne, gave himself to British warship captain
 * transferred to island of St. Helena in South Atlantic, 8,000 km away from France. spent rest of life in captivity, died in 1821

SUMMARY
In 1805, a new Coalition was formed between Britain, Russia, and Austria, which France ultimately won. France now occupied 1/2 of Europe, having defeated all three countries in 6 different battles between 1805-7. Now, Tuscany, Parma, the Illyrian Provinces, Papal States, Holland, and east Germany were French provinces.

There was too much land to rule over, so Napoleon made his closer relatives rulers of separate sections of the conquered areas. Together, they ridded feudal rights, took away land from the church, abolished out-of-date laws, and modernized governing.

However even under the Bonapartes' governing, the French were still suffering from having to provide troops, food and shelter and financial funding for the war. This caused major unrest.

There were five countries still independent from Napoleon, and Britain, being the most powerful, became the target of Napoleon. He assembled an "Army of England" from 1803-1805, including boats, men and horses but never attacked as he was interrupted by Austrian invasions and had to call back his army.

Napoleon then issued the Berlin Decree in 1806, which forbid French states to trade with Britain. Only Portugal refused to join, and when France attacked it the country rebelled along with the Spanish and the British. This war for independence lasted for five years, which was very costly for Napoleon. In 1801, Russia decided to leave this Continental System too, starting the Russian Campaign, which ultimately failed even with a mammoth army due to lack of food, transportation, medicine, and the arrival of an early winter.

In 1813, a new Coalition was formed between Russia, Sweden, Prussia, and Britain (later joined by Austria and Germany) and together they drove the French armies back into their homeland and in April 1814, Napoleon surrendered and gave up his throne. Louis XVIII was crowned king.

Napoleon, still bearing the name of Emperor, was cast off to Elba but returned to welcome arms of the French in March 1815 when Louis XVIII became unpopular. His new empire only lasted for 95 days when he was led into war again against the Allies. In the Battle of Waterloo (18 June) against the British and the Prussians, he gave up the throne (22 June) and surrendered to the British warship captain. He was then exiled to the island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic, where he spent the rest of his life in captivity and died in 1821.

Questions:
If the Austrians had not interrupted Napoleon's plans for conquering Britain, could his plan have been successful?

Why was Louis XVIII named the Eighteenth and not the Seventeenth? Was there a Louis XVII after Louis XVI that hadn't been mentioned?