InNo+shynricpx2013+08.26.10

//WORLD HISTORY// //- InNo pg 2-12//

=__ Awesome Stuff __= media type="youtube" key="elnSRI8SO_g?fs=1" height="385" width="480" In order to make a fire, "oxygen" must me present - **Lavoisier**

=__ Notes __=

**French Estates** · 2,800 canons and priors · 37,000 nuns and 23,000 monks · 60,000 parish priests || · Had their own law courts · Did not have to pay certain taxes || · Nobles of the sword: princes of royal blood, dukes, marquises, counts, viscounts, barons, knights · Nobles of the robe || · Had the right to carry a sword · Got special treatment in law courts · Did not have to pay certain taxes · Did not have to do military service ||
 * ** First estate ** || ** The clergy ** || ** Main privileges ** ||
 * About 130,000 people || · 138 archbishops and bishops
 * ** Second estate ** || ** The nobility ** || ** Main privileges ** ||
 * Between 120,000 and 350,000 people || · The king and queen
 * ** Third Estate ** || ** Everybody else ** || ** Privileges ** ||
 * About 27 million people || E.g. lawyers, doctors, businessmen, merchants, soldiers, craftsmen, shopkeepers, peasants. || None ||

Besides the unequal numbers and privileges of the three estates, poverty is the greatest inequality in French society.

**Even the poorest of the poor had to pay taxes.** There were two kinds of taxes:
 * taxes paid directly to the government
 * indirect taxes which people paid whenever they bought certain goods

An average French family paid 10% - 15% of their yearly earnings in tax to the government. Some families, however, did not have to pay any tax. These families were often families who held great power and wealth. In conclusion: poor families had to pay tax with their low income and rich families did not. Inequality and inequity are two words that could sum up the pre-revolution French government.

**People who questioned and critiqued the French government:** these group of people shared a way of thinking which they called Reason. They believed the only way to find out if something is true was to observe and test it. They refused to accept anything as true without questioning it.
 * the //philosophies//
 * groups of writers
 * journalists
 * scientists

**Lavoisier:**
 * studied the process of burning.
 * Before
 * scientists believed that anything which burned contained a substance called phlogiston. Wood, they thought, was a mixture of phlogiston and wood ash. When it burned, the phogiston vanished, leaving the ash behin.
 * After:
 * Lavoisier suggested instead that things burned when burning materials combined with a recently discovered gas.
 * He named and discovered: oxygen.

Question: Besides the philosophies, name other people who might be interested in change and justice. Who else might be in France's government's future?