Revolution+and+Terror+(Pg.+28-38)+JonathanK2013+09.04.2010

=Revolution of Terror (Pg. 28-38)=

Revolution, 1789

 * Riots in Paris showed that Louis XVI might loose the capital
 * Louis XVI sent 20,000 troops to surround Paris
 * Louis XVI: To keep order
 * People suspected they were going to break up the National Assembly
 * 12th July, Louis sacked popular finance minister, Necker, and replaced him with someone who opposed the Third Estate
 * People started to look for weapons to defend themselves against the troops
 * Broke into arm stores and stole thousands of guns
 * Rumors there were gunpowder in the Bastille

The Storming of the Bastille
**Images of the Bastille**
 * Prison of the sealed letters
 * They stormed inside, destroyed everything and killed everyone
 * They had control over the Bastille
 * One of the most famous event in the French Revolution
 * Symbol of victory of ordinary people over their rulers
 * Many drawings and paintings were made for this event
 * Prisoners in the Bastille were fed very little

The King Looses Control

 * Louis XVI wanted to recapture the Bastille but he didn't because the troops would probably refuse to do so
 * Paris then set up their own military force **(the National Guard)**
 * Also set up new local government - **The Paris Commune**

The Great Fear

 * Violence spread to countryside - Many unemployed and hungry
 * Farmers fear gangs of wanderers who would destroy their farms and steal their food
 * Harvest Time, rumors of the Nobles paying gangs of wanderers to attack farms (Terrorize Peasants)
 * Peasants broke into their lords homes and burned records of dues
 * Rang church bells to warn neighboring villages of gangs
 * Late June, whole country gripped by the **"Great Fear"**

** The Assembly begins its work **

 * August 4, Nobles announced they would give up their feudal rights and dues
 * **Feudalism was dead**
 * **Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen**
 * All men were free and equal in rights
 * People should have the rights to speak and write freely
 * Changed laws of arrest imprisonment and banned torture
 * Power of France belonged to the entire people, not just the King

** The Women March to Versailles **

 * Louis XVI disliked the decisions of the assembly
 * Refused to sign them, which meant they could not become a law
 * Early October, Louis XVI brought more soldiers to Versailles to add to his body guards
 * Looked like he was going to break up the assembly
 * When the news reached Paris, women marched through the streets gathering weapons
 * They marched to Versailles armed with weapons and backed by National Guardsmen
 * They complained the King about high price in bread and extra soldiers in Versailles
 * They smashed their way into the palace, killed two body guards and threatened to kill the queen
 * On October 6th, Louis, Maria and their oldest son travelled in a coach to Paris, there they lived in the Tuileries Palace in the centre of Paris
 * Palace of Versailles was locked up

** Reforms of the National Assembly **

 * Next two years, the Assembly made many new laws which changed the way France was organized and run[[image:JK.png width="444" height="660"]]

** The Reforms of the Church **

 * Two Sides
 * Against the reform of the Church
 * God-fearing Catholics who never questioned the way the Church was run
 * For the reform of the Church
 * Most people thought the Church had too much power, land and money
 * Thought many Clergy lived unholy lives
 * National Assembly started taking money and land from the Church
 * Protests grew louder in July 1790, when Assembly drew up a law: **Civil Constitution of the Clergy**
 * **Civil Constitution of the Clergy**
 * Priests and Bishops must be elected like other public officials
 * Ordered all Clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the French nation and law
 * Half of the Clergy refused to take this oath
 * Clergy separated into: those who took the oath and support revolution - those who refused oath and opposed the revolution
 * Millions of people followed their priests
 * The whole nation was divided by the question of Church and its power

** The Flight to Varennes **

 * Louis XVI unhappy with the civil constitution - **Sided with priests who refused to take the oaths**
 * Made it look like he opposed the Revolution
 * Crowds protested at the gates of Tuileries Palace
 * Louis XVI planned to leave France, build a army, come back get rid of Assembly and take back power
 * Assembly suspected Louis might try to escape and put guards at every door
 * **Secret Escape out of Tuileries Palace** (21st June, 1791)
 * Louis, Maria and their children, disguised, crept out of the palace through a temporarily unguarded door
 * They were then put in a carriage and towards Montmedy
 * They were recognized and local authorities **arrested them** at the little town of **Varennes**

** The Road to War **

 * Flight of Varennes first step on a road to war
 * Emperor Leopold believed that Louis and Maria was in danger and issued a statement promising to help them regain their liberty and power
 * Then, with the King of Prussia, he called on European Kings to help Louis
 * He had no intention to invade France
 * Rumors that foreign armies would soon invade France
 * Supporters of Louis
 * Wanted war, they believed the Assembly would loose and Louis would gain power
 * Opposed Louis
 * Wanted war, they thought it would force Louis to show exactly whose side he was on
 * If he took the side of the invaders, they would be able to de-throne him and make France a republic