InNo+eunyoungpx2013+Sep.13.2010

**CH4:Napoleon's Europe** toc

-in 1805 Britain, Russia and Austria formed another Coalition and restart the war. -Napoleon won that was an conquered half of Europe

=Napoleon conquers Europe =

-In 1805, at Ulm and Austerlitz, Napoleon smash the Austrian -in 1806, Prussians joined the Coalition and at the battle of Jena and Querstadt, he defeated them. -in 1806 he brought leading German rulers and made a union called 'Confederation of the Rhine'. Napoleon was a head of this union(union helped Napoleon and states also provided money and soldiers for his armies) -in 1807, at the battle of Eylau and Friedlaned, Napoleon defeated the Russians --in 1808 he occupied Spain and in central Europe, he forced small German states to join ->German states->300 to 30 -in 1809, Napoleo took the Illyrian Provinces and Parma intro French provinces -in 1810, he added Holland and north-east Germany to the empire

The rule of the Bonapartes
-There was too much land that he conquered -he share them with his family -he made his brothers king of Holland, Westphalia and Spain -Step -son-> vicery of Italy -borther-in-law King of Naples -sister->given smaller Italian states to rule -They reformed laws, got rid of feudal rights, took away lands from the Church and modernised the way their states were governed

The coasts of French rule
-Napoleon's family tried to improve the states -There was benefits and losses for states that were governed by Napoleon's family -losses was that they had to provide troops for his armies ->population of 50,000 state had to provide 5,000 men ->population of 2 million had to provide 600,000 men -half a million young Germans, Italians and Poles was in Napoleon's army -families who were left behind had to pay high taxes ->it was used for war ->also, French soldiers did not bring foods with them and they took the food from the villages, so people who were living near the route of a marching army were suffering.

Resistance and rebellion
-European people hated the rule of French. -Spain hated French the most(governed by Joseph Bonaparte) -in 1808, Spanish people rebelled against the French and began war -Spanish painter 'Franciso Goya drew what he saw during the war of independence. colllection->the disasters of war

=The opposition to Napoleon =

Napoleon and British
-5 countries managed to stay independent of Napoleon -Britain was the most powerful country -Defeating Britain was one of the jobs that Napoleon had to do -1803~1805, Napoleon gathered a massive 'Army of England' in camps -2,443 boats were to ferry 193,000 men and 9,149 horses to invade Britain -but French had to control of the Channel for at least 4 days -Tricked Britain ships into chasing them into distant water, ex. Admiral villeneuve led British warships under Admiral Nelson on a wild goose chase to the West Indies. -In August 1805, Napoleon decide to postpone the invasion of Britain -Austrian army was marching towards France -Napoleon ordered England army to cut off the Austrian in central Europe ->result of this was the battle of Ulm in 20 October(Napoleon won this battle) -When Austrians were surrounded to Napoleon at Ulm, Nelson's fleet trapped Adniral Villeneuve's fleet off the coast of Spain -In the battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805, only 33 French ships escaped -French navy had no chance of controlling the Channel

The continental system
-Napoleon tried a different kind of warfare against Britain -in 1806, Napoleon issued 'The Berlin Decree' The Berlin Decree-forbiding the states under his control to trade with Britain -He wanted to blockade British goods, known as continental system which can led to am immediate fall in the qualitu of goods imported into and exported out of Britain. Continental system: -most of Europe belonged to Napoleon's continental system but Portugal refuse to join it -in 1807, French forces invaded Portugal and occupied the capital, Lisbon. -The invasion of portugal soon led to unexpected problems. -in 1808, Spanish and Portuguese rebelled against the French -Britain joined in the fighting, -British forces were sent to the Spanish peninsula and helped French -for the next 5 years they fought for French in the 'Peninsula War' ->Spanish ucler->used up huge amount if money and keep a quarter of a million of his soldiers tied down in Spain - in 1810, Tsar of Russia decide to leave the system and open the ports to British. Then, Napoleon decide to force Tsar back into the Continental system by invade Russia

The Russian Campaign
﻿- ﻿Napoleon gathered a 'Grand Army' of 655,000 men -in 1812, invaded Russia ->battle of Borodino->defeated Russia -Napoleon entered the capital, Moscow -As soon as Grand Army entered the French, there were lots of problems ->lack of horses ->lack of food and medicine -During Napoleon's 6th month Russia campaign, 370,000 French soldiers died -200,000 horses died =The fall of Napoleon = -in 1813, Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Britain joined together and start to drive French out of central Europe -Austrians and the German joined the coalition -by 1814 allies had driven the French back into France -in April 1814, Napoleon was forced to surrender -Allies marched into Paris and occupied it -Napoleon gave up his throne and Allies set up a new government with Louis XVQ;s brother

Elba
-Napoleon was sent into exile on the island of Elba but Allies allowed him to keep his title of Emperor -For a year he created a tiny army, opened some mines and helped farmers. But he soon became unhappy -When he heard that Louis XVIII is becoming unpopular, he decide to return to France -in March 1815, he secretly landed in southern France

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The 'Hundred Days'
-his 2nd empire lasted 95 days -The leaders of Austrian, Britain Russia and Prussia set out to crushed him together -Napoleon marched with 122,000 men to the Belgium ->on 16 June he beat one of Prussian armies -on 18 June in Belgium attacked British amrmy at Waterloo -British, supported by Prussian, defeated his attack -Napoleon run away from the battle and returned to Paris -Assembly wanted peace -on 22 June, Napoleon gave up -Napoleon hoped that British government would protect him and allow him to live in British -But British government sent him to the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic -he spent the rest of his life in there and died in 1812.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Summary: This chapter talks about what Napoleon did and what he changed after he got a power. There were too many lands that Napoleon conquered, so he share them with his family and each of them governed the sates that they got, so they tried to improve the states. For people there were benefits but it also had loses. Biggest loses was that each states had to provide troops for Napoleon’s army and people who were left behind had to pay high taxes. European people hated the rule of French and Spain was the one who hated the French the most, so they rebelled against him and began war.

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Questions: 1. Did all the French people liked Napoleon?why or why not? 2. How did his family members govern the states? 3. Which countries hated French?why?

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Fun!: <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> - >population of 50,000 state had to provide 5,000 men ->population of 2 million had to provide 600,000 men
 * ** Why did countries that were governed by France hate France? ** ||
 * * They had to pay high taxes
 * They had to provide troops to Napoleon’s armies
 * French soldiers did not bring foods and they took foods and what they need from the villages. ||