Global+War.(part2)+caroline.norgreen+03.01.11

Made Awesomeness:



This cartoon was how all the notes were connected. It is just a neat way to visualize the notes making them easier to understand. Read downwards

Found Awesomeness:

This cartoon shows the Nazi U-Boat having sunk an American battleship. This is awesome because it shows an accurate the period around 1942. It also shows why Germans favored the U-Boats a lot because they were able to take down huge battleships.

media type="youtube" key="lW9Akjbl2QU" height="390" width="480" This video is awesome because it shows Operation Barbarossa in more detail than the book describes. It also shows images from the extreme torture that the Russians went through which really helps one feel their pain. It is also explains why the outcome was what it was. (:

War Becomes Global 1941-42


 * The Great Fatherland War**

Why did Germany attack the USSR?


 * Signed a pact in 1939 - Nazi-Soviet Pact
 * pact to keep Soviets neutral with Germany while Germany took over Western Europe
 * 1940 - Germany took land in the west while USSR just focused on taking land from east european nations
 * 1941 - Hitler no longer thought it was a useful pact so he focused on invading USSR
 * Hitler secretly hated the communists the whole time, only used pact for his advantage

Operation Barbarossa


 * Operation to invade USSR - started June 22, 1941
 * 3.2 million men of the German army attacked the boarder
 * destroyed most of the air-force & .5 million prisoners & huge quantity of supplies
 * Stalin sent out a radio speech telling people to use the '**scorched earth**' method
 * this means that the whole nation will destroy everything that is usable such as wheat, petrol, telephone lines, transport (railway lines, roads, cars) etc
 * this did not seem the stop the Germans from invading & seemed like USSR would be defeated

How the USSR was saved


 * Things that saved USSR
 * Soviets moved important weapon factories to the east - out of reach for the Germans
 * 1532 factories dismantled and moved with 1.5 million railway truck-loads
 * 10 million workers send to Ural Mountains to work making weapons, ammo, transport, clothes, etc
 * Bad weather
 * Preparing for final attack on Moscow they got autumn rains, countryside--> mud lakes
 * Slowed Germany down - after that mud froze when winter came
 * Help from the US and Britain
 * US shipped $billion worth of supplies to the USSR
 * Britain sent 500 planes to protect ^ those ships with supplies
 * US and Britain signed treaties of collaboration with USSR
 * Russian will to survive
 * Germany tortured and slaughters (by Nazi **Special Action Groups**) so many & sent some to prison camps
 * Russians were angry and united in resistance groups/fighters - Partisans


 * War Spreads to the East**

The United States and Japan


 * US wanted to stay out of the war
 * Neutrality Laws - isolated them from the rest of the world - spent very little on army/navy
 * Japan did the opposite - they took over huge parts of China and the French Indo-China
 * They wanted to grow fast and spent loads on their army/military, making the big, efficient, experienced & well-equipped

The end of US isolation


 * Once war started in Europe policies changed in the US
 * allowed British to buy supplies on the '**cash and carry**' basis
 * meaning British had to pay ($/gold) and collect good with their own ships
 * 1941 - passed a **Lend-Lease Act** - would provide Britain with guns, tanks, planes, etc
 * Lend-Lease aid was also given to USSR
 * Cancelled trading agreements with Japanese & sale of planes, chemicals, and iron to Japan
 * Once they occupied Indo-China, US stopped sale of oil too

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor


 * Japan needed a new source of oil
 * knew British and Dutch colonies in South-East asia
 * knew they could not defeat both British and Americans at the same time
 * Planned a surprise attack on **Pearl Harbor** which was where the US Pacific Fleet was - Hawaii
 * Sunday, 7 December, 1941.
 * Sank/damaged 8 battle ships, 10 war ships, 300+ planes and 3500+ people with 360 planes
 * DID NOT damage 4 carries (proved more damaging than battleships)

Declaration of war


 * December 8, 1941 - Britain and USA declared war on Japan because of Pearl Harbor attacks
 * Within 24 hours Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa + eight other countries declared war on Japan
 * Since sept. 1940 - Japan had been allies with Germany and Italy
 * **Tripartite Axis Pact**
 * Germany and Italy declared war on USA, which immediately declared war on them
 * **United Nations Declaration** - nations would put all resources into fighting and defeating Axis powers - made war global
 * over 3 weeks 26 other nations from all continents declared war on Axis powers

Japan conquers Asia


 * Declaration did not hinder Japanese plans to take over Asia
 * Within 6 months of the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japan had South East Asia and the Western Pacific under their rule
 * They had all the raw materials needed
 * Had badly damaged the British and American forces in the regions


 * War at Sea**


 * Most of war between Britain and Germany took place at sea
 * German aim - so sink transport ships bringing food/raw materials to Britain - starving the Brits to surrender
 * British aim - to keep the shipping routes open all the time at all costs

Sea Battles


 * 1939 - 3 British warships trapped German battleship in the **River Plate** - causing German captain to sink her
 * 1941 - Germans decided to bring their only battleship and a battlecruiser to the French port in Best to attack British convoys in the Atlantic
 * was to join 2 other cruisers that were already actively attacking
 * British air-force spotted them in a fjord in Norway
 * Britain sent 17 ships to destroy them
 * Ships had weak armor and were quickly destroyed by battleship (//Bismarck//)
 * Then British sent all available warships to hunt //Bismarck//
 * Torpedo from a British carrier's aircraft damaged it, forcing battleship to slow down
 * Warships caught up to //Bismarck// and destroyed it
 * Battlecruiser made it safely to Brest - France, where it made many attacks on British shippings
 * Returned safely to Baltic Sea in March 1942

The menace of the U-boats


 * **U-boats** - German submarines proved how dangerous they were from the start of the war
 * Could even sink British fleet in their own harbor
 * Menace increased after the fall of France in July 1940
 * British took to traveling in **convoys** - ships guarded by Royal Navy destroyers/corvettes
 * Germans adapted and travelled in 'wolf packs' of U-boats
 * Churchill said 'Battle of the Atlantic' was taking place

The Battle of the Atlantic


 * December 1941 - battle widened as the US joined in on the war
 * America lost 200 ships before they created a convoy system
 * Germans tried to cut of British life lines by attacking ships off the cost of Africa
 * was not successful with this at all
 * New inventions benefited the US and Britain
 * High Frequency Direction Finding (Huff Duff) - could detect surfaced submarines
 * Discovery of 'Enigma' which could decode //Ultra// codes - which was how Germany would communicate with the U-boats
 * March 1943 - Greatest loss came to the Allied convoys in the 'Black Gap' (area which aircrafts could not cover)
 * 21 sunken ships - 1 sunken U-boat
 * May 1943 - another attack on Allies - but they were better prepared
 * 12 sunken ships - 7 sunken U-boats
 * This was with the help of fast escort boats, radar, Huff Duff, and long-range aircraft
 * U-boat continued to hunt Allies throughout war but May 1943 was a turning point in the battle
 * Germany had failed to cut of Britain's supply life-line
 * With America's aid Britain could continue fighting until Germany was defeated

Summary: During these years Germany invaded Russia but after a while got pushed back. Japan wants to take over Asia so they decide to bomb the Pearl Harbor to try to wipe out the American navy. During all this Britain and Germany are also fighting a lot at sea, Germany was extremely powerful when it came to the U-boats but after Britain improved their technology, there was a turning point and the Brits and Americans started winning.

Questions: Why were the Germans so unprepared for the winter in Russia? Why did the British not make any U-boats to fight back Germany? Was the bombing of Pearl Harbor really necessary for Japanese success? Where the Americans the only reason British survived? Explain when the Atlantic War was in favor of the British & why?

Sources: http://collectinghistory.net/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lW9Akjbl2QU