InNo+JerryL+08.27.2010

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=Four classes in France before French revolution= =

= ok yea i admit it wasn't that lovely =

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= FRANCE BEFORE THE REVOLUTION =

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= French People and Their Society =

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 * Peasants:
 * 20 million
 * Lived off farming
 * Workers
 * 2 million
 * Shopkeepers, craftworkers, builders, etc
 * The middle class
 * 2 million
 * Ship owners
 * Bourgeoisie
 * Between nobility and lower class (peasant and workers)
 * Nobles
 * 120,000 – 350,000
 * High class
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Land owners & had titles

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> The Three Estates =

= <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;"> 1. People who worked for the Church =
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">People were not classified in classes, but in estates:

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> 2. Nobility =

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> 3. Everyone else =

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> The higher class in the first two estates were important during war time, however they were not so unique and important by 1789. System outdated. =

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Poverty =

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 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Greatest inequality
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Poor people live in one small room and get kick out for not paying rent
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Millions relied on charity
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">435 “livres” (pounds) of supplies a year for basic needs.

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Unequal Taxation =

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 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Average family had to pay 10-15% of their yearly income.
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Nobles and clergy avoided most of the taxes and payed no more than others, no problem paying for the taxes.
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Peasants also have to pay money (fedual dues) to the landlord (The higher class)

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Critics of the French Society =

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 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Most people knew no other way of living life, therefore could not question the system
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Only some educated people question the system. (Philosophes)
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Shared way of thinking: Reason
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Did not believe anything was true unless tested and proven.

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> A Philosophe at Work =

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 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Lavoisier
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">A scientist:
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Discovered the way of burning
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Involved with social and political issues (to help the poor):
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">An experimental farm on his estate to try out methods for improving crops.
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Proposed new reformed, abolished taille, and introducing the old age pension, and new hospitals.

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> The Calas Affair =

= <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;"> 1. Religious intolerance =
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Voltaire
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">A writer
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Questioned the power and beliefs of the French Church
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Involved with Jean Calas:
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">A Protestant who lived among Catholics.
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">One of his sons committed suicide
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">People accused him of killing his own son
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Was tortured to death
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Voltaire believed Calas was innocent
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Carried out campaigns over three years
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Court found Calas not guilty
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Showed two major problems in the French society:

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> 2. Cruelty of the law =

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 13px/normal Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Changes in Public Opinion =

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 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Due to writings of philosophes, most educated people agreed on the basic ideas and values. By 1780’s they wanted:
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">A government with a more humane, torture-free system of law
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Toleration for non-Catholics
 * <span style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">On top of all, they wanted a say in the government of France.

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Summery =

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> There was a great inequality between classes, both in wealth and in social status. People did not question their society due to lack of knowledge. This lasted until the educated started to stand up for their people; more people started to respond. =

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Questions: =

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=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> What had caused the situation in France before the revolution? =

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> Was it always like this for centuries? =

=<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; font: normal normal normal 12px/normal Helvetica; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px;"> How did their governing system work before the French revolution? =