-InNo+Ho+Soo's+Notes+(Part+2)+Notebook+10.20.10

=**Awesomeness**=

Lenin making a speech. Lenin told people to form a new government, 'All power to the Soviets!' <- **April Theses**





This is the awesome stuff I made, It's a simple time line in chapter 9 and 11. It covers through the two branches of government, Tsar Nicholas and the wars.

=**Notes**=
 * Russia At War**

Early defeats - Two huge Russian armies attacked Germany at the end of August 1914. - The Russian armies were badly led and badly equipped. - In two battles at **Tannenberg** and the **Masurian Lakes,** both Russian armies lost. - By the end of 1914 the Russians had lost over one million men through casualties, deaths and soldiers taken prisoners.

The collapse of the economy - As the war continued in 1915 the Russian economy started to collapse. - **They had lack of workers**. - 15.5 million young men were taken into the armies to fight, halving the number needed to work in the factories or the in the fields. - In 1915 nearly 600 factories had to close because they didn't have enough workers. - **Next problem was transport.** - Russia depended on railways for food and raw materials. - Not enough trains to supply food and materials to all the people. - Food were rotten during the ride, and people started to get more and more hungry - Coal supplies to factories and power stations stopped. - More factories then were closed. - **Third problem was inflation** - Russia's money started to lose its value in 1914. - At the same time the food prices went up. - By the end of 1915, 300,000 Russians had been killed and three million were either wounded or locked up in the enemy's prison camp.

'Dark forces destroying the throne' - In August 1915 Tsar Nicholas decided to take personal command of his armies. - He left Petrograd and went to live at army headquarters, 500 kilometers away. - This was a huge mistake because Alexandra was now in charge of the government in Petrograd under the influence of **Rasputin**. - From August 1915 to the end of 1916, she did everything that she wanted to. - She sacked ministers who she didn't like and replaced them with people who she liked. - During these sixteen months Russia had four different Prime Ministers 1. Five Ministers of the Interior 2. Four Ministers of Agriculture 3. Three Ministers of War 4. Two Ministers of Foreign Affairs

- Food, fuel and ammunition were already in short supply, but now they became almost unobtainable. - The death toll of Russian soldiers continued to rocket until it went over on million. - People were suspicious because they thought Alexandra and Rasputin were a spy because they were German. - One of the Tsar's mentioned in the Duma, '**dark forces destroying the throne'.** (Something like a spy) - December 1916, they decided to kill Rasputin. - The new year, 1917, began with blizzards and temperatures as low as 35 degree Celsius. - As people were freezing to death, conditions became right for revolution.


 * The Revolution of March 1917**

Wednesday 7 March - The managers of the giant Putilov steel works locked out their 20,000 workers after pay talks broke down. - Workers in other factories went on strike in support of the steel workers.

Thursday 8 March - Fifty factories closed down and 90,000 workers went out on strike.

Friday 9 March - 200,000 workers were on strike. - Workers gathered together and held meetings. - Police were everywhere.

Saturday 10 March - Now 250,000 workers were on strike. - All the public transport was shut and there were no newspapers. - Cossacks refused to atack a procession of strikers when they were ordered to do so.

Sunday 11 March - The President of the Duman, Michael Rodzianko sent a telegram to the Tsar to make a new government. - Tsar then ordered the Duma to stop meeting.

Monday 12 March - In the Volinsky regiment of the army a segent shot his commading officer dead. - The soldiers thn left their barracks and marched into the center of Petrograd. - Duma held a meeting (Tsar told them not to) and set up a twelve-man committee called the Provisioal Committee to take over the government. - That evening, revolutionaries set up a Soviet.

Tuesday 13 March - Nicholas sent a telegram to the Duma that he wanted to share power, but the Duma refused it.

Wednesday 14 March - Nicholas tried t come back to Petrograd to take control again but no one supported him

Thursday 15 March - He agreed to abdicate and give the trhone to Alexis. - Alexis was however too ill so his brother Grand Duke Michael became the leader. - After 24hours, he also abdicated. - Russia then became a republic REPULIC- a country governed not by a monarch but by an elected leader.

**The Provisional Government**
- The twelve men called themselves Provisional Government (they would govern Russia for a short time until elctions could be held) - **Petrograd Soviet** of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies. - They council, which had been elected by working people, aimed o protect the interests of working people and soldiers. - They gained great fame. - **Order No. 1** saidthat soldiers and sailors must set up comittees to take control of all arms, ammunition and equipment. - They had to obey Petrograd Soviet. - Many of the 2500 deputies in the Petrograd Soviet were revolutionaries, especially SRs and Mensheviks.
 * Two new governments**

- Lenin tried to end the war against the Germans. - Lenin told people to form a new government, 'All power to the Soviets!' <- **April Theses** - In June 1917 the Russian armies made a major attack on Austria and they lost. - people demanded that the Bolsheviks should seize power. - The July Days- Alexander Kerensky, the Minister of War, sent loyal troops in Petrograd. - While kerensky issued orders for his arrest, Lenin fled across the border into nearby Finald, in exile again.
 * Lenin and the April Theses**
 * -** Lenin who was exiled to Switzerland, wanted to get back to Russia to organise a second revolution.

- General Kornilov believed that Russia needed a 'strong man' and that he himself should be in charge. - Kornilov tried to get rid of the Petrograd Soviet. - To defend, Kerensky allowed the Bolsheviks to set up a defence force called the **Red Guards**. - Kornilov then got arrested. - By October 1917, the Bolsheviks were more powerful trying to carry out a second revolution.
 * The Kornilov Revolt**

**The Bolshevik Revoltion Of November 1917**
- During the summer of 1917, peasants began to take control of the land on which they grew their food. - on more than 2000 farms peasants killed their landlords and divided the land up among themselves. - Soldiers were using viloence all the time.
 * The state of Russia in September 1917**

- In october 1917, Lenin returned and said tat the revolution should begin immediately. - Leon Trotsky (Bolshevik chairman of the Petrograd Soviet) drew up the plans and set up headquarters in the **Smolny Instittue**, a disused school. - Bolsheviks got supports from other people like Peter and Paul Fortress. (rifles, ammunition...) - November 6th they were ready to attack. - next day, they seized government buildings, the power station and the railway station. - The Provisional Government had its headquarters in the **WInter Palace** and was guarded only by army cadets and the Women's Battalion of the army. - THe Bolsheviks now controlled Petrograd.
 * The November Revolution**


 * Summary**

The Russians started off badly in the beginning, their envoiroment (food, money) were very chaotic. Tsar started to lose its power. People then started to hate Tsar and soon after, March 1917, Tsar abdicated and Russia then became a republic. They were then divided into two government branches. 1. Provisional government the official government 2. Petrograd Soviet the unofficial government They each wanted power but in the end, the Bolsheviks gains the total control.


 * Questions**

1. Why did Nicholas let Alexandra govern Petrograd? Why was this a huge mistake for him? 2.What is the April Theses and what does it include? 3. What are the two main reasons of the collapse of the Tsar? 4. What did the peasant desire? 5. What is the Smolny Institute? Why was this so important?