InNo+France+Chapter+5+michellel2013+09.14.10



= __The Legacy of the Revolutionary Era __ =
 * Era of the French Revolution and Napoleon ended in 1815, but it was still important
 * People all over Europe continued to feel its effects
 * It help shape their lives, their beliefs, and the societies they lived in

 **Traces of the revolutionary era **

> > > > > > >
 * Many companies became famous as a result of the Napoleonic wars
 * Many streets in France named after famous generals and battles
 * Meter, kilogram, liter, weights and measures invented by revolutionaries during 1795
 * Half of Europe country flags modeled after tricolor flag of revolutionaries of 1789
 * <span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Most important are ones that aren’t easily seen
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Ideas of how to organize societies that revolutionaries passed on to future generations
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Two sets of ideas especially important

<span style="line-height: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Liberalism **

> > > > > > > > > >
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Estates General declared it was a “National Assembly” and worked on writing a constitution
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Made Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Gives French equal rights and liberties
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Idea of giving people liberty and equality through a constitution was an important achievement
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">When Napoleon conquered Europe (1800s) constitutions were introduced to states under French control
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Ideas of liberty and equality spread throughout Europe
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1815, Napoleon was defeated, & old rulers took back their throne
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Many got rid of constitutions
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">But could not wipe people’s memory of the constitutions
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Millions of Europeans became ‘liberals’, believing in ideas of liberty and equality, and wanting a constitution giving them rights

<span style="line-height: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Nationalism **

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > >
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Key idea of French Rev: France was a nation, not kingdom
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">France was not personal property of Louis XVI: union of all 28 mill French-speaking people
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">First act of revolutionaries was set up National Assembly to speak for the people
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Adopted tricolor flag to represent nation
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Red & blue colors of people of Paris combined with king’s traditional white
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">During Rev. wars, French set up new nations in lands they conquered
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Italians brought together in nations such as Roman Republic
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Poles gained own nation when Napoleon created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Many Europeans experienced living in nations and ruled according to a constitution
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Came to an end in 1815
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Politicians from countries that defeated Napoleon met in Vienna, capital of Austria, to redraw map of Europe
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Re-created many old states Napoleon had destroyed
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Old royal families took back thrones in Spain & Italian states
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">New borders of Europe had nothing to do with people’s nationality
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Italians under Austrian rule, Poles under Russian rule, etc.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">French set example that people wouldn’t forget
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">People living under foreign rule or separate states from their countrymen did what the French did: started revolutions to change the way they were ruled

<span style="line-height: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Revolution **

> > > > >
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Liberals and nationalists started revolutions in 1820, 1830, and 1848
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1830: revolutions in 6 countries
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">King William refused to listen to complaints of Belgians
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Dislike of his rule spread, and they eventually drove the Dutch out and declared Belgium an independent country
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Countries of Europe shaken by revolutions again in 1848
 * <span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Austrian Empire, Hungarian people rebelled

<span style="line-height: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Images of revolution **

> > > > > > > > > > > >
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">revolutionaries of 19th century borrowed images & ideas from French Rev.
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Most famous was of ‘Liberty’
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Image of Liberty created in 1792
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Revolutionaries who overthrew king took it as symbol of the new Republic
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Liberty portrayed as young woman, holding club she used to kill many-headed monsters of ‘despotism’
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Other hand holds ‘liberty cap’ originally worn by freed Roman slaves as symbol of their freedom
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Became popular among sans culottes in 1792
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Marianne, name of figure of Liberty, appeared in countless pictures, statues, & models throughout French Rev
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Appeared during revolutions in 1830
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Most famous image of Liberty is Statue of Liberty in NY
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Gift to US from French people to show friendship between the two Republics
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Marianne made appearances long after revolutions of 19th century were over

<span style="line-height: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> **<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Legends and Myths of revolution **

> > > > > > > > > > > > > >
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Era of revolutions created many myths and legends
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Most lasting is the Napoleonic legends
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Before death in exile, Napoleon dictated his memories & encouraged his friends to write down everything he said
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In the writings he built up an account of his life and ideas made him seem like a great hero
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">When they were published after his death, it helped created his reputation as a great historical figure
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">1840, 20 years after death, British gov’t allowed his body to be taken from its grave in St. Helena for re-burial in France
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Napoleon’s coffin arrived in Pairs, 100,000 people lined streets in freezing weather to pay respects
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Buried in Invalides church, later transferred to massive tomb made of precious stone
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">More tourists have visited his tomb since then than any other Paris tourist attraction
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Legend of Napoleon spread in many ways
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Bank of France issued 20 franc coins bearing his portrait
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Brands of cigars and find brandy were named after him
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Babies heard of him at their mother’s knee
 * <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">It was an English lullaby, written down in 1950 by a woman who knew it from her grandmother
 * <span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is largest triumphal arch in the world, decorated with carving showing Napoleon’s greatest victories

//<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Summary // //<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Basically, this chapter describes how many ideas were passed down to the people all over Europe after the French Revolution: liberalism, nationalism, and revolution. Many people who were under foreign rule wanted independence, with their own people under one nation. Therefore, revolutions happened throughout Europe. There were lots of images of the revolution, the most famous one was Liberty, Marianne. The statue of Liberty is one example. Many legends and myths were told during the period, and Napoleon was the most famous. He made made himself a legend and let people respect him. //

<span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> //Questions:// <span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> //1) Why did they choose the name Marianne? Did it have a special meaning?// <span style="color: #8756d7; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> //2) How was Napoleon's memoirs published? How many copies are there left?//