InNo+shynricpx2013+10.20.10

=__ Awesome Stuff: __= (Left) __**Marx**__ (Middle) __**Engels**__ (Right) __**Lenin**__ Marx was the **founder** of Communism Engels was the **co-founder** of Communism Lenin was a **Marxist revolutionary** and communist leader who established a new Russian Government

=__ Notes: __=


 * 1914, Russia War against Germany
 * St. Petersburg renamed as **Petrograd**


 * Early defeats: **
 * Two massive Russian armies attacked one German army August, 1914
 * Russian armies were huge, but were badly led and equipped
 * **Tannenberg, Masurian Lakes** = battles that destroyed the Russian armies.
 * 250,000 Russian causalities after six weeks entering the war.
 * By the end of 1914: one million soldiers were estimated killed or held prisoner
 * The Collapse of the Economy: **
 * Lack of workers
 * In, 1915 15.5 million men were soldiers.
 * 600 factories closed down
 * There were no men to tend the crops
 * No efficient transport
 * Thousands of tons of food wasted
 * Coal couldn’t reach power stations and factories had no power
 * Inflation
 * Rouble (currency) started losing value
 * By end of 1915 3,300,000 Russian soldiers had lost their lives to the Germans.
 * 'Dark forces destroying the Throne': **
 * Tsar went to the German front to boost morale to his troops
 * Alexandra and Rasputin were left in charge of Petrograd
 * Rumors spread that they were German agents- “destroying Russia from within”
 * December, 1916, 3 nobles murdered Rasputin
 * Rasputin's death was celebrated all over Petrograd
 * 1917 – blizzards and temperatures lower than 30 C
 * Froze railways and burst boilers
 * No supply of any kind were transported- grain, coal, wood and oil were scarce
 * Conditions were perfect for a Revolution

__** Chapter 8 - The Revolution of March 1917 **__
 * =====March 1917, full-scale revolution which overthrew the Russian Tsar=====

** Wednesday 7 March **

 * Steel factories locked out 20,000 workers
 * Other workers joined the steel worker’s strike

** Thursday 8 March **

 * 50 factories closed down, 90,000 workers and the help of the socialist women went on strike
 * =====Bread was the Russian’s first priority=====

** Friday 9 March **

 * 200,000 workers on strike (half of industrial workers in Petrograd)
 * Dispelled by police

** Saturday 10 March **

 * 250,000 workers on strike
 * No public transport or newspapers, food shortages continue
 * Cossacks refused to attack workers

** Sunday 11 March **

 * =====President of Duma (Michael Rodzianko):=====

** Monday 12 March **

 * Mutiny in the army (sergeant shoots commanding officer dead, soldiers march to centre of Petrograd.)
 * Duma sets up twelve-man committee (**Provincial Committee**)
 * Revolutionaries set up S**oviets**: workers and soldiers working together.

** Tuesday 13 March **

 * Tsar gave in and agreed to share power with the Duma
 * Duma leader refuses, it was too late.

** Wednesday 14 March **

 * Generals tell Nicholas army no longer supported him
 * =====Nicholas tries to get back, train is stopped by revolutionaries=====

** Two new governments **

 * 12-men committee called themselves **Provisional Government**
 * Elected by working people, aimed to protect the interests of working people
 * Everything the Petrograd Soviet decided was imitated by other soviets
 * **Order No.1** Soldiers and sailor set up committees to take control of all arms
 * Were not to solute their officers
 * Obeyed in all parts of army and navy
 * Controled armed forces
 * 2500 deputies were SRs, Mensheviks and Bolsheviks
 * Wanted all land to peasants, all factories to workers
 * Soviet did not want to push their demands
 * Co-operate with Provisional Government

** Lenin and the April Theses **

 * Lenin disagreed with the co-operation
 * Wants to get back to France and start second revolution
 * Germans happy to help Lenin get back home
 * Trouble for Provisional Govt. help Germans
 * Provided Lenin with food, money and a special train
 * Helped end war with Germany
 * Only give soviet power, Bolsheviks should be called communist
 * Known as the April These
 * **“All power to the soviets”.**
 * 100,000 soldiers and Bolsheviks roamed the street
 * July days
 * Minister of war, Alexander Kerensky, sent loyal troops to Petrograd
 * Harmed 400 people
 * Claimed Lenin was German agent
 * Lenin fled, other leaders arrested

** The Kornilov Revolt **

 * Alexander Kerensky became PM of Provisional Government
 * Commander-in chief Kornilov believed that he himself should be in charge
 * Plan to get rid of Petrograd soviet
 * Take control of Provisional Government and fight German without interference
 * Kornoilov's troops were the best- Savage division, and Cossacks
 * Seems like revolt would succeed
 * Kerensky allowed Bolsheviks to set up force, **Red Guard**
 * 25,000 Bolsheviks armed
 * Kornoilov's army refuses to fight against workers
 * Kornoilov soon arrested
 * Bolsheviks came out as heroes
 * Majority seats in Petrograd Soviet and Soviets of Moscow
 * Oct. 1917 Bolsheviks more powerful than ever
 * The revolution has not yet to come

** The State of Russia in September 1917 **

 * farmers waited since March for Provisional Government to give land
 * 2000 farms, famers killed landlords, split up lands among themselves
 * Seized lands of Church and the Tsar
 * Kerensky sent out punish expeditions
 * Keep peasants from taking land
 * Not enough loyal troops to do dirty work
 * Trend goes on
 * Violence in countryside led to food shortage
 * armies, discipline was breaking down
 * 1000s of soldier deserting from army every week
 * Everywhere in army, drunkenness, chaos

** The November Revolution **

 * October 1917, Lenin returned from Finland
 * at Bolshevik meeting, he said revolution should start now
 * Leon Trotsky, Bolshevik chairman of Petrograd drew up plans
 * Set up headquarters in the **Smolny Institute**, an old school
 * Army said to support them
 * 6 November
 * Red guards that were armed took action
 * Took control of most important locations
 * Provisional Government has its headquarters in the **Winter Palace**
 * Guarded only by army cadets and Women's Battalion of the army
 * November 7th
 * A cruiser, the **Aurora**, captured by Bolsheviks sailed up the river Neva and fired at Winter Palace
 * Red guards stormed in Palace
 * Cadets and Women's Battalion of the army gave in
 * Provisional Government surrendered and were arrested
 * Lenin announces that he is setting up new government

=__ Summary: __= The Tsar wanted to prove himself to be a good leader and attacked Germany, however, he was defeated and this crippled the economy. Upon leaving for the front lines, the Tsar had left his wife Alexandra in charge- not really a good idea. People were beginning to question the authorities, revolutions were slowly stirring up every now and then, the Russia Revolution has began.

=__ Questions: __= What was the Provisional Government? Explain the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917. Discuss the important events on the Revolution of March 1917. What was common between both Revolution? Who was Russia at war with on 1914 - 1917?

=**__ Citations: __**= Google Image: []