INO-+French+Revolution+Notes+September+3+2010+(2)

= French Revolution & Terror 1789-1794 Pg.28-38 = toc

= Awesome =







Intro
- the revolution which began at Versailles in 1789, spread to other parts of France
 * brought about many changes. society, govt, religion
 * people had strong feelings about it
 * people who hated it tried their best to stop it

Revolution, 1789
- Setting up the National Assembly = win for 3rd Estates, lose for King - Fears grew to 12 July
 * lost control of the Estates General
 * riots= losing control of Paris
 * Lousi sent 20,000 royal troops
 * people were afraid of the break up of the National Assembly
 * News said that Louis had sacked the popular finance minister, Necker and replaced him with another who opposed the 3rd estate
 * People started to find weapons to defend themselves against the royal troops
 * People broke in shops to steal guns
 * 14 July, rumors about Bastille, and old fortress in the east end of Paris, for gunpowder

The Storming of the Bastille
- Parisians hated
 * prisoners sent by sealed letters
 * dark, stinking dungeons, torture chambers and masked prisoners chained to the walls for life
 * = symbol, hatred of king's power
 * broke into courtyard, threatened to blast the gate with canons
 * governor gave in, but no hear of surrender
 * wanted to destroy royal power
 * = killed and smashed everything/one
 * evening took control

Images of the Bastille
- one of the most famous event of French Revo. - many pictures showed dramatic events - many showed what people found after the attack - However, a French historian said it wasn't accurate
 * symbol victory of ordinary people over their rulers
 * their victories was recorded in paintings
 * capture of prison governor, Marquis de Launay
 * rat-infested dungeons, prisoners with masks chained
 * only 7 prisoners

The King Loses Control
- King considered sending troops to recapture Bastille
 * however, his war minister told him that his soldiers might refuse the order
 * therefore, king gave up the control over Paris
 * send soldiers back to barracks
 * allowed people to set up their own military force, National Guard
 * leading 3rd Estate officials set up a new local govt. Paris Commune
 * towns and cities all over France started their own riots, kicking out officials, setting up their own govt and National Guard

The Great Fear
- Violence spread to the countryside, hunger+unemployment - Rumors:
 * thousands left home to seek work or beg, wondering around countryside
 * Farmers were afraid of gangs and wanderers who stole food and damaged farms
 * nobles were going to hoard grain, starve people
 * gangs and wanderers to attack farms and terrorise
 * angry peasants therefore broke into their lords' homes and burned the records of their dues
 * violence spread, fear of gangs increased
 * church bells to warn others about gangs
 * spread from town to town, whole France was in "Great Fear"

The Assembly Begins its Work
- Deputies of the National Assembly was afraid of the violence - Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
 * took drastic measures to end it
 * 4 August, noble deputies, one by one, announced that they were willing to give up their feudal rights and dues
 * Feudalism was dead
 * stated all men were free and had equal rights
 * right to speak and write freely
 * changed laws of arrest and banned torture
 * France belonged to the people, not just the king

The Women March to Versailles
- Louis disliked the decisions of the assembly - when the news got to Paris, crowds of market women gathered in streets - Louis did not want to go
 * refused to sign = not law
 * brought more soldiers as bodyguards to Versailles
 * seemed like to break up the assembly by force
 * marched through city, collecting weapons
 * Oct 5, armed, marched to Versailles
 * supported by National Guardsmen
 * complained about the price of bread and soldiers in Versailles
 * asked the king to leave and live in Paris, so people could know what he was up to
 * women smashed through and killed 2 bodyguards
 * threatened to kill the queen = king changed his mind
 * 6 Oct, Marie and her oldest son traveled to Paris surrounded by 60,000 people
 * Versailles was locked up
 * lived in Tuileries Palace in the middle of Paris

= The King and the Assembly 1789-1792 =

The Reforms of the National Assembly
- The deputies of the N.A. followed the royal family to Paris
 * took an old riding school as a meeting place
 * over the next 2 years, changed many laws
 * See image above for the basic reforms.

The Reform of the Church
- Most people welcomed the reforms, however they were divided - When the National Assembly began to take money away from the church, many Catholics protested - over half of the clergy refused
 * Reform of the church
 * people though the church had too much power, land and money
 * many thought that the clergy lived unholy lives
 * louder in July 1790
 * Civil Constitution of the Clergy, popes and bishops must be voted
 * ordered all clergy to take an oath of loyalty to the French nation and the laws
 * they said the assembly had no rights to interfere in Church affairs
 * the Pope supported their protest by condemning the law
 * clergy divided: those who refused and those who agreed
 * the entire nation was divided by the question of Church and its power

the Flight to Varennes
- Louis was unhappy with the Civil Constitution - Urged by his wife and the members of his court, he decided to leave France - Louis had to make a secret escape
 * took sided with the priests who refused to take the oath
 * seemed like he wanted to oppose the rev.
 * angry crowds protested at the gates of the Tuileries Palace
 * hoped to establish other young princes outside of France who had armies
 * hoped for Leopold, emperor of Austria to invade France, destroy the Assembly and take back the power
 * however, leaving France was uneasy
 * people knew he was going to escape so they guarded all the doors
 * close to midnight on 21 June 1791, Marie and her children all in disguise, sneaked out of an temporarily unguarded door
 * people noticed and sent the message to the people at the frontier, Varrenes
 * they were arrested and brought back to Paris

The Road to War
- Leopold with the Prussians agreed to help Louis regain his power
 * Leopold privately had no intentions to invade France
 * But nobody in France knew that
 * Before long, people were convinced that the war was inevitable
 * many people wanted war
 * because then, Louis will had to choose which side he is
 * if he was on the invading side, people will then dethrone him and setup a Republic France

= Summary = 1. The French Revolution started in Versaille in 1789, and was spread all over the country. The National Assembly symbolized the lower class people defeating the king. With more and more riots, the king sent more royal troops to the capital. It seemed that he was going to break up the National Assembly by force. Suddenly, people went all around town in search of weapons to defend themselves. The crowd then decided to storm a prison, Bastille, where they could find ammunition. Finally, the people took control over Bastille and helped out the prisoners. They then set up their own National Guard and commune. Violence spread to the rural areas. With hunger issues going on, the peasants were afraid of gangs and wanderers terrorizing the area. 2. Louis disliked the revolution and called in more body guards to him. When women in Paris heard about this, they marched to Versailles along with the National Guards to protest against the king. They demanded the royal family to move to the palace of Tuileries in the center of Paris, so the people can keep an eye on what he was up to. 3. People thought the church had too much power, land and money. Therefore, the N.A. also reformed on the church laws. They ordered that the clergy must take an oath on being loyal to France and the laws. However, over half of them refused to take this oath. The king took on the side where people refused the oath. 4. Louis wanted to gain back his power, so he decided to ask Marie's brother, Leopold, the emperor of Austria to invade France and snatch back his power. They tried to escape France, but eventually when they reached Varennes, they were brought back to Paris. 5. Leopold even ask other European kings to help him invade France, but he had no intentions to invade. However, the people in France didn't know that. They were eager for war because the king would have to choose his side. By this, the people could de-throne him and make France in to a republic.

= Questions = 1. Why did some other European kings willing to help Austria and France?