InNo4+p.28-38+Byue+09.02.10

=**__p.28-38 Notes__**= __Revolution and Terror, 1789-1794__ __Revolution, 1789__ __The storming of the Bastille__ __Images of the Bastille__ __The king loses control__ __The Great Fear__ __The Assembly begins its work__ __The women march to Versailles__ __The king and the Assembly__ __The reform of the Church__ __The flight to Varennes__
 * revolution began 1789, Versailles - brought changes in country's society, government and religion
 * people who welcomes revolution = revolutionaries, though millions hated it and tried to stop it
 * National assembly = victory for 3rd estate --- defeat of king
 * Louis lost control over Estates General
 * 20,00 royal troops ordered to move into area near Paris
 * people suspected troops were going to break up National Assembly, and they were scared
 * Louis sacked down popular finance minister Necker, and replaced with a hardliner against 3rd estate
 * people started to look for weapons to defend themselves against King's troops - broke into stores and stole 1000s of guns
 * rumors on July 14 that tonnes of gunpowder was in Bastille, an old fortress (east end of Paris)
 * Parisians hated Bastille - for 100 years people were sent there due to sealed letters.
 * dark, stinking dungeons, of torture chambers, and of masked prisoners chained to the walls for life
 * fortress = symbol of hatred about the king's power, wanting to destroy symbol of royal power
 * when governor let down bridge, crowd killed everything in their way - crowd had power by evening
 * fall of Bastille = symbol of victory of ordinary people over power of their rulers
 * some pictures suggested there were more dungeons below the prison, prisoners chained to walls of rat-infested dungeon
 * but pictures were inaccurate, for only 7 people were found in the prison
 * Louis considered sending army into Paris to recapture Bastille
 * his war minister warned him that soldiers might refuse
 * he allowed people to set up their own military force, National Guard, to keep order
 * lead officials of 3rd estate formed new local government = Paris Commune, to run city
 * rioting crowds attacked town halls, forced royal officials out, and st up own commune + National Guard units
 * thousands of people left home in search of food
 * rumors about nobles trying to starve people by hoarding grain
 * also rumor about nobles paying gangs of wanderers to attack farms and terrorize peasants
 * angry peasants responded to rumors by not paying feudal dues
 * some broke into their lords' homes and burned records of dues
 * fear of gang increased
 * when people saw gangs, they rang church bell to warn neighbor villages, which passed on from town to town
 * July, whole country gripped by a "Great Fear"
 * deputies in National Assembly scared by violence of peasants
 * night of August 4, noble deputies one by one gave up their feudal rights and dues
 * by next morning, hunting rights, //tithes//, the corvee, rights of the mill and oven - all abolished
 * feudalism was DEAD
 * 'Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen,' - all men were free and equal in rights, people should have the right to speak and write freely
 * changed laws of arrest and imprisonment, and banned torture
 * Power of France belonged to the ENTIRE people, not just king
 * Louis refused decisions of the Assembly, cannot become law
 * early October, he brought more soldiers as protection - looked as if he was going to break up Assembly by armed force
 * market women heard, gathered in streets, marched through city to collect weapons
 * October 5, armed with knives, sticks, rifles, 2 cannons, they marched to Versailles to protest, supported by National Guardsmen
 * complained about high price of bread and extra soldiers in Versailles
 * asked Louis to live in Paris - keep an eye on him
 * Louis refused, but changed his mind when women killed 2 bodyguards
 * October 6, Louis, Marie + oldest son went to Paris, surrounded by 60,000 ppl
 * Palace of Versailles locked and boarded up, from then on they lived in Tuileries Palace, center of Paris
 * National Assembly followed royal family in Paris, then had meeting
 * new laws
 * Church had too much power, much land and money, and clergy lived unholy lives
 * when National Assembly took land and money from Church, Catholics protested
 * law called Civil Constitution of the Clergy said priests and bishops must be elected like other public officials, also clergy HAD to take an oath of loyalty to French Nation and law - over half refused
 * clergy said Assembly had no right to interfere Church affairs, but Pope supported new law
 * divided into 2 groups: clergy who took oath and supported revolution & clergy, no oath, oppose revolution
 * millions followed examples of priests, and entire nation divided by: question of Church + its power
 * Louis unhappy with Civil Constitution, sided with priests who refused oath - made him look like he refused revolution - angry ppl protested at gates of Tuileries Palace
 * wife and members of court urged Louis to leave France, find French princes who already left who have built up armies across frontier
 * hoped for assistance from Marie's brother Leopold, Emp. of Austria - then they can invade France, get rid of Assembly, take back lost power
 * Assembly suspected Louis might escape - guards at every door in Palace - therefore Louis and family had to make secret escape
 * June 21 1791, Louis + family in disguise attempted escape, waiting carriage took them eastwards towards Montmedy, close to FRONTIER 250 km
 * caught 50 km from frontier, news of their escape sent to local authorities waiting for them in little town of Varennes, arrested and sent back to Paris - crowds shouted insults and spat at windows as they went past

Summary
The National Assembly gave advantages to the 3rd estate, as they had more privileges, but it also meant that the King has lost. King Louis sent troops into area to keep things under control, but some have already suspected that they might want to destroy the Assembly. He also replaced the finance minster with someone who was against the 3rd estate. People got mad and got weapons and started started to look for gunpowder in Bastille. They went and destroyed everything in their way, including people. But Bastille wasn't like what they heard in stories. They only found 7 men in the prisons, instead of expecting thousands. Soon the crowd gain control over Bastille and the king decided to recapture it. He told people to set up their own military force, and soon riots were sending royal officials out of town halls. But the violence made people scare of gangs that might attack them. But the National Assembly was soon scared by the peasants too. Soon, the nobles gave up the feudal rights, dues, and other rights, and soon feudalism was DEAD. Very soon, a new change was made, that all men were free and equal in rights. Louis got mad and sent in more bodyguards to protect him, which made people think he was going to destroy the Assembly again. Soon market women got mad too and collected weapons and forced Louis and his family to live in Paris. The King decided to leave Paris secretly to join the frontier, but in his escape, he was caught and was arrested along with his whole family.

Questions
Why did the governor of Bastille let down the bridge so easily? How come people did not fight back earlier? Who came up with the untrue stories of the prisons in Bastille?