InNo+hyejijun94+09.3.10

__ Questions 1-6 __
Question 1:

Question 2: A reason why many French people wanted a change in France was that there was injustice in treating the third estate. The nobles and clergy were exempt from many taxes but the peasants were not even though they were poor. Also, by looking at the feudal rights and dues, the nobles/landowners had all the rights.

*Picture of the Tennis Court Oath.

**Question 3:** B the government was deeply in debt, so... E the government spent more each year than it received in taxes, so...  I the government went bankrupt, so...  G the Finance Minister planned to raise money with a new tax on land. But... A an assembly of nobles and clergy refused to agree to the new tax, so...  C Louis XVI ordered a meeting of the Estates General, hoping it would agree to the new tax. But... D the Third Estate deputies took over the Estates General and turned it into a National Assembly, so...  H Louis XVI decided to hold a royal session of the Estates General, and warn the third estate not to defy him, but...  F the deputies gathered in a tennis court and swore an oath that they would continue to meet. B, A, and D are causes, and E, I, G, C, H, and F are consequences of meeting of the Estates General.

**Question 4:** Reasaons why Louis XVI and his government were unpopular by 1789: People thought the king and his ministers had too much power - political Nobles disliked the government's plans for a new land tax because they would lose their privilege of tax exemption - economic People disliked Marie Antoinette's extravagant spending - political People disliked the fact that Marie Anotinette was Austrian - political Many poor people blamed the government for high prices and unemployment - economic&social

**Question 5:** I think the most important reason for the government's unpopularity is that many poor people blamed the government for high prices and unemployment. Most of the French people were peasants but they were treated very unequally in the society of France. Since they are the most people in France, it is the most important reason that the government was unpopular in France.

**Question 6:** If Louis XVI had not married Marie Antoinette, the government would still have been unpopular. Even though this could lessen the unpopularity and people's dislike of the government, there are other important parts that people really disliked about the government. The fact that king had too much power and many poor people having unemployed and paying high prices are more serious and urgent problems that most people wanted to be resolved.

**NOTES:**

**The voting system:**
 * The nobles and clergy thought they could block Louis' plan to tax them because of the voting system used by the Estates General
 * Made up of around 750 members, about 250 from each of the three estates
 * Met in three separate rooms and estate had just one vote
 * The third estate claimed that the voting system was unfair and asked the King to double their numbers in the Estates General
 * 1788, King agreed to the first of these demands
 * Jacques Necker, a new finance minister advised the king to double the third estate

**The food crisis:**
 * The crisis was caused by freak weather
 * 13 July 1788, a massive hailstorm had destroyed cornfields, vegetable plots, orchards and vineyards all over central France
 * This led to drought and the harvest because very poor
 * The weather had not gone back to its usual pattern (rivers froze over, blocked roads, floods ruined farmland)
 * This resulted a rise in the price of bread (rose to 15 sous in February 1789)
 * Many workers lost their jobs, led to riots and strikes

**The complaints lists:**
 * Elections for the Estates General were held in spring 1789
 * Voters were asked to draw up lists of changes that they wanted the Estates General to discuss with the king
 * Over 60,000 of 'lists of complaints' were drawn up (ex. tax-free salt, adjustment to the tithes, controls on the price of bread)

**The Estates meet:**
 * First meeting of the Estates General took place on 5 May 1789
 * The three estates were told to split up and carry on the meeting in separate halls after the long speeches by the King
 * The third estate deputies were unhappy with this
 * They refused to discuss as a separate group and said they would take part in the Estaes General only if the nobles and clergy joined them in a single 'National Assembly'
 * The nobles and clergy refused to do so
 * The third estate said that they would start the work of the Estates General by themselves
 * Louis warned the third estate not to defy him but he was losing control of events at Versailles
 * The clergy decided to join the third estate
 * The third estate deputies welcome the clergy into their meeting hall but it was locked (inside, preparing for king's Royal session)

**The Tennis Court Oath:**
 * The third estate feared that Louis was going to break up their assembly by force
 * With rain falling, they went to a tennis court and to carry on meeting
 * 23 June, when the king held his Royal session, he ordered them to meet in separate estates, but they refused
 * 27 June, king ordered the nobles and clergy to join them in a single assembly
 * National Assembly became France's legal parliament
 * This event seemed like a revolution but this was just a start

**Summary:** The government wanting for a reform, King Louis decided to elect an Estates General. However, this was what the nobles and clergy have intended, using it to block his plans to tax them by the voting system used by the Estates General. The Estates General had met in three separate rooms, each estate had just one vote. The third estate complained that the voting system was unfair. They asked the King to double their numbers in the Estates General and to give each member one vote each. Finance was not the only problem in France. The food crisis was caused by freak weather, as a result the harvest in 1788 was very poor. In spring of 1789, the elections for Estates of General were held. The voters were asked to draw up lists of changes that they wanted the Estates General to discuss with the king. This gave excitement to people in France. On the first meeting of the Estates General, the three estates were told to split up and carry on the meeting in separate halls. The third estate was very unhappy with this order, so they refused to discuss anything as a separate group. The third estate announced that if the nobles and clergy don't join them, they would do their work of the Estates General by themselves. The king warned them not to defy him any further, however the clergy decided to join the third estate. On the day of meeting, the meeting hall was locked, so they went to a tennis court and carried on their meeting until they had changed the way France was governed. On 27 June, Louis ordered the nobles and clergy to join the third estate in a single assembly and the National Assembly became France's legal parliament. These events seemed like a revolution to many people at that time, but this was just a beginning.

**Questions:** 1. What were the things that people complained most about? 2. Why did Louis began to lose his control?