-+Ho+Soo's+Notes+(France+chapter+4)+Notebook+09.14.10

Awesome Part

Napoleon conquers Europe  The peace which Napoleon made in 1802 did not last. Britain, Russia and Austria formed another Coalition in 1805 and restarted their war against France.  - In 1805 he smashed the Austrian armies at Ulm and Austerlitz.  - When the Prussians joined the Coalition in 1806 he defeated them in the battles of Jena and Auerstadt.  - In 1807 he beat the Russians in the battles of Eylau and Friedland.  - In 1807, he made the Italian states of Tuscany and Parma into French provinces.  - In 1809, he took the Illyrian Provinces and the Papal States.  - In 1810 he added Holland and north-east Germany to the empire.  - In 1808 he occupied much of Spain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In 1806, he brought the leading German rulers together in a union called the Confederation of the Rhine, with himself as their head.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The rule of the Bonapartes ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He shared his land among his family. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He made his brothers Kings of Holland, Westphalia and Spain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">His step-son became Viceroy of Italy and his brother-in-law King of Naples. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">His sisters were given the smaller Italian states to rule. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">They reformed laws that were out of date, got rid of feudal rights, took away land from the Church, and modernized the way their states were governed.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The costs of French rule ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The biggest losses were caused by Napoleon’s wars. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Every state under the Bonapartes’ rule had to provide troops for Napoleon’s armies. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">It wasn’t only the young men of these states who suffered from the wars. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The families they left behind also paid a heavy price. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Roughly half his spending on war from 1804 to 1814 was paid for by foreigners living under the Bonapartes’ rule. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">French soldiers lived off people’s lands. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 20pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Resistance and rebellion <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Hatred against the French was strongest in Spain, ruled by Joseph Bonaparte. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In 1808, Spaniards rebelled against the French and began a war of independence against them. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The Spanish painter Francisco Goya drew what he saw into a collection called The Disasters of War.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;"><span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 24pt; text-align: left;">The opposition to Napoleon <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Napoleon and Britain ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Defeating Britain soon became one of Napoleon’s highest priorities. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Between 1803 and 1805 he gathered a massive ‘Army of England’ in camps along the Channel coast, ready to invade Britain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">French needed control of the Channel. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Without it, the invasion fleet could be attacked by the British navy while it was at sea. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">British tricked Napoleon and it worked. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In August 1805 Napoleon decided to postpone the invasion of Britain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Austrian army was marching towards France. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon ordered the Army of England to leave the Channel coast to cut off the Austrians in central Europe. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The result was the Battle of Ulm on 20 October. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon won a great victory at Ulm but he didn’t invade Britain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Nelson’s fleet trapped Admiral Villeneuve’s fleet off the coast of Spain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">On 21 October 1805, only nine out of thirty-three French ships escaped unharmed.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The Continental System ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon tried a different kind of warfare against Britain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In 1806 he issued an order called the Berlin Decree, forbidding the states under his control to trade with Britain. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">French forces invaded Portugal in 1807 and occupied the capital, Lisbon. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Portugal and Spain rebelled against the French in 1808 and began a war of independence against them. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">British joined the fighting. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">For the next five years, they fought the French in the ‘Peninsular War’. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon called it, ‘Spanish Ucler’. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In 1810 the Tsar of Russia decided to leave the System because it was damaging Russia’s trade. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He opened his ports to British ships and allowed Russian merchants to trade normally with Britain.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The Russian Campaign ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon gathered a ‘Grand Army’ of 655,000 men and invaded Russia in the summer of 1812. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">After defeating them in the Battle of Borodino, Napoleon entered the capital, Moscow, in September 1812. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Two months later, his men were on the retreat. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The Grand army had been wiped out. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The Russians did all they could to stop the French from finding food. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">This led to immediate transport problems. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">They had few horses. Food and medicine ran short. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The weather, it was very cold.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The fall of Napoleon ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Britain joined together as allies in 1813 and soon drove the French out of central Europe. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">By 1814 the allies had driven the French right back into France. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In April 1814 Napoleon was forced to surrender. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon gave up his throne and the Allies set up a new government with Louis XVI’s brother at its head.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">Elba ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He was sent to Elba for exile on the island of Elba, off the coast of Italy. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">In March 1815, he secretly sailed from Elba and landed in southern France. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Louis fled while crowds cheered Napoleon all the way to Paris, where he set up his empire again.

<span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; word-break: keep-all;">**<span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">The ‘Hundred Days’ ** <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">His second empire only lasted for ninety-five days. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The leaders of Austria, Britain, Russia and Prussia put together six armies of almost a million men and set out to crush him. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He beat the Prussian army in Belgium on 16 June and then attacked the British army at Waterloo, in Belgium, on 18 June. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Napoleon fled from the battlefield and returned to Paris. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">The assembly wanted peace. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">Without the support of the leading politicians, Napoleon abdicated on 22 June. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He was sent to island of St Helena in South Atlantic where he can’t ever escape again. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> - <span style="font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt;">He spent the rest of his life in captivity. <span style="display: block; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 38pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; text-align: left; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric; text-indent: -18pt; word-break: keep-all;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 굴림; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left;">

The peace which Napoleon made in 1802 did not last. Britain, Russia and Austria formed another Coalition in 1805 and restarted heir war against France. Napoleon's rmies won that war and conquered half of Europe in the process. In the lands that they took, the French made great changes to the way they were organised and run. Many of the changes had longlasting and important results. Soon then many European allied and pushed Napoleon out. He then was kicked out of throne.
 * Summary**

1. How did the Italians rebelled when France had total control over them? 2. Why didn't Napoleon just make peace with other countries?, then he could have easily gaind more land and support from people.
 * Question**