Notes+part+2+amypx2013+10.19.2010

= Part 2: War and Revolution =

 Above is a picture of Vladimir Lenin. Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks who, although was exiled, came back to Russia to help organize a second revolution. He was a very influential historical character in the Russian Revolution.



Above is a flowchart illustrating the events that happened between 1914 and 1917 and how it started off with war against Germany and ended in a successful revolution against the Provisional Government by the Bolsheviks.

Chapter 7: Russia at War, 1914- 1917
 * Rs went to war in 1914 august
 * patriotic demonstrations in the country
 * hatred of Germany spread
 * Nic renamed St. Petersburg into Petrograd
 * end of august
 * Rs army was badly led and equipped
 * many without rifles and boots
 * Battles Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes : Rs armies got wiped out
 * only six weeks into war
 * Rs lost millions of ppl
 * economy
 * 1915 collapsing economy
 * lack of workers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">factories had to close down; empty fields for farmers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">transport problems- could not transport food with a lack of trains
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">food rotted in trains while people in towns starved
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">more factories closed- no coal trains
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">inflation- rs money worth less while food prices went up
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">"dark forces destroying the throne"
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Nic went to live at army headquarters, leaving Alexandra in charge of Petrograd
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">she was under influence of rasputin
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">from august 1915 to end of 1916, 16 months: she replaced ministers with ones rasputin favored
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">4 prime ministers, 5 ministers of the interior, 4 ministers of agriculture, 3 ministers of war and 2 ministers of foreign affairs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">because of this, government could not work well
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">food became impossible
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">rumors spread in petrograd
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Alexandra and Rasputin were German agents, working to destroy Russia from within
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">in december 1916 3 nobles loyal to the Tsar murdered Rasputin
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">People rejoiced when rasputin died
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">but this did not help the conditions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">new year, 1917, started off cold
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">frozen trains made food impossible for people.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">start of revolution

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 8: The Revolution of March 1917
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 1917- revolution that overthrew the Tsar
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 7, Wed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Putilov steel works were locked out from pay talks
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">went on strike (20,000 ppl)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 8 Thur
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">50 factories closed down; 90,000 workers on strike
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">International Women's Day- socialist women went on strike
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 9 Fri
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">200,000 workers on strike
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 10 Sat
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">250,000 workers on strike
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Cossacks refused to attack a wave of strikers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 11 Sun
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">president of Duma- Michael Rodzianko requested the Tsar to organize a new government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Tsar's response- stop duma meetings
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 12 Monday
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">mutiny in the morning- soldier shot his commander and they marched into Petrograd
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">troops that were sent to stop the mutiny ended up siding with mutineers
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Duma held meetings- set up a 12 men committee- Provisional Committee
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">to take over the gov
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">revolutionaries set up a Soviet to take over the gov
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">organise food supplies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 13 Tues
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Tsar told the duma that he would share power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">duma said- it was too late
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 14 Wed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Tsar lost his control over his army
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">tried to return to Petrograd from the army head quarters
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">stopped by the revolutionaries
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 15 Thurs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Tsar agreed to abandon his throne
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Alexis was too ill so he gave the crown to his brother Grand Duke Michael
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Grand Duke Michael feared that he would be unpopular
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">he abdicated his throne
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Rs was finally made republic.

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 9: The Provisional Government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">would govern Rs until elections are held
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">official government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">in Tauride Palace was the unofficial government- Petrograd Soviet
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">to protect working ppl and soldiers' interests
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">other soviets were set up and followed Petrograd Soviet's orders- gained power
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Order No.1
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Petrograd Soviet- soldiers and sailors must set up committees to take control of all arms, ammunition and equipment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">out of office soldiers- address officers as Mister Colonel, Mister General instead of Your Excellency
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">obeyed in all parts of the army
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">to show that the Petrograd Soviet controlled the army power
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Many were SRs and Mensheviks
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">for that time they were willing to cooperate with the Provisional Government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Lenin
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">was in exile
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">disagreed with the revolutionaries cooperating with the PG
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">wanted to organized a second revolution
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">German helped Lenin to get back to Russia because they knew he would cause trouble in Russia, which was beneficial to Germany
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Germany provided him with food, money, and special train
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">reached petrograd on April 16, 1917
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">April Theses
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">must be an end to the war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">land should be given to the peasants
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">banks be nationalized
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">bolsheviks change name to communists
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">no support to the PG
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">form a new government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Many bolsheviks thought time was not right
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">In June Rs made an attack on Austria
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">attack failed-soldiers retreated to Petrograd to demand for an end to the PG
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> July Days - 3 days of riots
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">16 and 17 of July Alexander Kerensky, the Minister of War of PG, sent troops to break up the mobs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">claimed that Lenin was paid by the Germans to make trouble
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Lenin fled to finland in exile again
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">other Bolsheviks heads were arrested
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Kornilov Revolt
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Kerensky became head of the PG
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">General Kornilov, commander in chief of the armies, believed that the PG should be run by himself
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">planned to take control of the PG so he could fight with Germany without interference
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Kerensky allows the Bolsheviks to set up the " red guards "
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">kornilov's troops refused to fight against them so kornilov got arrested
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">showed that bolsheviks were not working for Germany
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">viewed as heroes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">got majority in elections for the petrograd soviet in sept
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">oct 1917 the bolsheviks were powerful and were planning on a second revolution.

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Chapter 10: the Bolshevik Revolution of November 1917
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">State of Russia in Sept 1917
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Peasants killed landlords to divide up the land
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Kerensky attempted to send troops on expeditions to help stop the violence
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">But no one was willing to do the “dirty work” for him
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Affected harvest- problems with the winter and famine
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Soldiers ditched the army to go back and make sure they got land
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Bolsheviks encouraged soldiers to give up fighting
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Chaos in the army
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">November Revolution
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Oct 1917, Lenin returned from finland
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Said that revolution should begin immediately
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Chairman of the Bolsheviks, Leon Trotsky, drew up plans in the Smolny Institute - a disused school
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Kerensky could not stop him – army supported them
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Revolution started on the 6 of Nov- ended on 7 of Nov
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Stormed into the Winter Palace where the PG headquarters were
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> With a cruiser named Aurora
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> PG surrendered
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Bolsheviks gained control of Petrograd
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Lenin announced to set up a new government
 * <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> After one day of rebellion with only 18 people arrested and 2 people killed.

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Summary:

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">As Russia went to war, conditions became very bad for the people in Russia. Revolution broke about in March 1917 in which the Provisional Government was set up and the Tsar was forced to give up his throne. However, Lenin returned to Russia and led the Bolsheviks to stop their collaboration with the Provisional Government...the PG claimed that Lenin was working for the Germans. Later on, the Bolsheviks proved to be faithful to Russia and slowly gained power; Lenin returned in October 1917 to plan a second revolution.

<span style="color: #008080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Questions:

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">1. Explain how the war affected Russia in term of its
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">economy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">army
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">transport system
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">people

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">2. What forced the Tsar to give up his throne? <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">3. Why did the Germans help Lenin to get back to Russia? <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">4. What made the Provisional Government so vulnerable to the Bolsheviks' revolution in November 1917? <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">5. Explain the significant roles Lenin played in this revolution.