InNo+JuneShin+10.13.10

Part One- Russia Under The Tsar -The Ruissa was "robbed by the capitalists and landlords, and to prevent it from fighting them"- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

I. The Russian Empire In 1900 -Russia is big > //The Land and Climate// > //An Empire of Many People// II. The Government of Russia > //The Autocracy// > //Nicholas and Alexander// > >> The context shows his characteristic of weak, and less experienced and following his dad, uneducated but >> Alexandra, wife of Tsar encouraged Nicholas to rule autocracy III. Russian Society
 * The cold climate gave impact on indusltilization and commerce
 * The river, and the sea was froze that made impossible for trading purpose
 * The new railway, the Trans Siberian was built, but by 1900 only half was done
 * In 1900, Russia was ruled by Tsar, or emperor- Nicholas II, about 125 million lived under the Tsar
 * Most of the people were poles and Ukrainians who had been conquered by Tsar Nicholas ancestor, they had different custom and language, which result 6/10 was foreigner living in Russia
 * The population was not well seperated out, all the people was crowded in the land where they can farm, near Ural mountain and land of Siberia their were lack of population
 * The government didn't have parliament, cant block Tsar power
 * But he could not govern all 125 million, he employed civil Servant, organized in 14 rank.
 * Top, Table of Ranks-minister in charge of government department
 * Bottom,Minor official such as post office, custom inspector
 * Many Civil servant take bribe, due to low income
 * In order to prevent from challenging his power he have his secret police Okhrana known as proctective section
 * Controlled the books and media
 * Political tried by special courts without jury, usually end up with exile]
 * During famine, Okhrane can not control riot, Cossack control him which is Tasr mounted soldier
 * Russian Orthodox Church taught people to respect the autocracy and be loyal to Tsar, head of church was government minister

> //The Peasant// >> 1900 1/5 of Russian citizens of the Russian Empire was peasant most of them are farmer >> 1861 Alexander II allowed peasant to own their own land to farm but, >>> The land are not given to individual, but the village refer to mir >>> Peasant had to pay yearly instalment, called redemption payment, for 49 years >>> Only when a peasant pay 49 instalment own the land >> This surfdom didn't improve on the living conditions of them, each year the land was divided by the size of the family, due to the growing population the land plot got smaller and smaller >> The peasant faced trouble paying the redemption and feeding the family >> The trouble that faced farmer was malnutrition, only hoping for good harvest > //The Town Workers// >> Many peasants tried to improve their living by working in the mine or factories, and went back to the commune >> The capital, St.Petersburg was often overcrowded with workers >> These workers could not improve their living conditions, they could not make a trade union, impossible to riot > //The Rich// >> Russian nobles were usually substantially rich >> At the top their was Tsar Nicholas owning 8 places and 15,000 sevants >> Only 1% of the countries civilians were noble they owned 25% of Russian land >> They always made their money by owning money >> In 1900, the capitalists getting richer and richer by banking industry and trade >> The Minister of Finance made the capitalist able to earn huge profit IV Opponents of The Tsar - ﻿Most of Russian didn't go against, they believed that god had appointed the Tsar to rule, but some have rejected this and want to get rid of Tsar

> //Terrorism// >> March 1881 a bomb exploded beneath the carriage of Tsar Alexander II, and was bomb and he died, it was carried out by the group called "People's will", which was one of the small terrorist group aim to destroy autocracy >> It didn't put on end to autocracy, Alexander III gain the throne, and tried to wipe all the rebellions, but still exist > //The Socialist Revolutionary Party// >> It wanted the Russia to be given to mir, the village communes, so the peasant have power over bigger land, and taking the power from Tsar and other Noble >> To regulate this act, SR had fighting group known that organize all the terrorist campaign, these organization have killed 3 minister and many officials. >> They got the support of the peasant, who was behind paying the payment > //The Social Democratic Party// >> This group followed the ideas of Karl Marx, a German writer's idea of communism, the book predicted their will be a violent revolution which the working class will overthrow the capitalist and called sharing of wealth socialism >> The ideas were everyone is equal, working together for the good of other, share the income >> This group was set up in 1898, in 1903 they was separated as Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. >>> Bolsheviks-Believed they should be organized by small group of dedicated and skilled revolutions. Leader was Lenin >>> Mensheviks- Party should be a mass group, running democratically with election > //Liberals// >> People who owned property were liberals, wanted Tsar but to share power >> Wanted democratic system for government >> Alexander II made the plan of pariament, but he was killed and Alexander III have wiped the country V. The 1905 Revolution

> //War against Japan// > > //Bloody Sunday// > The 1905 Revolution VI. The Aftermath of The 1905 Revolution > The Dumas
 * In 1904, Russia went to war with Japan, fighting for the control of Korea and Manchuria
 * Tsar, agree to have a war that could win other people's support
 * Russia started the war by getting defeated, so the Tsar send the Balitic fleet, but in Battle of Tsushima it was sunk
 * The made him less popular, the countries was lack of food and many factories were closed
 * On sunday 22 Jan 1905, 200,000 workers and their family marched through the streets of St. Petersburg toward Tsar with the objective of improving their living condition and end the war with Japan, reform, shorter working days
 * The march was led by Father Gapon, priest
 * The police and the soldiers tried to stop them by open fiering, 500 were killed 1000 were injured
 * This event was known as Bloody Sunday, as the news spread more and more strikes and riot were happened
 * It technically started the revolution
 * In 1905 the crew of the battleship Potemkin over threw the officer and take control
 * It was a mutiny, they didn't had any plan but it was threatening Tsar Nicholas
 * In many areas peasant have rebelled, butchering their landlords and burning their Farm.
 * This time Pole and Georgian claims independence
 * The official strikes was began in 1905 september, all hospital and school were closed, Soviets, the council that ruled the town during strikes which became like an government
 * In 1905, October Tsar issued an document called the October Manifest, Russia could have Duma an elected Parliament, provide basic rights such as right of speech and form political group
 * Liberals was happy about the manifesto but two revolutionaries were not happy, but Russia send army to crush the Soviet
 * In 1906, Tsar crushed all the revolutions, band of thgs knowns as Black Hundred decided to take their own law
 * People who have joined the rebellion was put to death
 * From the rebellion Russia got Parliament and Duma and anti-government gained office
 * The Tsar issued a Fundamental laws at first Duma meeting
 * To the emperor of all the Russias belongs supreme autocratic power
 * The Tsar mentioned in his Laws that political power will not have real power
 * Every meeting Nicholas brake the troops
 * The second Duma contained Socialist Revolutionary and Social democratics
 * The third Duma, people that Nicholas want was elected since he change the law
 * The autocracy was continued and their was new Prime Minister to make sure get rid of revolution named Peter Stolypin

> The Stolypian Reforms
 * He believed in strict government, his first action was clamp down the terrorism, 1008 terrorist were arrested, by special military court, 21,000 were exiled to Siberia
 * He realized the brute force is not enough to stop the outbreak and peasant remained poor
 * The redemption payment was abolished and peasant become the owner of the land
 * Mir controlled the land, Stolypian expected peasant would make farm and getting bigger and bigger
 * This way peasant can be rich and keep the peace
 * Russia began to improve,industry grw and wages increased and the harvest were goods
 * His police agent have killed him since he was a terrorist

> Rasputin >>>>>> > > > > > >
 * Alexandra became involved with a strange peasant who claimed a holy man of god
 * Since they are religious and their son is sick they prayed every day
 * Two ladies of the court introduced a man with special power Gregory Efimovitch, he cured Alexis
 * But other's dislike him, named the name of Rasputin- many affair with girl
 * He is keep involving drunk, and raping nun he was disreputable.
 * Since Rasputin have good relation with Tsar, many people tend to know him, his influence have increased

Summary The first chapter of the textbook is providing background fact such as Russia have a cold climate which make it hard for agriculture and land was huge in size. Russia was governed by absolute autocracy, that Tsar Nicholas II didn't have to share any power with other. Most of the citizens were peasant who's living by farming and about 1% of civilians were rich. Many advocated the Tsar but their were three major who wanted to rebel for the new government were Socialist Revolutionary, Social Democracy and Liberal. Many rebels was crushed by soldier and police, the Revolution in 1905 was successful which made the Parliament and Dumas were allowed. However Dumas didn't have any power since Tsar made a fundamental law, and he pointed Peter Stolypin as a Prime Minister who made a huge change in agriculture and industrial field. Question
 * 1) What are the reasons for rebellion?
 * 2) The Russian government was governed under Tsar Nicholas II, what's form of ideology did he follow? and who was the government worked?
 * 3) Was the 1905 Rebellion successful, does Dumas worked out successfully?
 * 4) Russia had a war against Japan in 1905, what was the intension of Russia? (Not just controlling Korea)
 * 5) What were the Stolypians reform on the society, what was the similarities and different between his rule and Tsar's rule?

Awesomeness >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>>     The cartoon illustrates how the peasant of Russia decided to rebell against the Tsar, and what happened to Revolution of 1905, ended with the defeat of the peasant. From this rebellion full of blood gave the peasant right to speak, parliament and Dumas, which is the right to vote. This event was significance since Tsar is losing his power another leader will take over. >>>>>> >>>>>> This picture shows how Tsar Alexander II, was assassinated by the small terror group. This event was important part of Russian Revolution since this was the start of blood full rebellion.