InNo+samuelguo0801+1.17.2011

Picture 1: This is a map of Japan's invasion in to China and other neighboring countries that I found. The area that is in pink is Manchuria and is the area that was occupied by Japan as mentioned in this chapter.

Picture 2: This is a picture of the German air force that I found. This air force was made during the German re-armament and is called the Luftwaffe. Germany managed to manufacture 100,000 Luftwaffe planes in secret.



Picture 3: This is awesomeness I made using power point. This is a cartoon that illustrates the tension between Britain-France vs League of Nations. The League of Nations wants countries to reduce military forces but Britain and France don't want to because they need a large military to manage and govern their many colonies.

Questions: Summary People at first werwe hopeful that there would be a long period of peace. In 1929, there was the League of Nations to help uphold the peace. There were flaws though and the flaws came in to light when Japan took over Manchuria despite League of Nations' influences. International tension increased more when Germany re-armed its military and airforce and no one stopped them.
 * PART 1: AN UNEASY PEACE **
 * ** The "New Era": Hopes for peace in 1929 **
 * Locarno and the "New Era"
 * European statesmen held a conference in Swiss town of Locarno
 * Discussed problems not settled with the Great War
 * France and Germany still on bad terms
 * hostility deepened when French and Belgian armies occupied Germany's Ruhr Valley
 * Meetings resulted in the Locarno Treaties
 * Germany would never attack France and Belgium
 * Britian and Italy agreed to see that it was carried out
 * France promised to support Poland and Czechoslovakia even if Germany quarreled with them
 * Treaties removed suspicions between Germany and its neighbors
 * Friendship between nations
 * Many countries signed agreements with each other in 1929
 * Most important was the Kellogg-Briand Pact
 * Thought up by Foreign ministers of US and France
 * A way not to use war to settle disputes
 * July 1929, 65 have been part of the Kellogg-Briand Pact
 * USSR signed the Easter Pact
 * Agreeing not to use war to settle disputes with neighboring countries
 * The league of Nations
 * 1929, tenth anniversary of the League of nations
 * Countries that joined the League had to agree not to go to war with any other member of the League
 * Agreed they would join forces to defend a country under attack
 * Called collective security
 * Only three actions to really ensure peace
 * deal with the dispute with legal means
 * impose economic sanctions
 * members of the league would refuse to trade with them
 * impose military sanctions, fight off the attacker
 * Disarmament Commission
 * persuade member nations to reduce weapon stocks and rely on collective security
 * Limitations of the League
 * Not every nations belonged to the League
 * US was not part of it and followed a 'policy of isolation'
 * USSR was not part of it because commies saw it as capitalists who opposed communism
 * two major powers not part of it is a great weakness
 * some members lacked enthusiasm for the League
 * Germans thought the League was for all the victors of the Great War
 * Abilities never tested until 1929
 * in britian, 400K ppl showed their support by joining LoN Union
 * promote League's work
 * ** The Great Depression **
 * The Great Depression
 * October 1929 Wall street stocks fell to all time low
 * United States economy ruined
 * Great depression spread to other countries and millions of people lost their jobs
 * Governments implemented protectionism
 * increased the taxes on foreign goods to increase the demand for foreign goods
 * hope to create more jobs
 * in the long run it is harmful to international relationships
 * also caused social unrest
 * Many peasants and farmers starved because of record low crop prices
 * they blamed their own governments
 * started to support extreme anti-democratic governments
 * The problem of empires
 * world was divided into countries that owned large empires and those that did not
 * Britain and France owned the largest empires in 1929
 * ruled a third of the world
 * countries were jealous of them e.g. italy
 * being on the winning side they wanted german colonies
 * Britain and France used their colonies to avoid the worst of the Great Depression
 * other countries started to think about having more colonies to solve Great Depression
 * Having colonies caused problems for Britain and France
 * wants to govern themselves
 * had to keep large military forces there
 * this was expensive and could not support disarmament
 * ** Japan, Manchuria and the league, 1931-33 **
 * The attraction of Manchuria
 * Japan already had some colonies but it wanted Manchuria the most
 * 1931, Japan controlled most of Manchuria's econ
 * owned important mines, railways, factories, and ports
 * kept large army there to protect it
 * Depression starved millions of people and government is unable to help them
 * caused unrest
 * army talked about conquering other lands
 * thought that more colonies = out of depression
 * Japan invades Manchuria
 * Against orders, Japanese officers of Kwantung plotted military take-over
 * blew up a section of the railway and blamed it on Chinese
 * occupied Shenyang
 * Chinese asked LoN for help
 * ordered Japanese government to withdraw the troops
 * Japanese government agreed
 * Kwantung officers gone AWOL and took over Manchuria and named it Manchukuo
 * The League and Manchuria
 * Even though the League would usually use economic sanctions, they didnt want to because its economy was bad enough already
 * they also doubted they could even enforce the sanctions
 * Lytton commission produced a report and tried to satisfy China and Japan
 * Japanese leave Manchuria
 * Manchuria continue to be semi-independent, under chinese rule
 * Japan then left lon and took over Jehol province
 * this damaged the reputation of lon
 * two members went to war with each other
 * ** the Revival of Germany **
 * Hitlers foreign policy aims
 * Nazi party set up in 1919
 * They were upset because of the Treaty of Versailles
 * it was very harsh
 * blamed germany for starting WWI
 * prohibited germany to unite with Austria
 * places millions of germans under foreign rule
 * Hitler's aims and chancellor
 * tear up treay of versailles
 * unite all german speaking people
 * give germans lebensraum, living space
 * germans were too crowded
 * not enough raw materials and food
 * Re-armament
 * Germany had a very weak military
 * treaty of versailled dictated they could only have 100K men, no airforce, and a restricted navy
 * Hitler aimed in 1933 to increase army to 300K men
 * build 1000 aircrafts
 * build baracks, airfields, and fortifications
 * Later hitler withdrew from Lon
 * At first he re-armed in secret but at march 1935 he announced compulsory ilitry serice
 * reactions fo German re-armament
 * Germany was weak to start with
 * major powers could have stopped the re-armament
 * each country had their own problems
 * British had rebellions in its colonies
 * the french build fortifications on their border with Germany, called Maginot Line
 * 1) What were Hitler's three aims as Chancellor?
 * 2) Why were people hopeful that there would be a long lasing period of peace in 1929?
 * 3) Why was Japan so interested in Manchuria?
 * 4) What did the Great Depression have on the world?
 * 5) Why were countries werent able to or couldnt be bothered to stop Germany's re-armament?