InNo+mengxinw2013+09.08.10

Awesome Part

What major events led to the downfall of monarchy in France? (note: this is also a timeline of major events that led to the downfall of monarchy in France hehe two in one:D) Tennis Court Oath – 20 June, 1789 Storming of the Bastile – 14 July 1789 End to feudal rights and dues – 4 August 1789 End to hunting rights, tithes, corvee, rights of mill and oven – 5 August 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen – 26 August, 1789 Women March to Versailles – 5 October, 1789 Louis and family move to Tuileries – 6 October, 1789 Reforms of the National Assembly – 1789-91 Storming of the Tuileries – 10 August, 1792 De-throne of Louis – 21 September, 1792 Declaration of Republic of France – 21 September, 1792 Beheading of Louis – 21 January 1793



NOTES of Pg. 39 - 49

War
 * - 20 April 1792, French armies attacked Austrian bases, but Austrians were better organized, better equipped, and better led, easily beat off French attack
 * - Rumors flew that there was an “Austrian Committee” in the Tuileries Palace, passing military secrets to the Austrians
 * - Fears increased when Prussia joined forces with Austria in May
 * - NA ordered every soldier in Paris to the frontier, put watch on all foreigners
 * - Priests who refused to take oath of loyalty expelled from country
 * - Declared “Fatherland is in Danger” on July 11, appealed to citizens to volunteer for army
 * - These measures put Louis into difficult position, angered his opponents, 20000 broke into Tuileries
 * - Enemy commander, Duke of Brunswick, issued statement known as Brunswick Manifesto, threatening people of Paris with terrible punishments if Louis was harmed
 * - Brunswick Manifesto put Louis and family in great danger
 * - NA ordered weapons to be given to all citizens so that they could defend themselves
 * - People of Paris wanted to get rid of monarchy and set up a new kind of assembly in which they had power

Storming of Tuileries
 * - 10 August 1792, 20000 armed men and women marched to Tuileris, determined to de-throne Louis XVI
 * - helped by National Guards, broke into palace grounds
 * - Swiss Guards defended the king, but were outnumbered, 600 slautered; soon ransacked palace

Overthrow of Monarchy
 * - Tuileris led to end of monarchy
 * - Louis suspended from office, and imprisoned with his family
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- New assembly called Convention set up as country’s new law-making body
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- First action on 21 September 1792 was to de-throne Louis and declare France now a Republic
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Put Louis on trial for high treason, sentenced to death in public on 21 Jan. 1793

Sans Culottes
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- people who overthrew king called themselves sans culottes
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- working people of Paris, had many ideas in common and behaved in similar ways
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- hated nobles, men wore trousers instead of knee breeches (culottes) that nobles wore
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- refused to use any word that had noble connections like monsieur or madame, addressed each other as Citizen or Comrade
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- were Republicans, hated monarchy, thought power should belong to ordinary people
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- many renamed themselves or called their children after famous Republicans of the past, ex. William Tell
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- believed very strongly that everyone should have equal rights, like rights to vote
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- claimed the right to carry weapons and use them against their opponents
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- September 1792, broke into prisons of Paris and murdered around 1400 prisoners suspected of supporting the Austrians
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Readiness to use violence horrified foreigners

War Spreads
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- execution of Louis XVI outraged fellow monarchs
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- in January 1793, joined forces with Austria and Prussia in war against France, aiming to destroy the new French Republic
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- revolutionaries in France called all kings tyrants, and wants to spread revolution to rest of Europe
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- France declared war on Britain, Holland and Spain; at war with most of Europe
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- French commander, General Dumouriez, abandoned his men and went to Austrian side

Inflation and Shortages
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- major problem was high price of food
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- prices rising to pay for war
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- government printing huge amounts of paper money, but currency was suffering from inflation
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- soon, bank note was worth only half of amount printed on it
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- bread was expensive and scarce because farmers didn’t want to sell their grain for bank notes
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- hungry sans culottes began raiding shops and food stores to get food

Rebellion
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- to defend country, ordered extra 300,000 men to join armies, order was unpopular
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- in Vendee, thousands of peasants joined in an armed rebellion against the government
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- war led to conflict between two groups of politicians, Girondins, who held most of important posts in government, and Jacobins, supported by sans culottes
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- on june 2, angry crowd of sans culottes broke into Convention and expelled leading Girondins
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- triggered off a string of revolts in the provinces which supported the Girondins
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- summer 1793, majority of departments joined the rebellion against the government

Reign of Terror
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Convention set up emergency group called Committee of Public Safety, twelve member had the power to do anything necessary to save France
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Used this power to run France very strictly and to impose harsh punishments on opponents
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Known as the Reign of Terror

Law of Suspects
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- began in September 1793, with “Law of Suspects”
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- groups of citizens in every town had to draw up lists of people they suspected of opposing the government
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- anyone could fall under suspicion, law said suspects were people who, “by their behavior, their contacts, their words or their writing, showed themselves to be enemies of Liberty”
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- over quarter of million suspects were arrested and put in prison
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- many suspects sent to Paris for trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal, special court set up to deal with political offences, judges could impose sentences of imprisonment, deportation or death
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- half the sentences passed were death sentences

Guillotine
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- death sentences carried out by beheading prisoners with recently invented machine
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- named after Doctor Guillotin, who first suggested using it
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- meant to be quicker and less painful than the methods of execution used before the Revolution

Terror in the Provinces
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- C of PS took very strong measure to crush the revolts in the countryside
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Over a hundred Representatives of the Convention sent to provinces with instruction to do anything necessary to restore order
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- In Vendee, biggest revolt taking place, Jean-Baptiste Carrier was the Representative on Mission
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Guillotine proved too slow to execute captured rebels, had them drowned in boat-loads in the River Loire
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- 2000 died in drowning at Nantes
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Lyons, nearly 2000 rebels executed
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Prisoners lined up in front of open graves and blasted into them with cannon fire

Terror in Armies
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- August 1793, Convention ordered “Mass Levy” of French people
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Every citizen had to take active part in war effort
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Unmarried men had to join the armies to fight
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Married men made weapons for them
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Women made tents and served in hospitals
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Children made bandages and gunpowder
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Mass Levy increased French armies to 800,000 men, 3 times size of Europe Allianced armies
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Generals who did not win battles were replaced by younger officers who had proved their ability in action

Economic Terror
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Committee tried to halt rise in food prices with Law of the Maximum
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Prices of forty goods, such as corn, flour, firewood, and oil must stay fixed until further notice
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Breaking Maximum carried death penalty

Terror and the Church
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Terror led to disappearance of Christian religion in many parts of France
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Christianity was no more than “superstition,” sans culottes closed down churches, robbed them of their bells and silver, and sacked their priests
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Cult of Reason, based on revolutionary ideas such as Liberty took the place of Christianity
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Convention introduced a new calendar
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Years no longer counted from birth of Christ, but from September 1792, when Republic was founded
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- 1792-3 renamed Year One
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- months divided into ten-day weeks, Sunday was abolished

Results of the Terror
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- C of PS saved France from collapse
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- By mid 1794, French armies drove out their enemies
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Representatives on Mission had crushed all the revolts in the Provinces
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Committee managed to avoid famine
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Between 35,000 and 40,000 people had been executed or had died in filthy prisons
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Prices still rising
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Committee had became a kind of twelve-man dictatorship

Coup of Thermidor
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- by summer of 1794, Committee was very unpopular
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- deputies in Convention disliked it because it was too powerful
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- other disliked it because they feared ending up under guillotine
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- disliked it cause see no need for the Terror now that revolts were over
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- sans cullotes, their strongest supporters, unhappy because their wages held down by Maximum law, while prices were still rising
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Convention decided to get rid of Committee’s leading member, Robespierre, along with his supporters, 21 arrested and guillotines the following day, 96 executed day after
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Convention reduced power of committee, freed hundreds of suspects, abolished the Maximum and got rid of the Revolutionary Tribunal
 * <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">- Terror came to an end

Question:
 * 1) The ultimate goal of the French Revolution was democracy, then why was there a 12 people dictatorship towards the end of the Revolution?
 * 2) Was the National Assembly ended when the new assembly, Convention was created?
 * 3) Was it really Louis XVI ’s fault that the monarchy ended in France?
 * 4) If the Committee of Public Safety was not set up, would France have been defeated?

Summary War began on 20 April 1792, when France attacked Austrian bases across the frontier, however, Austrians were better organized, better equipped, and better led. France was easily beaten off. In paris, people believed that traitors passed military secrets to the Austrians. Prussia soon joined forces with Austria. The priests who refused to take an oath of loyalty were expelled from the country. On 11 July, it declared that “Fatherland is in Danger,” and encouraged all citizens to volunteer for the army. This put Louis into a difficult position, the enemy commander, Duke of Brunswick, issued a statement known as the Brunswick Manifesto, which threatened the people of Paris with terrible punishments if Louis was harmed in any way. This put Louis and family in greater danger. NA ordered weapons to be given to all citizens so that they could defend themselves. They wanted to get rid of monarchy and set up a new kind of assembly in which they had power. On 10 August 1792, 20,000 armed men and women ransacked the Tuileries, determined to de-throne Louis XVI. Louis was suspended from office, and imprisoned with his family. A new assembly called Convention was set up, and their first action was to dethrone Louis and declared France a Republic. People who overthrew the king called themselves sans culottes, the working people of Paris, and they hated nobles. They broke into prisons of Paris and murdered around 1,400 prisoners whom they suspected of supporting the Austrians during 1792. Execution of Louis XVI outraged his fellow monarchs. They soon joined forces with Austria and Prussia in their war against France. Their aim was to destroy the new French Republic. France was on the verge of defeat. During the war, there was severe food shortages and inflation. In Vendee, thousands of peasants joined in an armed rebellion against the government. War led conflict between two groups of politicians in the Convention: the Girondins, and the Jacobins. The Jacobins blamed Girondins for France’s defeat on the battlefield, therefore, an angry crowd of sans culottes, supporter of Jacobins, broke into the Convention and expelled the leading Girondins. This set off revolts in provinces which suppored the Girondins. The Convention set up an emergency group called the Committee of Public Safety, where the twelve members had the power to do anything they thought necessary to save France. The rules were so harsh that it was known as the “Reign of Terror.” Law of Suspects started the Terror, where groups of citizens in every town had to draw up lists of people they suspected of opposing the government. Over a quarter of a million suspects were arrested and put in prison. Many were sent to Paris for trial by the Revolutionary Tribunal, special court set up to deal with political offences, where around half of the suspects sentenced were sentenced death. Death sentences were carried out by beheading prisoners with a recently invented machine, known as guillotine. Over a hundred Representatives of the Convention were sent to the provinces with instructions to do anything necessary to restore order, in Vendee, over 4000 rebels were executed. In August 1793, the Convention ordered a Mass Levy, where every citizen, including children, had to take a part in the war effort. This increased French armies to 800,000 men, about three times the size of the Coalition’s armies. The Law of the Maximum was adopted, trying to stop the rise in food prices. The Convention claimed that Christianity was no more than superstition, therefore they were closed down, robbed, and the priests were sacked. Cult of Reason took place of Christianity, its based revolutionary ideas such as Liberty. The Committee of Public Safety saved France from collapse, after their enemies were driven out. However, 35,000 to 40,000 people were executed or died in prison during the Terror, while everyone’s rights and freedom have been severely limited. The Committee had became a twelve-man dictatorship, led by Robespierre. It became very unpopular, many deputies disliked it because it was too powerful, while fearing that they would end up under the guillotine, other disliked it because they saw no need for the Terror now that revolts were over and France won. After Robespierre and his supporters were guillotines, the Terror finally came to an end when the Committee’s power was reduced, hundreds of suspects freed, Maximum abolished, and Revolutionary Tribunal gotten rid of.