Notes+Part+2+The+War+Becomes+Global+1941-42+amypx2013.02.28.2011

= The War Becomes Global 1941-42 =

This is a cartoon representing the Nazi-Soviet Pact. Hitler and Stalin have their arms around each other and legs tied together, indicating that they are allies. The flowers on the sides also show that everything is very flowery and rosy. However, the gun behind Hitler and Stalin's backs indicate that the real truth is they hate each other; this was what happened in 1941 when Hitler eventually decided to invade the USSR and Stalin expected this fight, which prove that neither Hitler nor Stalin wanted to help each other from the start.

This is the Type VII U-boat used by the Germans during WWII. U-boats during WWII were superior to any other navy forces because of their ability to attack enemies from beneath the water and destroy them with torpedoes. The German U-boats were also well-equipped and weaponed. In the Battle of the Atlantic, the Allies took a hard time fighting against the German U-boats, but eventually turned the situation around by using radio signals, radar, long-ranged aircraft and decoding German orders; in May 1943 the Allies were able to destroy 41 out of the 60 U-boats from Germany.

 This is a "story of the Battle of the Atlantic". Before the US joined the war, German U-boats destroyed many British battle ships. After the US joined, many US warships were destroyed at the US east coast and in the Caribbean. The Allies were fist placed at a disadvantage in the war, but soon prepared themselves with new inventions such as the Huff Duff and the Enigma machine. Germany was nearly defeated in this battle.

 The Great Fatherland War
 * Germany and USSR:
 * the Nazi Soviet Part was not a pact of friendship
 * Hitler signed because he wanted USSR to keep neutral when he invades Poland
 * Stalin signed because he needed time to prepare the country for war
 * Barbarossa  (the invasion) began 22 June 1941
 * Stalin used 'scorched earth'  method - hiding or destroying all resources for the Germans
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">USSR was on the edge of defeat, but was saved
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">moved important weapons away, along with workers who make weapons and other important equipments
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">bad weather during invasion; it was raining during the final attack, and winter set in, freezing the mud; bitter cold
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">help from USA and Britain
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">US sent supplies to the USSR
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Britain shipped aircraft over
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">later signed treaties of collabortation
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">brutal actions of German troops strengthened Soviet People's will
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Nazi Special Action Groups <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> massacred communist party/soviet jews
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">partisans - resistance fighters

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">War Spreads to the Far East
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">USA and Japan
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Neutrality Law <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">1930s - isolated USA from other disputes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">therefore US army only ranked 39th in the world
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Japan was building its army and was 3rd most well equipped in world
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">US Isolation Ends
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">the neutrality law - allowed Britain to buy war supplies - <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">cash and carry basis <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> - had to pay in dollars and collect with their own ships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">March 1941 - <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> Lend-Lease Act <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">: USA provide guns, tanks, warships, planes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">US helped china by stopping to sell planes, chemicals and iron to Japan
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">When Japan invaded Indo-China, US cut off oil supplies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">asked Japan to hold peace talks with china
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Japan refused and held a surprise attack on the <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Pearl Harbor <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> sunday, 7 december 1941 and destroyed part of the US pacific fleet.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">US declared war on Japan
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Japan signed <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Tripartite Axis Pact <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> with Germany and Italy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Germany and Italy declared war on US, and US declared war on both; New Zealand, Canada, South Africa also joined war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">26 countries joined war against the Axis and signed the <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">United Nations Declaration <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> - to fight against the Axis
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">However Japan quickly conquered all of Southeast Asia
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">attacked Philippines, Guam, Midway, Wake islands
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">occupied Hong Kong, Singapore, Burma, Philippines
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">badly damaged US and Britain's forces in the region
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">had all the oil and resources they needed

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">War At Sea
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">River Plate <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> - dec 1939 british navy trapped Graf Spee (german)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">was the only major sea battle at the early stage of the war
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">May 1941 Germans decided to build powerful warships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">aim was to attack British convoys deep in the Atlantic
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">On 24 May the British was able to destroy Germany's valuable warship Bismarck
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Menace of the U-boats
 * <span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">U-boa <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">t (submarines) of Germany - could hunt ships from beneath the waves
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">were very powerful
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Germans also used French ports as bases for attacks on ships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">As protection from U-boats, ships travelled in convoys, guarded by Royal Navy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">However, by 1941 many British ships were still sunk that Churchill said a Battle of the Atlantic was taking place
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Battle of the Atlantic
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">After the US joined the war, German U-boats attacked both British and US ships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">during this time, the Allies benefited from new inventions
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Huff Duff - Hugh Frequency Direction Finding could detect radio signals
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">Enigma coding machine
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">However, the Allies still were losing the the battle in March 1943 when 40 U-boats attacked
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">May 1943 was the turning point
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> germans failed to cut Britain's supply lifelines across the ocean
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Allies were more prepared - used a combination of new escort boats, radar, Huff Duff, and long ranged aircraft
 * <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">destroyed 41 u-boats

<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Summary:

<span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">The Second World War soon spread into the world. Germany invaded Russia in 1941, but suffered from defeat from the bitter weather in Russia. Disputes started between the US and Japan; the US stopped trading with Japan in order to help China, but Japan bombed US's Pearl Harbor in response. The situation became more chaotic when Japan, Germany, and Italy signed the Tripartite Axis Pact and countries declared war on each other, with 26 more countries joining to war to fight against the Axis powers. War at sea also started, and the British was able to take advantage in these wars.

<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 120%;">Questions: <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">1.Why did Hitler and Stalin sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact when they hated each other? Did this pact help them to pursue their goals? Explain. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">2. What were some factors that saved Russia from the Germans? <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">3. Explain the Neutrality Law. <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">4. What caused WWII to become global with many countries involved? How is this similar to WWI? <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;">5. How were the US and Britain able to defeat Germany in the Battle of the Atlantic?