InNO+tinapx2013+3.9.10

The third estate || People who were disliked by the ministers. || 2. Many people wish to change the way France was ruled because it was unfair to the Peasants, which takes up the major percentage of the French population. The peasants, already poorer than everyone else still have to pay the most taxes. Added on to that, they still have to pay whenever they wish to use their landlord’s equipments.
 * Question 1  ||  Things that people disliked  ||  Kinds of people who disliked these things  ||
 * Society (6) ||  Everybody else had no privileges  ||  Everybody Else
 * Taxation (12) ||  People disliked Indirect Taxes  ||  People who could not be exempt from the tax.   ||
 * Feudal RIghs and Dues (13) ||  The peasants had to pay for everything they use  ||  The peasants. The feudal dues and rights were unfair towards them.   ||
 * Law (16) ||  The ways of punishment. You were put on a cartwheel and people beat you to death.   ||  The people facing this punishment, and the family of those.   ||
 * Government (20) ||  People disliked the fact that Marie Antoinette used so much money to make fun of the poor people.   ||  The people whoa are taxed, her workers, the poor people.   ||
 * Government (26) ||  The fact that not only is the king in power to use the “sealed letter”, but his ministers could use it to, for their own personal excuse.   ||  The people under the attack of the “Sealed Letters”.
 * Government (31) ||  Because the government was in so much debt, they had to start taxing the citizens more. And the citizens were not happy about that.   ||  The nobles and the Clergy. They did not wish to register with the government so they don’t have to pay a land tax.   ||

 · 3/9/10  · The nobles and clergy welcomed the King’s decision to call an Estates General. · They intended to use it to block his plans to tax them. · They thought they could do so because of the voting system used by the Estates General.  · The Estates General met whenever the king wanted to consult him, which was not often. · The last time it met was in 1614. · Then, it had been made up of around 750 members, about 250 from each of the three estates.  · They had met in three separate rooms and ,when they voted, each estate had just one vote.  · The third estate now complained that this voting system was unfair. · If used again in 1789, the nobles and clergy would be able to out-vote the third estate two to one. · They asked the king to double their numbers in the Estates General and to give each member one vote each.  · In December 1788 the king reluctantly agreed to the first of these demands.  · By now, his government was bankrupt. It could not pay all the interest it owned on its debts. · The new finance minister, Jacques Necker, advised him to double the third estate. · He hoped that the Estates General itself would decide to give every member one vote each, and then vote for new taxes.  · Mass hunger was another problem facing the government, growing in the countryside. · The crisis was caused by freak weather. · On 13 July 1788 a massive hailstorm had destroyed cornfields, vegetable plots, orhards and vineyards all over central France. · This was fallowed by a drought. · As a result, the harvest in 1788 was very poor.  · This would have been fine if the weather had gone back to its usual pattern.  · However, it did not. · The drought was followed by the coldest winter in living memory. · Rivers froze over, stopping watermills from grinding flour. · Blocked roads prevented food from reaching markets. · And when the snow suddenly thawed in the spring, floods ruined huge areas of farmland.  · The result of the awful weather was a sharp rise in the price of bread. · With many families spending all they had on bread, they stopped buying things like clothes, shoes, candles and fuel. · The factories that made these things lost business, and many workers lost their jobs. · Unemployment, added to hunger led to riots and strikes in many parts of the country.  · With hunger and unemployment spreading, elections for the Estates General were held in spring 1789.  · As well as electing deputies to speak for them, voters were aked to draw up lists of changes that they wanted the Estates General to discuss with the king. · Over 60000 of these “lists of complaints” were drawn up. They showed that millions of French people wanted major changes. · Drawing up the list of complaints created great excitement everywhere in France. · So when the Estates Genera finally met, millions of people had great expectations of it. · It seemed to many people that the king was interested in their problems and that he was going to take action to solve them.  · The first meeting of the Estates General took place on 5 May 1789.  · Over a thousand deputies met in the large hall in Versailles.  · After long speeches by the King and his chief ministers, the three estates were told to split up and carry on the meeting in separate halls. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · The third estate deputies were unhappy with this order. · By meeting in a separate hall, they could be outvoted by the clergy and nobility. · They said they would take part in the Estats General only if the nobles and clergy joined them in a single “National Assembly”. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · The nobles and clergy refused to do so. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · After weeks of argument about this, the third estate giave them an ultimatum. · If at the end of the week, the nobles and clergy had not joined them, they would start the work of the Estates General by themselves. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · This was an act of defiance against the king. · The third estate was refusing to work by his rules for the Estates General. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Louis angrily ordered a Royal Session of the Estates General. · He intended to warn the third estate not to defy him any further. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · Louis, however, was losing control of events at Versailles for, on 19 June, the clergy decided to join the third Estate. <span style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .25in; text-indent: -.25in;"> · The following morning, the third estate deputies arrived at palace to welcome the clergy into their meeting hall. · They arrived to find its doors locked and guarded by soldiers. · Inside, workmen were preparing it for the King’s Royal Session. · This angered and excited the deputies of the third estate. · They feared that Louis was going to break up their assembly by force. · With rain falling, they took shelter in the nearest empty building they could find, a tennis court less than two minute away. · Packed inside the court, the took an oath to carry on meeting until they had changed the way France was governed. · The dramatic oath tied to deputies together in a common cause. · So when the king held his Royal Sessions on 23 June, and ordered them to meet in their separate estates, they refused to move. · Louis could have ordered his soldiers to make them leave. · But faced with such determination, he gave in to them. · On 27 June he ordered the nobles and clergy to join them in a single assembly. · Thus the National Assembly became France’s legal parliament. · To many people at the time, these events seemed like a revolution. · However, this “revolution” was far from complete. In fact, it had only just begun. <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Summary: The Estates Generals were elected, and the Nobles and Clergy liked the idea because maybe it would stop the new taxation. However, when the meetings started, the peasants thought it was unfair because obviously the nobles and clergy were gonna vote for the same thing, so the final vote would be two to one. and the third estate stated that they would not participate in the general assembly if the three estates do no discuss this together. the king had no choice but to agree to this. this was led to be the first Parliament. added on to the bankruptcy of the government, it was also facing countrywide hunger issues. due to bad weather, the crops were bad and the bread prices have been rising increasingly. this led to that most poor family spend all their money on bread, and cannot buy clothes and shoes etc.. this led to that all factories were jobless. so people were poor and and hungary. they were angry >:(

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Question: What happen to Marie Antoinette?