InNo+andylin1212+10.13.10

[[image:nicolas-ii.jpg width="278" height="356" caption="Picture of Nicholas II"]]
"Emperor Nicholas II « Rusmedia – the Infochannel of Euro-Rus." // Rusmedia – the Infochannel of Euro-Rus //. Web. 14 Oct. 2010. . This is a picture of Tsar Nicholas II. This is connected to what we are studying since well, we are studying this man. He looks calm in this picture and just by looking at this picture and his title, the Tsar, we might think that he is a good man. [] This is an link which has more explanation and introduction of Stolypin. This is a bone map of the 1905 revolution. It shows the main points of the revolution that broke out in 1905.

Chapter 1: The Russian Empire in 1900
Russia is really big **The land and the Climate** **Most Land useless in Russia** **Cold Climate affected Russia's industry and commerce** **An empire of many peoples** **1900 Russia was great empire** **People were not spread evenly**
 * mountains on southern border blocks enemies and warm wind
 * cold wind, land useless of farming
 * 1900 only 5 percent useful for farming
 * Arctic circle, frozen with thick ice all year
 * rivers frozen in winter, water trade only in spring
 * new railway, the Trans-Siberian allow trade all year round
 * 1900, still half built
 * ruled by Tsar (emperor) Nicholas II
 * 125 million people <1/2 russians
 * others were people that were conquered by Nicholas II's ancestors
 * all have own language, customs, and way of life
 * thin population in the cold areas
 * 5 percent farm land loaded with people

Chapter 2: The Government of Russia
**The Autocracy** **Nicholas II was an autocrat** **Nicholas couldn't govern all 125 million people alone** **Nicholas wanted no oppositions** **When there were famine, Okhrana couldnt do the job** **Church help to maintain the authority of Tsar** **Nicholas and Alexandra** Nicholas did not want to be a Tsar and find it really boring **Nicholas's German wife, Alexandra** **Nicholas and Alexandra was happily married** Alexandra prayed for hours for recovery, and made people who knew swear an oath of secrecy
 * monarch, no power shared
 * civil servant system, 14 ranks
 * help collect taxes, made sure Nicholas II decision carried out
 * underpaid for work, so many took bribe
 * secret police force, Okhrana
 * censored all books and newspapers
 * arrested people who criticized the government
 * special courts without juries, usually exiled
 * Cossacks came to rescue
 * fierce mounted soldiers armed with sabres who breaking up mobs by butchering people who did not run away fast enough
 * priests in the Russian Orthodox Church taught people to be loyal to tsar
 * head of church is government minister
 * government had control over the minds and souls of manny Russian churchgoers
 * strong willed
 * encourage Nicholas to be an autocrat
 * 5 children in 10 years
 * 5th a boy, but has blood disease that cant be cured

Chapter 3: Russian Society
**The peasants** 1900 4/5 were peasants Until 1861, peasants were serfs, slaves of landlords **Alexander II, Nicholas II grandfather freed serfdom** **Free of serfdom did not change peasants lives** **The Town Workers** peasants try to improve their lives by going to work in nearest town work in factories or mine until harvest time **1900 Largest city is capital St. Petersburg** **The Rich** Russian nobles are extremely rich Tsar Nicholas, head of nobility, owned 8 palaces and 15000 servants **Nobles** **By 1900**
 * peasants food was given to village commune, or mir
 * peasants have to pay for the land
 * next 49 years, a peasant paid all 49 installments would the land become theirs
 * bigger family got bigger land each year
 * 1861-1900, land halved
 * harder to support family
 * 1/2 of new born baby died before age of 5
 * Average life expectancy was 50 years
 * diseases were common
 * nearly a million came in search of job
 * employers could easily replace troublesome workers, long line for jobs
 * 1 % population
 * owned 25 % of land
 * a new class became rich, the capitalist
 * made money from banking, industry and trade
 * Minister of Finance gave them loans to build factories, cut taxes
 * made them easier to gain money
 * easy profits, no condition improvement for workers
 * Hatred of Capitalist grew in boarding houses of Russia

Chapter 4: Opponents of the Tsar
**Many people believe that God appointed everyone to where they are** **Terrorism** **March 1881 bomb exploded beneath carriage of Tsar Alexander II** **The Socialist Revolutionary Party** **they want all land to be for the mirs, less land for the Tsar, nobles and church** **The Social Democracy Party** followed ideas of Karl Marx **Marx predict working class would have a violent revolution against capitalist** People would work as a group, not individuals, is what they thought **Social Democratic Party** Bolsheviks believe that skill revolutionaries should be their leader Mensheviks thought they should vote for the leader, democratic Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (leader of Bol) argue that Men would take too long Men leader said Bol revolution would fail. **1903- three important revolutionary groups** **Liberals** supported Tsar, but wants him to share power wanted parliament, but Alexander III does not
 * some people refuse to accept that
 * they want to get rid of Tsar and make big changes
 * He got out unhurt, but young men through a snowball on him and exploded
 * he bled to death
 * People's Will were the terrorist group
 * did not destroy autocracy, made Alexander III and Nicholas II more determined
 * 1900, still three important groups of opponents in existence
 * SR had a fighting organization to organize terrorist campaigns
 * 1900-05 killed many govt. officials
 * support of peasants
 * take away factories.. etc.
 * he called sharing of wealth socialism
 * set up in 1898
 * 1903 split into 2 groups, the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks
 * 1) Socialist Revolutionaries
 * 2) Bolsheviks
 * 3) Mensheviks

Chapter 5: The 1905 Revolution
**War against Japan** **1904 fought Japan for Korea and Manchuria** War made Nicholas in weaker position, and put working people's condition worse than before **Bloody Sunday** **Sunday 22 Jan. 1905** **The 1905 Revolution** **June 1905 crew of battleship Potemkin through officer off board and took control of ship** showed Nicholas that he could not trust his armed forces many places peasants rebelled too **September 1905 strike begins** **October 1905, Nicholas issued October Manifsto** **Liberals were delighted, Revolutionary parties dont trust Nicholas** Early months 1906 Tsar crushed all revolution **bands of thugs known as Black Hundreds organized massacred of revolution** **March 1906 Revolution over** **when Dumas met for first time, Nicholas issued a set of Fundamental Laws**
 * Tsar Nicholas thought quick win would make him popular
 * Battle of Tsushima, Russia defeat after defeat
 * crowd of 200000 workers marched through the streets of Tsar's winter Palace
 * aim was to ask for better working and living conditions
 * Marches were led by Father Gapon
 * soldier opened fire, 500 marchers killed
 * News of massacre spread in Russia, riots everywhere
 * hundreds of government officials were murdered
 * failed and gave themselves in few weeks
 * All over Russia, factories, offices, schools close down
 * strikers set up councils called soviets
 * soviets became alternative form of govt.
 * said Russia could have a Duma, an elected parliament
 * allow Russians basic rights
 * December, 15 members of St Petersburg soviet arrested
 * army was sent to crush Soviet
 * thousands died on streets
 * people were killed in bloodbaths
 * elections of Duma held in March
 * all russia belongs to supreme autocratic power
 * Russia still in autocracy

Chapter 6: The Aftermath of the 1905 Revolution
**The Dumas** Russia's first Duma lasted for 75 days **second duma elected in 1907** **3rd Duma met in 1907** 1906, he appointed a new, tough Prime Minister to make sure there were no more revolution His name was Peter Stolypin **The Stolypin Reforms** believe in strict govt. first action, clamp down terrorism **1906 1008 arrested, and executed** **Stolypin help peasants become owners of their own land** Conditions improved 1911, one of his police agents investigating terrorism turned out to be a terrorist, he shot Stolypin dead. **Rasputin** Stolypin was prime minister, Nicholas and his wife Alexandra involve with man who claim to be a Starets- holy man of God. They were introduced to Gregory Efimovitch, who claims he has a power to heal Alexis internal bleed, Gregory prayed for him and he fully recovered He was then the most trusted members of their court **Years before, people in Siberia gave him a nickname called Rasputin, the disreputable one** **In court, he proved to be more than disreputable** Nicholas and Alexandra continue to trust him **After death of Stolypin, Rasputin influence increased** **Hatred of him grew**
 * contained not only liberals, but also Socialists Revolutionaries and Social Democrats
 * broke up second Duma after three months
 * lasted 5 years
 * Nicholas changed the voting laws so revolutionaries were not elected
 * conservative politicians who did what nicholas wanted
 * 21000 people were exiled to Siberia
 * terrorism not a threat anymore
 * redemption payments abolished
 * mirs control land abolished
 * he thought land would help peasants grow rich and no more revolution
 * he drank heavily and had affairs with local woman
 * wild orgies
 * spent much of his time drunk
 * raped a nun
 * gave political advice to Alexandra
 * politicians find it easier to get promotion if friends with Rasputin
 * businessmen who entertained him gets govt. contracts easier
 * rumors were that he was having affair with Alexandra
 * discussed by Duma
 * all Russia knew about his corruption except for Alexandra and Nicholas

Summary
Nicholas was the Tsar of Russia and he governed the country under autocracy. Russian Society consists of peasants, town workers and the rich; the rich was extremely rich and town workers extremely poor. Three of the most important revolutionary groups in Russia, Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries, started the 1905 revolution but did not work. One thing happened was the Dumas were created, Stolypin started reforms, and Russia is still an autocracy with the King taking advice from a slouch.

Question
1. Why were there people that are not Russians in Russia that has really bad climate? 2. How did the Russian Orthodox Church influence the russian people's thought of autocracy? 3. Explain redemption payments and how it affects the land of the peasants? 4. What are the three most important revolutionary party? (brief summary of all) 5. Why did Rasputin have a bad reputation?