France+before+the+Revolution+II

=** France before the Revolution II **=

This is a slideshow I created using Keynote. However, after exporting it to a quicktime movie, it took up too much space so I can't upload it here. Instead, I have uploaded it to Youku. Here is a[| link] to the page. I have cited every picture in this presentation (there are 22 of them

 Works Cited Austrian Flag. Digital image. //Tux.Ly/Blog//. WordPress, 27 Jan. 2009. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . //Business Man Giving Thumbs Down//. Photograph. //Thumbs-down to IPM//. Flora.org, 10 May 2010. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Callet, Antoine-Francois. //King Louis XVI//. 1788. Oil on Canvas. //File:LOUIS XVI.jpg//. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 2 June 2006. Web. 27 Aug. 2010. . Dagoty, Jean-Baptiste Gautier. //Marie-Antoinette//. //File:Marie-Antoinette; Koningin Der Fransen.jpg//. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 9 May 2006. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . //Dead Roses II//. Photograph. //Fotographie by Brad McKay//. Brad McKay, 16 Apr. 2009. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Deschamps, Julien. //Marie-Antoinette's Estate : Petit Trianon//. 2007. Photograph. Paris, France. //Paris-photos.org//. 24 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Deschamps, Julien. //Queen's House//. 2007. Photograph. Paris, France. //Paris-photos.org//. 24 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Deschamps, Julien. //The Mill//. 2007. Photograph. Paris, France. //Paris-photos.org//. 24 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Deschamps, Julien. //The Park//. 2007. Photograph. Paris, France. //Paris-photos.org//. 24 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Deschamps, Julien. //The Pond//. 2007. Photograph. Paris, France. //Paris-photos.org//. 24 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Deschamps, Julien. //The Vineyard//. 2007. Photograph. Paris, France. //Paris-photos.org//. 24 Feb. 2007. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . Dupre, Julien. //Peasant Woman with Cows and Sheep//. 1851-1910. Oil on Canvas. //Scanopia : 13,000+ Art Scans//. Sanjeev.NET, 27 Aug. 2010. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . French King Charles VI commissioning a member of his court, Pierre Salmon to write a text. Digital image. //Medieval Guilds and Craft Production//. Employees.oneonta.edu. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . //Jesus Knocking the Door//. Digital image. //Jesus-knocking-the-door//. Christians-art.com. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. . A little businessman heaving a pack of "taxes". Digital image. //Will The Property Taxes Go Up or Down When I Buy?// Prudential: Northwest Properties, 9 Sept. 2008. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://www.centraloregonbuzz.com/blog/will-the-property-taxes-go-up-or-down-when-i-buy>. //Marie Antoinette Amusement at Versailles.// Photograph. //Wikimedia.org//. Wikimedia. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Marie_Antoinette_amusement_at_Versailles.JPG>. Nain, Louis Na. //The French Peasantry//. Digital image. //Historical Boy's Clothing//. 8 Aug. 2001. Web. 26 Aug. 2010. <http://histclo.com/country/fran/demo/frd-peas.html>. Popular penguins. Digital image. //SodaHead//. 18 Jan. 2009. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://www.sodahead.com/fun/20010_/blog-37530/>. Rothan, Alasdais. //Angry//. Digital image. //Angry//. Flickr.com, 5 Dec. 2006. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://www.flickr.com/photos/bixentro/332603861/>. //Send Your Debt Packing//. Digital image. //"Life Is Better When You Don't Owe Other People Money"// Turning Your Debt Into Wealth.com, 2010. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://www.turningyourdebtintowealth.com/>. //Traditional Jewelry//. Digital image. //Jewelry Blog//. Bandoni Media, 11 Feb. 2008. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://jewelleryblog.co.uk/2008/02/11/traditional-jewelry/>. Vigée-Lebrun, Élisabeth. //Maria Antonietta Con Una Rosa//. 1755–1842. //File:Marie Antoinette Adult4.jpg//. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, 20 May 2010. Web. 28 Aug. 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marie_Antoinette_Adult4.jpg>. ) and each of them were chosen carefully to match the information I was giving. The soundtrack was also specially selected, a piece named Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso for Violin and Orchestra, Op.28 by Camille Saint-Saens, a legendary French composer. It was written after the French Revolution for a virtuoso violinist, Sarasate.

The government of France
o Used to be popular with wife, Marie Antoinette (Austrian, married 1770), but lost popularity, esp wife
 * · Governed by King Louis the Sixteenth -->** absolute monarch ** (no one else had power, as opposed to the British King)

o home of king + nobles
 * · **Versailles**: an 18-km, thousand room palace outside Paris (gov. HQ),

o ran affairs of the nation

Marie Antoinette
o foreign "Austrian woman"
 * · disliked her because:

o spent lots of money on clothes, jewellery, gambling o had favorites at court o thought she was unfaithful to Louis o evidence: § had her own palace (**Petit Trianon**) § spent money on huge gardens around her palace (village – cottages, barn, stables, dairy) · spent lots of money to make the village look poor and rundown · people disliked because the money could be used to help families living 20-30 miles round · HOWEVER: o 12 poor families were able to live in these cottages o attempts were made in the farm to improve agriculture o brought in 6,000 livres a year

Use and abuse of power
o Use of ** sealed letters ** ” --> royal warrant ordering imprisonment/exile of a person
 * · People believed king had too much power

§ Hated how the king could keep people as long as he liked. § Hated how ministers could use them too (often on people the king did not even know) § 14,000 letters issued in reign § **used to IMPOSE AUTHORITY** § could do whatever/whenever/wherever he liked § accused King of being “**//despot//**” (18th century: dictator, tyrant)

Royal debt
o Deeply in debt, one of largest countries

o **Nearly 100 years’ of debt** o Spent more than received in taxes o 1786: Calonne (gov min in charge of finances) informed King that they were almost bankrupt § income: 417.6 million livres, spending: 633.1 million livres ** § must either increase taxes, reduce spending, borrow money **

Attempt at reform
o Only way: RAISE TAXES

§ Biggest change: TAX ON LAND · Nobles and clergy would try to evade this · All new laws registered by Paris ** Parlement **, delay new tax coming into effect · King invited 150 nobles + clergymen (Assembly of Notables) --> paris to discuss new tax. They refused to agree to the new tax, because only ** Estates General ** (national parliament elected by three states) · Dismissed assembly, tried to introduce new tax without approval. Nobles refused too · Louis got angry, **exiled entire Parlement from Paris** · Resulted in violent rebellions o Six months o 1788: Louis surrendered, ordered elections to be held for Estates General (May 1, 1789)

<span style="line-height: 25.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">** SUMMARY **<span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> Before the French Revolution, France was governed by the absolute monarch King Louis the XVI and his Austrian wife, Marie Antoinette. They lived in the Palace of Versailles where they ran the affairs of the country. <span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> The people originally adored their king and queen, however the two leaders quickly began to lose popularity. They despised the queen for her different ethnicity, for being unfaithful to Louis, for having favorites at court, and for her frivolous spending on clothes and luxury, especially the Petite Trianon and the huge gardens and village she built beside it for her own entertainment. However the village was also rented out for poor families, and with commercial lines it brought in huge profits each year. <span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> The French people disliked their king because they believed that he had too much power. They especially hated the "sealed letters" he was in control of, and the fact that he could execute/exile/imprison anyone for as long as he liked. They abhorred how the ministers could use them too. As these letters were moreover used to impose authority than anything else, the townsfolk started accusing King Louis for being a tyrant. <span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"> To worsen the situation, France was greatly in debt (having acquired 100 years' of it). The only way to solve this situation was by raising taxes, which resulted in the land tax that King Louis tried to imposed on his people. Because he knew that if he had to get the Paris Parlement to register this new law, it would take longer, so he held an Assembly of Notables and tried to get the 150 nobles/clergymen to agree to the new tax. However, they refused, and the assembly was dismissed. When the nobles refused to sign too, Louis got mad and exiled the entire Parlement from Paris, thereby imposing the tax on his people himself. This caused violent rebellions to occur, to which after six months, Louis gave in and ordered elections to be held for Estates General in May 1789. <span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 19.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";"> <span style="line-height: 25.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">** QUESTIONS **<span style="color: #e55a23; font-family: "Hobo Std"; font-size: 17.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Hobo Std";">
 * <span style="color: #9a1b17; font-family: Optima,helvetica,sans-serif;">Why did not the King consult the Estates General earlier? Was he afraid that the parliament's final decision would conflict with his? Or was he afraid that by the time he was done proposing to the Estates General, it would have been too late to recover his financial losses?
 * <span style="color: #9a1b17; font-family: Optima,helvetica,sans-serif;">The Petite Trianon was a symbol, to many French peasants, of the Queen's over-frivolous spending. When the French Revolution started, did not the peasants try to ruin this part of the Queen's estate?