InNo+hyundoj2013+1.12.11+(Part+1+Page+1-10+Notes)

Part One HyunDo Jun

=__Awesomeness__= //**=> this is a diagram that I made. I explained how the league of nations worked, and what policies they had. The League of Nations promised not to go to war with others, and if a member attacks another, they promised to defend the attacked one.**// <-This is a picture of Adolf Hitler. Hitler became Chancellor in 1933. Hitler and the Nazis had strong views about Germany's place in the world. <-This Picture includes Gustav Stresemann, Germany's Foreign Minister at Locarno, signing the Locarno Treaty in 1925. The Locarno Treaties removed many of the suspicions between Germany and her neighbors.

=__Part 1 Notes__=

An Uneasy Peace, 1929-35
-Nearly every village, town and city has its own memorial or list of the dead. -Their memorials were meant to speak of the horrors of a war in which more than six million soldiers were killed. -Between 1939 and 1945, the Second World War devastated many parts of the globe and killed more than fifty million people.

=__1. The 'New Era': Hopes for peace in 1929__= -Many people believed that the world was entering a long period of peace in 1929. They had several reasons to be so hopeful.

Locarno and the 'New Era'
-Hopes for lasting world peace had first been raised in 1925, when leading European statesmen met for a conference in the Swiss town of Locarno. -The most difficult problem facing them was the fact that Germany and France were still on bad terms after fighting each other in the Great War. -The result of the conference at Locarno was a group of agreements known as the Locarno Treaties. -The first of these was between France, Germany and Belgium, agreeing to respect each other's borders. -Germany would never attack France and Belgium would never use force against Germany as they had done in 1923. Britain and Italy agreed to make sure the terms were not broken. -The Locarno Treaties removed many of the suspicions between Germany and her neighbors. - Gustav Stresemann was the Germany's Foreign Minister at Locarno.

Friendship between nations
-The most important thing was the Kellogg-Briand Pact. -It was an agreement thought up by the Foreign Ministers of the United States and France.

The League of Nations
- The League of Nations was created in 1919 by the peace treaties which ended the Great War. -It had two aims: to keep peace between nations and to make the world a better place for all people. -To help achieve the aim of keeping world peace, countries which joined the League had to sign a promise not to go to war with any other member of the League. -They also agreed that if any member did attack another, the other members would join forces to defend the country which was under attack. - Collective security was the rules stated that they would do anything to maintain the peace.

The limitations of the League
-Although the League achieved much in its first ten years, even its supporters admitted that it had some serious limitations. -USSR acclaimed that communist leaders saw League of Nations as a club of 'capitalists' opposing communism. -Despite its limitations, League of Nations was an established feature of the world.

=__2. The Great Depression__=

The Great Depression
-1929 saw the start of a breakdown in the world economy-the Great Depression of 1929-33. - Protectionism was to aim to boost the demand for goods made in their own countries by keeping out foreign goods. -The second way in which the Depression affected world peace was by causing unrest among the people of many countries. -Social unrest was the result of mass unemployment.

The problem of empires
-The Great Depression added to a problem that was already a threat to world peace in 1929. -It was the division of the world into powers which owned large empires and those which did not. -Some countries envied the French and British empires and wanted to enlarge their own. -Depression increased the resentment of Italy, Japan and Germany. -Native people were demanding the right to govern themselves. -Britain and France wanted to keep a large army in the colonies, and it also led to many violent clashes.

=__3. Japan, Manchuria and the League, 1931-33__= -The Chief British representative of League of Nations thought the world was entering a new era of peace. -Viscount Cecil was the chief British representative to the League of Nations. -Viscount Cecil was very intelligent and he was a well-informed statesmen but he was proven wrong within a week. -Japan decided to invade Manchuria.

The attraction of Manchuria
-First of all, Japan was interested in Manchuria the most than all other newly gained colonies. -By 1931 the Japanese controlled most of Manchuria's economy. -The Great Depression which started in 1929 ruined Japan's trade, closed half her factories and reduced millions of peasants to starvation level. -When the Japanese government proved unable to help them, there was widespread unrest among the people.

Japan invades Manchuria
-On September 18th in 1931, Japanese soldiers blew up a section of the railway at Shenyang. -China immediately asked the League of Nations for help. -The League of Nations's first response was to order the Japanese government to withdraw its troops. -Finally, Japanese delegate to the League agreed to this demand and claimed that the invasion had been the work of 'some military hot-heads'.

The League and Manchuria
-No member of the League wanted to use sanctions against Japan. -The Depression already damaged trade and nobody wanted to damage it further. -Commission of Enquiry was sent to Manchuria to investigate the crisis. -The Affair damaged the reputation of the League of Nations.

=__4. The Revival of Germany, 1933-35__= -The extreme right-wing Nazi Party massively increased its share of the vote. -Adolf hitler was voted to become a Chancellor of Germany in January 1933.

Hitler's foreign policy aims
-Hitler and the Nazis had strong views about Germany's place in the world. -The Nazi Party was set up in 1919 shortly after Germany's defeat in the Great War. -They all refused to believe that German army had been beaten. -In July 1919, the Allies forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles. -Hitler aimed to give Germans 'lebensraum ', or 'living space'.

Re-armament
-None of Hitler's aims could be achieved without large armed forces. -At a secret meeting early in 1933 Hitler announced to the army generals a plan to increase the armed forces. -The army was to be trebled in size to 300,000 men. -For the next two years the German armed forces re-armed in secret. -By march 1935, new air force Luftwaffe had 2500 aircraft and the army had 300,000 men.

Reactions to German re-armament
-When Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, Germany was crippled by the Great Depression, its armed forces were weak and the country was in political turmoil. -French were unwilling to halt the re-armament by force. -Italy tried when Nazis in Austria tried to overthrow the Austrian government and killing the Chancellor, people thought Hitler would unite Austria with Germany. -Hitler's announcement of compulsory military service alarmed the other European countries. -Manchuria and Germany showed the world that they were not ready for international law.

=__Summary__= -Before, many people believed that the world was entering a new era of long-term peace but they were all wrong. In Part 1, it shows that the Great Depression caused issues between countries and lowered the relationship.The Manchuria Incident and Germany's Re-armament led by Japan and Hitler proved League of Nations too weak to solve big issues. In my own opinion, I think League of Nation seemed to be able to solve small problems but there weren't any big problems involving big countries to prove League of Nations useful.

=__Questions__= 1. Was the League of Nations successful? 2. Was the Treaty of Versailles successful in general? 3. Why did Clemenceau want Germany to pay Wilson's idea of a fair peace? 4. What is collective security? 5. What are the three major aims in Hitler's foreign policy?

=__Citations__= 1. [] 2. []