InNo+hyejijun94+09.14.10

AWESOME STUFF:
*This is the chart showing the changes made by the Bonaparte family in the states they were governing.

*Battle of Ulm (October 20, 1805).

*The empire of Napoleon during 1810.

*The portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte.

NOTES:
**Revolution in France pg 67-79**
 * 1805, another Coalition (Britain, Russia, and Austria) was formed and declared war against France
 * Napoleon's armies won the war and conquered half of Europe
 * French made many changes that lasted long

**Napoleon conquers Europe**
 * 1805, Napoleon defeated the Austrian armies
 * 1806, Napoleon defeated the Prussians
 * 1807, Napoleon beat the Russians
 * Three major enemies were beaten by Napoleon
 * 1809, Napoleon took the Illyrian provinces and the Papal States
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">1810, Holland and north-east Germany were added to his empire
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">1808, he occupied most of Spain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Small German states joined their lands
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">1806, he brought the leading German rulers together in a union (Confederation of the Rhine)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">This union formed a barrier between France and its enemies (Austrian and Prussia)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The rule of the Bonapartes**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Napoleon gave the some of the lands to his family to govern
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">His brothers became the Kings of Holland, Westphalia and Spain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">His step-son became Viceroy of Italy
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">His brother-in-law became the King of Naples
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">His sisters had small Italian states to rule
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">His family made many changes (reformed laws, got rid of feudal rights, took away land from the Church, and modernized the government)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The costs of French rule**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">The rule by the Bonapartes also brought losses
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Biggest loss caused by Napoleon's wars
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">States under Bondapartes' rule had to provide troops for Napoleon armies
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">People had to pay heavy price
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Napoleon had to pay for his wars by taxing people
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">French soldiers killed animals, ate and slept in peasant's homes that were near the route of a marching army

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Resistance and rebellion**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">European hated the rule of French and the hatred was strong in Spain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">1808, Spaniards rebelled against the French and claimed for independence
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">French fought them back crushing the rebels

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Napoleon and Britain**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">There were five countries that stayed independent
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Britain was the most powerful of these countries
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">1803-1804, Napoleon gathered 'Army of England' along the Channel coast to invade Britain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">French first needed the control of the Channel for at least four days
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon tricked the British to chase them into distant waters
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The tricks succeeded but Napoleon decided to invade Britain in August 1805
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Austrian army was marching towards France
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon ordered the Army of England to leave the Channel coast to cut off the Austrians in central Europe
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">This resulted the Battle of Ulm on 20 October
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon won a victory a Ulm, but he gave up invading Britain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Nelson's fleet trapped Admiral Villeneuve's fleet off the coast of Spain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">In the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805, few French ships escaped
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">French navy had no more control on the Channel and made the invasion impossible

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The Continental System**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Napoleon tried different kind of warfare against Britain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">1806, he issued an order, the Berlin Decree - forbidding the states under his control to trade with Britain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">He wanted to force Britain to surrender by ruining its trade
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">This blockade of British goods is called the Continental System
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">This led to fall in the quantity of goods imported into and exported out of Britain
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Portugal refused to join Napoleon's Continental System
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon decided to force them to join
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">1807, French forces invaded Portugal and occupied the capital (Lisbon)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Led to unexpected problems
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Spanish and Portuguese hated the French armies
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">1808, They rebelled against the French
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Began a war of independence against them
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Britain joined the fighting
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">They fought the French in the 'Peninsular War' for next five years
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">For Napoleon, the war was a 'Spanish ulcer'
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">1810, Tsar of Russia left the System
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon forced the Tsar back into the Continental System by invading Russia

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The Russian Campaign**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon gathered a 'Grand Army' to invade Russia in the summer of 1812
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Defeated them in the Battle of Borodino
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon entered the capital (Moscow)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">This was not a triumph for Napoleon
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Two months later, his men were on the retreat
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Only 50,000 were alive after getting back into Europe
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">The Grand Army had been wiped out
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">The problems were that:
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Russians stopped the French from finding food, leading to immediate transport problems for the French army
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Lack of horses
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Food and medicine ran short
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">Napoleon ordered the army to retreat
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Winter came early and the French were unprepared
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Food ran out as the weather got colder
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">French became desperate of food and warmth
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">During the Napoleon's six-month Russian campaign, many French soldiers died and 200,000 horses died

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The fall of Napoleon**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Tsar of Russia organized a new coalition against Napoleon
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">1813, Russia, Sweden, Prussia and Britain joined together as allies and drove the French out of central Europe
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">1814, the allies driven the French right back into France
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon was forced to surrender in April 1814
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon gave up his throne and the Allies set up a new government with Louis XVI's brother
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Louis XVI's brother was crowned as Louis the Eighteenth (XVIII)

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Elba**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon kept his title of Emperor but sent to an island of Elba
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon ran the island as a little country
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">He created a tiny army and navy, and helped farmers to improve their land
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon decided to return to France when he heard that Louis XVIII was unpopular
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">March 1815, Louis fled while crowds cheered Napoleon all the way to Paris, where he set up his empire again

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 110%;">**The 'Hundred Days'**
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon's second empire lasted just ninety-five days
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Leaders of Austria, Britain, Russia, and Prussia set out armies to crush him
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon marched with 122,000 men to meet them in Belgium
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">He beat one of the Prussian armies
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">British, with the aid of Prussians defeated his attack
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon returned to Paris
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon gave up his throne on 22 June
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">He was taken to a place from which he could never escape, the island of St Helena
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">He spent the rest of his life in imprisonment and died in 1821

<span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">**Summary** <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">Napoleon began to enlarge his empire by invading other countries in Europe. Since it was hard for him to govern all the land he had conquered, he shared it out among his family, for them to govern. The Bonaparte family made many changes such as reforming laws, getting rid of feudal rights, taking away land from the Church, and modernizing the way their states were governed. The Bonapartes brought losses as well as benefits. The young men of their states suffered from the wars and the French armies damaged peasants' living. In 1808, Spaniards rebelled against the French and declared a war of independence against them. The French responded them with violent attacks to crush the rebels. Britain was one of the countries that stayed independent of Napoleon. He decided to invade Britain, gathering a massive 'Army of England' along the Channel coast. Later, this resulted the Battle of Ulm. Although he had a great victory, he had to gave up invading Britain. Napoleon found another way to force Britain to surrender. He ordered the Berlin Decree, forbidding the states under his control to trade with Britain, this blockade was known as the Continental System. Most of Europe belonged to the System except Portugal. Napoleon then decided to invade Portugal but this led to unexpected problems. The Spanish and the Portuguese hated the French armies and rebelled against them, beginning the war of independence. This similar problem happened, the Tsar of Russia leaving the System because it damaged their trade. Napoleon decided to force them to join the System by invading Russia. Napoleon gathered a 'Grand Army' of 655,000 men and invaded Russia, entering the capital Moscow. This seemed like a triumph for Napoleon but it was not. The Grand Army had been wiped out by lack of food, horses, and warmth. The Russia organized a new coalition against him and soon drove the French out of central Europe, driving back into France. Napoleon gave up his throne and he was sent to an island of Elba, but he was unhappy with his living there. When he heard that Louis XVIII was unpopular, he went back to France and set up his second empire which lasted just ninety-five days. The Allies set out armies to crush him. Napoleon was then sent to the island of St Helena and spent the rest of his life.

<span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">**Question** <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">How did the French responded the rebels from the Spaniards? <span style="font-family: Georgia,-webkit-fantasy; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">How were the lives of commoners during Napoleon's expansion of his empire?