InNo+JerryL+11.29.2010

AWESOMENESS!!! the Big Three: George, Clemenceau, Wilson My awesomeness is about how the Big Three had different views

more the winning nations suffered, more they want in repay
 * Great Suffering... **
 * France**
 * Worst of fighting --> area larger than Wales ruined
 * Farm land bombed into mud
 * Farm animals eaten by soldiers
 * //2M// people fled from homes
 * //3/4M// homes destroyed
 * //23,000// factories destroyed, //5,600 km// railway and //48,000//
 * //1.4M// soldiers died, //2.5M// wounded
 * Belgium**
 * Robbed by Germans for supplies
 * Flanders and Ypres ruined by war
 * //50,000// soldiers died
 * Britain**
 * No land ever taken
 * //750k// soldiers died
 * //1.5M// wounded
 * spent //9 billion __(1 billion borrowed)__//
 * Italy**
 * //600k// soldiers died
 * north-east Italy ruined
 * Russia**
 * //1.7M// soldiers died, mass hunger
 * surrendered in 1917, Brest-Litovsk Treaty
 * The United States**
 * suffered least
 * //116k// dead
 * Germany**
 * country unharmed
 * //2M// soldiers died
 * trade blocked, civilians suffer starvation
 * The suffering of war**
 * Other Central Powers:
 * Austria-Hungary: //1.2M//
 * Turkey: //325k//
 * Bulgaria: //100k//
 * mid-1918:
 * Spanish influenza: 25M died
 * MUST PREVENT WAR ---> TREATIES


 * The Paris Peace Conference **
 * Thirty-two countries sent representatives to Paris in January 1919 to make peace treaties with defeated Central Powers.
 * The ** ‘Big Three’ ** //(__Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of Britain and Wilson of the USA)__// dominated the Peace Conference. Each had different aims:
 * ** Clemenceau **
 * aimed to weaken Germany so much that France could never be invaded again.
 * //200 Billion// gold francs
 * take land, industry, army
 * ** Wilson **
 * aimed for a fair and lasting peace.
 * Fourteen Points, mainly:
 * no secret agreements between countries
 * countries must reduce their armaments
 * people under foreign rule must be given the right of national self-determination ---> allow own nation and gov
 * League of Nations must be set up to keep the peace.
 * ** Lloyd George **
 * agreed with most of ** Fourteen Points **
 * under public pressure in Britain to be harsh on Germany.
 * The Peace Treaties mixture of different aims and ideas
 * Quickly establish League of nations
 * self-determination:
 * became free-for-all to carve up land of defeated

Five treaties were signed in places close to Paris.
 * The Paris Peace Treaties **
 * ** The Treaty of Versailles ** (1919) dealt with Germany.
 * A ** League of Nations ** was set up:
 * first 26 clauses (** Covenant of the League of Nations **)
 * Land was taken away from Germany:
 * Alsace and Lorraine --> France
 * Eupen and Malmedy --> Belgium
 * North Schleswig --> Denmark
 * West Prussia, Posen and Upper Silesia --> Poland
 * Hultschin --> Czechoslovakia.
 * Danzig, the Saar and Memel --> ruled by the League of Nations
 * All overseas colonies taken under League rule
 * Land taken from Russia returned --> Russia, Estonia, Latvia, LIthuania, Poland
 * Germany’s army
 * reduced to __100,000__ men.
 * The navy no more than six battleships
 * No submarines
 * no air force
 * The Rhineland was demilitarized; occupied by Allied armies (15 years)
 * Union with Austria was forbidden.
 * The ** War Guilt Clause **blamed Germany for stating the war
 * Germany had to pay ** reparations ** to the Allies.
 * Treaty much harsher than expected: Diktat (Dictated peace)
 * ** The Treaties of Saint-Germaine and Trianon ** (1919 and 1920) dealt with Austria and Hungary.
 * The Covenant of the League of Nations.
 * The Austro-Hungarian Empire ceased to exist.
 * became separate and independent states.
 * Much land given to Czechoslovakia, Poland and Yugoslavia, also Romania and Italy.
 * Both countries had to reduce their armaments and pay reparations.
 * ** The Treaty of Neuilly ** (1919) dealt with Bulgaria.
 * The Covenant of the League of Nations.
 * Bulgarian land was given to Greece and Yugoslavia.
 * Bulgaria had to reduce armaments and pay reparations.
 * ** The Treaty of Sevres ** (1920) dealt with the Turkish Empire.
 * VERY HARSH, took most of Turkey's land
 * The Covenant of the League of Nations
 * Most of Turkey’s land in Europe was given to Greece
 * Turkish Straits were put under League of Nations control
 * Turkey’s Arab Lands became **mandates** of the League of Nations and were put under French and British rule.
 * Allied armies were to occupy what was left of Turkey – Asia minor.


 * The League of Nations **
 * The Peace Conference set up a League of Nations.
 * Its Covenant (rules) was included in all five peace treaties.
 * The job of the League was to preserve the peace
 * Use ** collective security **
 * everyone help the one being attacked
 * organized by the ** Assembly ** in Geneva or by the ** Council ** (smaller emergency body) of the League.
 * Disarmament Commission
 * Persuade members to reduce army
 * Mandates Commission
 * keep eye on German and Turkish colonies
 * The League also aimed to improve the world through specialized agencies
 * ** Health Organization **
 * Improve health
 * ** International Labor Organization **
 * worker's living conditions
 * ** Permanent Court of Justice **
 * try legal disputes between countries
 * PROBLEMS
 * USA, Russia, Germany didn't join
 * No army to stop fight

Most countries in war had great losses, so numerous treaties are signed after the War to pay for loss. They were also harsh because people wanted to secure peace. The League of Nations were established to maintain peace and improve the world.
 * Summary **

Explain the treaty of Versailles. Was it right to sign such harsh treaties in order to maintain peace? Do you think that missing an army to back up decisions will affect the efficiency of the League of Nations? Compare the League of Nations to United Nations, what was it lacking? Explain the idea of national self-determination.
 * Questions **