InNo+eunyoungpx2013+Sep.10.2010


 * CH3: The rise of Napoleon ** toc

=Napoleon the soldier = -After the terror, France tried a new form of Government. -1795~1799 France was governed by 5 men called' Directors' but they did not govern well -In 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte forced 'Directors' out of office and took over the government

Napoleon's background
-In 1969, born on the island of Corsica -2nd of eight children -when he was 9 years old he was send to school in France -spend next 7 years in military school -at the age of 16 he became lieutenant and left the school -4 years later revolution begin -when he was 24 years old, he was a general -he was close friend of Robespierre's borther Augustin. -when Robespierre was overthrown, Napoleon was arrested with people who were close to Robespierre, but there was no evidence to execute him so they return him to his army post.
 * <Napoleon>**

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Napoleon's Italian campaign
-in 1795... -at this time, French army was very large at this time -French conquered Holland and Belgium and they wanted to conquer states of northern Italy. -in 1796, Napoleon made commander of the Army of Italy(order to attack Austrian..) -next 18 months, he led his armies to brilliant victories over the Austrians in Italy. -1797 Oct, northern Italy was under French control -Napoleon was the most famous general

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Napoleon in Egypt
-Directors put Napoleon in command of an 'Army of the East' -Napoleon order to attack Britain's trade and colonies in the Far East. -begin invade Egypt -In july 1798, at the battle of the Pyramids Napoleon defeated the Egyptians. -a week after the war, at Aboukir Bay, Napoleon's ship that was bringing army sunk by the British Royal Navy -Napoleon and his army could not escape in the Middle East for a whole year -France's enemies had formed a 2nd Coalition and had driven French out of Italy and central Europe. -in the summer of 1799, he learned of there defeats Also learned that rebels had over-run large part of western France and directors face strong opposition in the council -he left his army in Egypt to save the country from defeat

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Napoleon seizes power
-One of the Directors was plotting to get rid of his fellow Directors -He asked Napoleon for help -Napoleon agree to join -Lucien(Napoleon's brother), who was the president of one of Council was also involved -On 9 November 1799, they took action -They make up the story (that rebels were about to capture Paris) and asked council to take emergency action -They made Napoleon commander of all the troops and move to safer place -Soldiers forced other 3 Directors to resign -Deputies find out that the story about rebel was lie, so they got really angry and tried to declare him an outlaw -Napoleon's soldiers believed that Napoleon is in danger,so they enter the hall. Then deputies got scared and most of them gave Napoleon a vote

=<span style="color: #ffb300; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Napoleon the ruler =

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The consulate
-it took only a month to create new government -France was governed by 3 counsuls ->1st counsul made decision ->2nd and 3rd advice 1st counsul -Change to 4 consuls to divide the work -consul helped write law and discuss Napoleon's decision -Senate(tribunate and a Legislative body) also helped making law and appoint officals -voting-> there were 9 million voter ->3 million supported ->1,500 against ->6 million did not vote

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Victory in war
- Defend France against the Second Coalition's army was urgent task for Napoleon -he plant to attack Austrian forces in north Italy -It took long time to cross the Alps, so when Napoleon's army reached Italy, Austrians were already there. -Napoleon's army attack a village name Margengo -France won the Battle of Margengo -Another France army attack the Austrians at the Battle of Hohenlinden in Germany and France won this battle too -Result of this battle, in 1801 at Luneville, peace treaty was signed and France got control of Belgium and north Italy

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The making of a legend
- His victory made him more famous -In newspaper, books and paintings he was portrayed as a hero -14 years after Napoleon's memoirs had been published

<span style="line-height: 25.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">** The concordat and the Catholic Church **
-France was in peace -He had to solve problem about Catholic religion -During the terror, most of church closed and France became de-christianized, so loyal catholics hated this and tried to overthrow the government -Napoleon allowed people to take sunday off -In 1801 Napoleon signed the pope called 'Concordat' ->he allowed Catholics ->pope allow him to appoint all the bishops and agreed that all priests should take an oath of loyalty to Napoleon

Reforms
-by 1802, Napoleon made peace with Europe -Senate increased his power, raised his pay and made him ‘Consul-for life’ -Vote: 3.5 million voted in favor -8,000 against -Napoleon start reform ->in 1802, he reform the country’s schools -main change: create a new kind of secondary school->lycee ->under strict military discipline, studied curriculum drawn by king ->when they leave, they took exam called ’Baccalaureate’ to go to university -In 1804, he began code of civil law called ‘code napoleon’ code Napoleon: -this simplified the very complex laws -In 1789, they made some of things that revolutionaries had demanded into law

<span style="line-height: 25.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">** Napoleon becomes Emperor **
-1804 Napoleon becomes Emperor -vote->people supported -he brought back some of things that was abolished during the revolution

-Later In 1808, created an imperial nobility, but but they had no privileges like before.

-Brought back noble titles for his family members ex. His brothers Joseph and Louis became Elector and Grand Constable of Empire -To keep noble title, nobles had to be rich, they had to leave their son an 200,000 a year

Summary:
This chapter explains about what Napoleon did in France and how he changed France. When Napoleon was was young, he went to military school and when he was 24 years old he was a general. He was one of the most famous general. In july 1798, at the battle of the Pyramids Napoleon defeated the Egyptian, but a week after the war, at Aboukir Bay, Napoleon's ship that was bringing army sunk by the British Royal Navy, so Napoleon and his army had to stay there for 1 year. During this time France's enemies had formed a 2nd Coalition and had driven French out of Italy and central Europe, so Napoleon left his army in Egypt to save his country. one day one of the Directors was plotting to get rid of his fellow Directors and he needed Napoleon's power, so he asked Napoleon to help him. Then, Napoleon decide to help him. Napoleon make up the story and asked council to take emergency action. Then, they made Napoleon commander of all the troops and move to safer place and soldiers forced other 3 Directors to resign. When Deputies find out that he lie to them, they tried to declare him an outlaw. But at the time Napoleon's soldiers enter the hall and most of deputies had to give Napoleon votes. Napoleon change the France's working system to 4 consuls to divide the work. consul helped write law and discuss Napoleon's decision. Senate(tribunate and a Legislative body) also helped making law and appoint officials. Defend France against the Second Coalition's army was important job for Napoleon, so he he plant to attack Austrian forces in north Italy. By win in the Battle of Margengo and the Battle of Hohenlinden in Germany, France got control of Belgium and north Italy. Napoleon became more famous and there were so many paintings and books about Napoleon. Catholic religion was another problem that Napoleon had to solve so In 1801 Napoleon signed the pope called 'Concordat' and allowed Catholics.

To make country better Napoleon start reform. In 1802, he reform the country’s schools-main change was that he create a new kind of secondary school called 'lycee'. In 1804, he began code of civil law called ‘code napoleon’ which simplified the very complex laws. In 1789, they made some of things that revolutionaries had demanded into law. 1804 Napoleon becomes Emperor and in 1808, created an imperial nobility, but they did not have privileges like before.

Questions:
1. Was there people who disagreed with allow catholic again? Did they do anything to stop it? If yes How? 2. Were his brothers really helpful? Why or why not? 3. Why did so many voters choose to not vote for first vote?

Fun!
After I read about Napoleon I want to learn more about him!! time line of Napoleon's life: http://www.sparknotes.com/biography/napoleon/timeline.html http://library.thinkquest.org/C0110901/standard/timeline.html

Napoleon: