InNo-Revolution+in+France+marcol2013+September+11,+2010

Revolution in France Chapter 3

Awesome Stuff

An awesome video of Napoleon and his accomplishments in France.

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This is Napoleon's most famous painting



This is a hilarious changed picture of the one above, Napoleon on a sports bike instead of a horse XD



Notes

The rise of Napoleon

-new form of government formed by 5 Directors backed by 2 assembly councils -government badly, price of food went up, cost of money went down, etc. -Napoleon, young army general forced them out of power and took over government

Napoleon the Soldier-Napoleon's background

-born Corsica 1769, this island, year before, French king bought island so he was born French and his parents Italian -sent to school in France at 9 -7 years military school, left as lieutenent -Napoleon gained rapid promotions as size of Army grew during revolution -general at age of 24 -almost thrown out of power because his close friend Augustin, brother of Robespierre was overthrown -returned to army because no evidence against him

Napoleon's Italian campaign

-revolutionary war continues as Directors take over -conquered Holland and Belgium, French army grew -Napoleon became commander of the Army of Italy, attack Austrian forces in Italy -led his army to a series of victories, got all the land in Northern Italy -Napoleon=France's most famous general

Napoleon in Egypt

-put in command "army of the east" -mission=attack Britain's trade and colonies in Far East -attacked Egypt half-way on trade-route to india -defeated Egypt, "Battle of the Pyramids" -stranded in Egypt, ships sunk by Britain Navy -not knowing this, the French were being driven out of central Europe and Northern Italy -Napoleon learned of this summer of 1799 -Napoleon decided to go back and help France

Napoleon seizes power

-one of the directors kicks out all the other directors and decides to build a new stronger government, with a strong army and asks for Napoleon's support -Napoleon agrees, Napoleon's brother is also a president of one of the councils -they made up a story about rebels capturing Paris and forced the other Directors to resign -Napoleon then went to change the government, but they figured out it was a lie and took an oath to defend Directory -according to records, many angry deputies tried to kill Napoleon -the guards defended Napoleon, his life was in danger -they left and those who stayed voted for Napoleon and two other plotters the power to runt he country until new type of government was formed

Napoleon the Ruler-The Consulate

-after one month, new government was formed -ruled by three consuls, First Consul made decisions, other two consuls adviced him -Napoleon took First consul, therefore head of government -four councils created, one with great power, council of state, helped Napoleon with laws, etc. -Senate, Tribunate and Legislative body put laws into action -3 million people voted for this type of government, 1500 voted against, so it stayed

Victory in war

-Napoleon's most urgent task was to defend France from Second Coalition -he wanted to flank them from behind and took his army through Switzerland pass the Alps -when they arrived at an Austrian village, they were outnumbered and exhausted, but back up troops came and helped him win -they took control of Italy and won the Battle of Hohenlinden

Making of a legend

-this victory made Napoleon more famous than ever -he was almost a legendary figure before long -many publications of his books, in newspapers, memoirs etc. -a painting painted of him on magnificent horse but actually was a short person who was riding on a small horse freezing in the cold

The Concordat and the Catholic Church

-once peace was established, Napoleon faced other problems, the Catholic religion -during the Reign of Terror, christianity had been closed down, millions hated this and rebelled, trying to overthrow the government -he signed an agreement called the Concordat with the pope -he allowed Catholic worship freely again -this gave him support of millions that hated the government for the last ten years

Reforms

-1802, Napoleon ended conflicts with Europe, ended religious conflicts in France -another vote was presented, 3 million voted for him, 8000 against -he now had power over France for the rest of his life, he set up new educational system -he added the secondary school called the lycee -living under strict military discipline, high schoolers studied curriculum drawn by government took an exam to get into college -one of Napoleon's greatest achievements was the Napoleon Codes, which are seven books simplifying the laws of France

Napoleon becomes Emperor

-he increased his power even more by making himself emperor -France then became an empire after being a republic for twelve years -he made himself crowned for many things, he made many abolished things come back -he made noble titles for his family memebers -he made an imperial nobility including dukes, prince -people could become nobles again, but there were no priveleges

Summary

Napoleon was only a soldier at the beginning, but because of the revolution and the growing army, he rose his position rapidly and became a general at the age of 24. He then became the commander of Northern Italy, won the war and became the most famous general of France. Napoleon was trying to make a new government with one of the Directors because of the downfall at the time. They made a lie to make the other directors resign but this was known soon and Napoleon was hated. Many wanted to kill him. He was then saved by guards and people who did not leave the house voted him for the power to rule France in a new government. Now that he had power, he was the First consul making all the decisions and the two other consuls advised him in making these decisions. He then fights the war with Austria, wins and becomes more famous than he ever was. After this war, peace was established and Napoleon went on to solve the next problem, Catholics' rebel. He allowed Catholic to freely pray and then gained support of millions who hated the government for so many years. Napoleon then added his power by making himself emperor and bringing back the old way of Nobility, with Princes and people allowed to become noble. However the new style did not give any privileges.

Questions

How did Napoleon get his promotions and not others? Was Napoleon truly skilled in warfare or was he lucky in winning all these fights? Did Napoleon cross the line by bringing back the way France used to be ruled?